Gripe do tomate / Tomato flu

A Gripe do Tomate é uma doença cuja etiologia ainda não está bem definida, podendo ser causada por uma variante do vírus Coxsackie, responsável pela doença mão-pé-boca ou ainda, por um quadro pós-viral de Chikungunya ou Dengue (FERREIRA, 2022; GZH SAÚDE, 2022). Embora seja conhecida por Gripe ou Febre do Tomate, a doença não possui nenhuma relação com o consumo do fruto, mas refere-se a ele pela semelhança das erupções de bolhas vermelhas e dolorosas que acometem todo o corpo e aumentam gradualmente (CAMAÇARI NOTÍCIAS, 2022; FOLHA VITÓRIA, 2022)

Tomato Flu is a disease whose etiology is not yet well defined, and may be caused by a variant of the Coxsackie virus, responsible for hand-foot-and-mouth disease, or by a post-viral condition of Chikungunya or Dengue (FERREIRA, 2022). ; GZH HEALTH, 2022). Although it is known as Influenza or Tomato Fever, the disease does not have any relationship with the consumption of the fruit, but refers to it by the similarity of the eruptions of red and painful blisters that affect the whole body and gradually increase (CAMAÇARI NOTÍCIAS, 2022; FOLHA VITÓRIA, 2022)

Eccema coxsackium en adulto: presentación de un caso / Eczema coxsackium in adults: a case report

La enfermedad de pie, mano boca es una patología frecuente de observar en niños menores de 5 años, generalmente producida por virus Coxsackies y Enterovirus. Existen presentaciones atípicas debido a serotipos recientemente descritos de estos virus, algunos de ellos se han reportado en pacientes adultos. Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 19 años, con antecedentes de dermatitis seborreica facial en tratamiento, que desarrolla una presentación atípica del síndrome pie, mano boca en contexto de un brote de esta patología en su academia militar. Luego del análisis epidemiológico, clínico e histopatológico, se diagnostica eccema coxsackium, una patología infrecuente en este grupo etario que contiene algunas particularidades destacables en relación con su manejo y estudio.

The hand mouth foot syndrome is a common pathology observed in children under 5 years, usually caused by coxsackie virus and enterovirus. There are exuberant clinical presentations, due to infrequent and emerging serotypes of these viruses, some of them manifesting in adult patients. A case of a 19 year old patient is presented, with a history of seborrheic dermatitis of the face and scalp in treatment, who develops an atypical clinical presentation of the hand foot mouth syndrome, intensely affecting the areas of seborrheic dermatitis on the face, in the context of an outbreak of this pathology in his military academy. After the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological analysis, eczema coxsackium is diagnosed, an infrequent pathology in this age group that contains some remarkable peculiarities in relation to its management.

Development of a new method for diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie genome by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Background: Coxsackie B viruses (genus, Enterovirus; family, Picornaviridae) can cause aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, pleurodynia, and fatal myocarditis, and are implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. The differentiation of the group B Coxsackieviruses into their subtypes has potential clinical and epidemiological implications. Objective: In this study, we developed a one-step, single-tube genogroup-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of group B Coxsackie genomes targeting 5′ UTR region. Materials and Methods: The amplification can be obtained in less than 1 hour by incubating all the reagents in a single tube with reverse transcriptase and Bst DNA polymerase at 63°C. Detection of gene amplification could be accomplished by agarose gel electrophoresis and the monitoring of gene amplification can also be visualised with the naked eye by using SYBR green I fluorescent dye. Results: A total of 40 samples comprising 31 positive samples and 9 negative samples were used in this study for comparative evaluation. The results were compared with those from Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). None of the RT-PCR-positive samples were missed by RT-LAMP, thereby indicating a higher sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assay. Conclusion: Thus, due to easy operation without a requirement of sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, the RT-LAMP assay reported here is extremely rapid, cost-effective, highly sensitive, and specific and has potential usefulness for rapid detection of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) not only by well-equipped laboratories but also by peripheral diagnostic laboratories with limited financial resources in developing countries.

Miocarditis fulminante y enfermedad diarreica aguda por Coxsackie virus B6 / Fulminant myocarditis and acute gastroenteritis due to Coxsackie virus B6

Presentamos el caso de una paciente joven que presentó choque cardiogénico por virus Coxsakie B6. La paciente acudió a una clínica particular con un cuadro clínico compatible con gastroenterocolitis aguda a la que después de una hora de estar recibiendo hidratación y manejo del cuadro diagnosticado, se agregó hipotensión que llegó al estado de choque, hipoxemia severa y compromiso pulmonar bilateral intersticial por lo que ingresó a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, donde recibió manejo de soporte. Debido al cuadro clínico y elevación de enzimas cardiacas se sospechó de compromiso cardiaco, la ecocardiografía evidenció cambios sugerentes de miocarditis. La evolución fue favorable y se le pudo dar de alta después de una semana. El diagnóstico etiológico del cuadro se hizo en el seguimiento, presentando serología con elevación de títulos para virus Coxsakie B6.

We present the case of a young woman who suffered cardiogenic due to by Coxsackie virus B6. The patient attended a private clinic with an acute gastroenteritis and after one hour of receiving hydratation,she developed hypotension and shock, severe hypoxemia and bilateral lung infiltrate. The patient entered the Intensive Care Unit, where she received hemodynamic support. Due to the clinical picture and cardiac enzymes increase, a cardiac failure was suspected and the echocardiographic findings suggested "myocarditis". The evolution was successful and Coxsackie B6 virus infection diagnosis was made during the follow up by increase of the levels of antibodies for virus Coxsackie B6.

Enfermedad de manos, pies y boca en paciente adulto / Disease hand, foot and mouth in an adult patient

La enfermedad de manos, pies y boca es causada por el virus coxsackie A es extremadamente contagiosa y de duración limitada. Es característica de niños y muy eventualmente en adultos. Se asocia a fiebre, malestar general, linfoadenopatías tras las cuales aparece una erupción vesicular localizada en la boca que se rompen originando úlceras superficiales y se acompañan de la aparición de pápulas eritematosas en las palmas de las manos, en las plantas de los pies, que pasan a vesículas y luego se ulceran. No requiere tratamiento específico, es autolimitada, con un tiempo de duración de 1 a 2 semanas. Se presenta un caso de paciente femenina de 52 años de edad quien consulta por presentar lesiones ulcerativas en la cavidad bucal acompañada con sintomatología general. Antecedentes familiares y personales no contributorios. La paciente refiere inicio de la enfermedad actual hace aproximadamente 6 días cuando aparecieron lesiones vesiculo - ulcerativas en la mucosa bucal, concomitante con fiebre y malestar general. Refiere haber tenido contacto con una nieta que presentó el mismo cuadro clínico. No ha recibido tratamientos anteriores. Al examen clínico extrabucal se observa en la piel de las manos y en los pies lesiones papulomatosas y algunas ulcerativas, que causan molestias a la paciente. Al examen intrabucal se observa lesiones de naturaleza ulcerativa ubicadas en mucosa de los carrillos y pilar anterior amigdalino. Se le indico tratamiento sintomático. Se destaca la importancia de este caso en su presentación clínica ya que es una enfermedad frecuente en la infancia y siendo inusual en pacientes de edad adulta

Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by the virus coxsackie A, is extremely contagious and of limited duration. Is typical of children and very eventually in adults. It associates to fever, general discomfort, linfoadenopatía after which a vesicular eruption appears located in the mouth, they break originating superficial ulcers and they accompany with the appearance of wheal and flare in the palms of the hands, in the plants of the feet, which go on to bladders and then ulcerate. It does not need specific treatment, is autolimited, with a time of duration from 1 to 2 weeks. It is presented a case of 52-year-old female patient of age, who consults for presenting ulcerative injuries in the oral cavity accompanied with general symptomatology. Family and personal precedents are not contributers. The patient recounts the beginning of the current disease approximately 6 days ago when appeared ulcerative bladders injuries in mucous mouth, concomitant with fever and general discomfort. She recounts to have had contact with a granddaughter who presented the same clinical picture. She has not received previous treatments. In the clinical extrabuccal examination is observed in the hand's skin and in the feet papulomatosas and some ulceratives injuries, which cause inconveniences to the patient. In the intrabuccal examination is observed injuries of ulcerative nature located in mucous of the pulleys and previous prop amigdalina. It was indicate symptomatic treatment. Is outlined the importance of this case in its clinical presentation since it is a frequent disease in the infancy and being unusual in patients of adult age

Epidemiología de los enterovirus asociados a enfermedades neurológicas / Epidemiology of enterovirus associated with neurologic diseases

El presente estudio describe los resultados de la investigación de los enterovirus humanos (HEV) mediante cultivo celular y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y su tipificación molecular en 2167 casos de parálisis fláccida aguda, meningitis aséptica y encefalitis aguda, obtenidos entre 1991 y 1998 en la Argentina. La frecuencia de detección de HEV en parálisis fláccida aguda fue 19.5% (130/666) y de poliovirus Sabin 5.4% (36/666). La tasa de detección de HEV en los casos de meningitis fue 28.8% (231/801) y en encefalitis 3.0% (21/700). El grupo etario más afectado por las meningitis fue entre 1 y 9 años (75.3%) y en los casos de parálisis fláccida aguda, de 1 a 4 años (58%). En muestras de brotes de meningitis se identificó echovirus (E) 4, E9, E30 y E17, y en casos esporádicos virus coxsackie A (CAV) 2, B (CBV) 2 y CBV5, E7, E11, E19, E24 y E29, y enterovirus (EV) 71. Finalmente, en casos de encefalitis se detectó E4, E7 y E24. En casos de parálisis fláccida aguda se identificaron 28 serotipos distintos de enterovirus no polio. En la Argentina y en otros países latinoamericanos existe escasa información acerca de la circulación de los HEV y su relación con diversas enfermedades neurológicas. Este estudio proporciona información que puede servir como base para posteriores investigaciones.

This report describes the results of human enterovirus (HEV) detection and characterization using cell culture, polymerase chain reaction and molecular typing in 2167 samples obtained from acute flaccid paralysis, aseptic meningitis and acute encephalitis patients, from 1991 to 1998 in Argentina. HEV were isolated in 130 out of 666 cases (19.5%) and 36 out of 666 (5.4%). HEV RNA was detected in 28.8% (231/801) and 3.0% (21/700) of the patients with meningitis and encephalitis, respectively. Children with ages ranging from 1 to 9 years accounted for 75.3% of the meningitis cases and from 1 to 4 years for 58% of acute flaccid paralysis patients. Echovirus 4 (E4), E9, E30 and E17 were identified from meningitis outbreaks. Coxsackievirus A2 (CAV2), CBV2, CBV5, E7, E11, E19, E24, E29 and enterovirus 71 were recovered only from sporadic cases. Three different serotypes were identified in encephalitis patients: E4, E7 and E24. A total of 28 different serotypes of non-polio enteroviruses were detected from acute flaccid paralysis cases. The information here presented contributes to improving our knowledge about enteroviruses epidemiology in Argentina and their relationship with different neurological diseases. This study provides valuable data that could be useful to further research.

Coxsackioses / Coxsackievirus infections

Aborda as infecçöes por coxsackievirus, sua etiologia, imunidade, epidemiologia, patogenia, patologia, manifestaçöes clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. (MC)

Coxsackie B virus in the etiology of heart diseases in Delhi.

Coxsackie B group of viruses have been long considered as the precipitating factor in heart diseases. Their association with various heart diseases especially pericarditis, myocarditis and myopericarditis is known, but now their association is also known with cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart diseases. A study was carried out on 87 patients suffering from various heart diseases and the role of Coxackie B virus infection was studied. The study included 25 control subjects. Thirty patients (34.5%) were found to be having high antibody titre for at least one of coxsackie B virus group with coxsackie B3 and B4 being the two commonest types. Serum IgM immunoglobulins were raised in acute infective disorders like pericarditis, myocarditis and myopericarditis but IgG, IgA and IgM levels were normal in ischaemic heart diseases and cardiomyopathy.

An exanthematic disease epidemic associated with coxsackievirus B3 infection in a day care center

E descrita uma epidemia de doenca exantematica em uma creche, acometendo 10 criancas de 7 a 13 meses de idade. O quadro exantematico caracterizou-se por lesoes maculo ou maculopapulares nao confluentes, que atingiam a face, tronco e pernas. 50 por cento das criancas infectadas apresentaram febre de ate 39 graus C, no inicio da doenca. Foi isolado das fezes de uma crianca doente o coxsackievirus B3 (CB3). Foram examinados soros pareados de 8 das 10 criancas doentes e em 6 delas demonstrou-se soroconversao para CB3...

Normalización de un ELISA de inhibición para el diagnóstico serológico de las infecciones por virus Coxsackie del grupo B / Standardization of an inhibition ELISA for serological diagnosis of Coxsackie B virus infections

El presente trabajo normalizamos una técnica de ElISA de inhibición para detectar anticuerpos dirigidos contra los virus Coxsackie del grupo B. El método resultó ser tipo específico, ya que fue capaz de detectar anticuerpos a 4 serotipos del B2 y B4 porque no contábamos con las cepas). La comparación con la técnica de neutralización arrojó una coincidencia del 85 por ciento , una sensibilidad del 91 por ciento y una especificidad del 82 por ciento . Todos los reactivos utilizados enel ensayo se produjo en nuestro laboratorio

Epidemic of fever of unknown origin in rural Thailand, caused by influenza A (H1N1) and dengue fever.

In the late summer (rainy season) of 1987, a sharp outbreak of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in rural southern Thailand was investigated by a field epidemiology team. In a random survey of households, 40 percent of the children and 20 percent of adults were reported to have had febrile illnesses within the last month. There was at least one death, possibly from Reye's syndrome. Testing 34 pairs of acute and convalescent sera showed significant HI antibody titer rises to influenza A (Taiwan/(H1N1) (9 cases) and dengue virus (12 cases). Testing 79 single sera with the antibody capture ELISA test for dengue, revealed that 23 percent had high titers in the IgM serum fraction suggesting recent infection. There were also six antibody titer rises to coxsackie B viruses, three from well controls. Dengue has previously been observed as a cause of FUO in rural areas in the tropics, but finding a combined epidemic of dengue and influenza was unexpected. With cooperative villagers, adequate personnel and laboratory support, especially the antigen capture ELISA test for dengue infections, it is feasible to successfully investigate disease outbreaks with serologic methods in remote villages.