Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae) as a source of polyphenols with antitumor activity and prospects for in vitro production using chemical elicitors - a review / Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae) como fuente de polifenoles con actividad antitumoral y perspectivas de su producción in vitro utilizando elicitores químicos ­ una revisión

Ipomoea batatas has an enormous projection as functional food and it is an excellent source of anticancerous or chemopreventive substances. Plant tissue culture offers the possibility of inducing secondary metabolites production under controlled conditions and their projection for industrial purposes. To establish the state of knowledge regarding advances in polyphenols chemical elicitation from I. batatas and the possibility of producing potential anticancerous compounds in vitro culture systems, a bibliometric review and an analysis of information available until 2020 were made. Results showed that research field on which review was carried out is current and has a growing trend; however, sweet potato cell suspensions evaluation is scarce. Elicitation using compounds with hormonal effects represents a good alternative to increase phenolic acids production in this species. Advances in phenols elicitation from sweet potato cell suspensions will require search superior genotypes, and associating this knowledge with in vivoand in silico studies.

Ipomoea batatas tiene una enorme proyección como alimento funcional y es una excelente fuente de sustancias anticancerosas o quimiopreventivas. El cultivo de tejidos vegetales ofrece la posibilidad de inducir la producción de metabolitos secundarios en condiciones controladas y su proyección con fines industriales. Para establecer el estado del conocimiento sobre los avances en la elicitación química de polifenoles en I. batatas y la posibilidad de producir compuestos potencialmente anticancerosos en sistemas de cultivo in vitro, se realizó una revisión bibliométrica y un análisis de la información disponible hasta 2020. Los resultados mostraron que el campo de investigación en el que se realizó la revisión es actual y tiene una tendencia creciente; sin embargo, la evaluación de las suspensiones celulares de batata es escasa. La elicitación usando compuestos con efectos hormonales representa una buena alternativa para incrementar la producción de ácidos fenólicos en esta especie. Los avances en la obtención de fenoles a partir de suspensiones celulares de batata requerirán la búsqueda de genotipos superiores y la asociación de este conocimiento con estudios in vivo e in silico.

Functional analysis on sucrose transporters in sweet potato / 生物工程学报

Sweet potato is an important food crop that can also be used as an industrial raw material. Sucrose is the main form of long-distance carbohydrate transport in plants, and sucrose transporter (SUT) regulates the transmembrane transport and distribution of sucrose during plant growth and metabolism. Moreover, SUT plays a key role in phloem mediated source-to-sink sucrose transport and physiological activities, supplying sucrose for the sink tissues. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequences of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning according to the transcripts of the two SUT coding genes which were differentially expressed in sweet potato storage roots with different starch properties. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to clarify the classification of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616. The subcellular localization of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 was determined by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The function of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sucrose and hexose absorption and transport was identified using yeast functional complementarity system. The expression pattern of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sweet potato organs were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Arabidopsis plants heterologous expressing IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 genes were obtained using floral dip method. The differences in starch and sugar contents between transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis were compared. The results showed IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 encoded SUT proteins with a length of 505 and 521 amino acids, respectively, and both proteins belonged to the SUT1 subfamily. IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were located in the cell membrane and were able to transport sucrose, glucose and fructose in the yeast system. In addition, IbSUT62788 was also able to transport mannose. The expression of IbSUT62788 was higher in leaves, lateral branches and main stems, and the expression of IbSUT81616 was higher in lateral branches, stems and storage roots. After IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, the plants grew normally, but the biomass increased. The heterologous expression of IbSUT62788 increased the soluble sugar content, leaf size and 1 000-seed weight of Arabidopsis plants. Heterologous expression of IbSUT81616 increased starch accumulation in leaves and root tips and 1 000-seed weight of seeds, but decreased soluble sugar content. The results obtained in this study showed that IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 might be important genes regulating sucrose and sugar content traits in sweet potato. They might carry out physiological functions on cell membrane, such as transmembrane transport of sucrose, sucrose into and out of sink tissue, as well as transport and unloading of sucrose into phloem. The changes in traits result from their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis indicates their potential in improving the yield of other plants or crops. The results obtained in this study provide important information for revealing the functions of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in starch and glucose metabolism and formation mechanism of important quality traits in sweet potato.

Diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.) attenuate hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia in mice induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Studies have shown that targeting xanthine oxidase (XO) can be a feasible treatment for fructose-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the dual regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (diacylated AF-PSPs) on hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet. The body weight, organ index, serum biochemical indexes, and liver antioxidant indexes of mice were measured, and the kidneys were observed in pathological sections. The relative expression levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of fructose metabolism pathway enzymes in kidney were detected by fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction technique, and the expression of renal transporter protein and inflammatory factor pathway protein was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Results showed that diacylated AF-PSPs alleviated hyperuricemia in mice, and that this effect might be related to the regulation of liver XO activity, lipid accumulation, and relevant renal transporters. Diacylated AF-PSPs reduced body weight and relieved lipid metabolism disorder, liver lipid accumulation, and liver oxidative stress, thereby enhancing insulin utilization and sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, and reducing hyperglycemia in mice. Also, diacylated AF-PSPs restored mRNA levels related to renal fructose metabolism, and reduced kidney injury and inflammation. This study provided experimental evidence for the mechanisms of dual regulation of blood glucose and uric acid (UA) by diacylated AF-PSPs and their utilization as functional foods in the management of metabolic syndrome.

Batata-doce em dietas para juvenis de tilápia em substituição parcial ao farelo de milho: uma análise econômica e de variáveis zootécnicas / Sweet potato in diets for tilapia juveniles in partial replacement to corn bran: An economic analysis and zootechnical variables

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a viabilidade econômica da substituição parcial do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce, para averiguar se é viável ou não a inclusão nas rações para tilápia. O experimento teve duração de 30 dias entre os meses de maio e junho de 2021 em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Entre os 4 tratamentos propostos, 3 eram compostos por diferentes níveis de substituição do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce nas rações experimentais (0,0%; 5,0% e 10,0%) e um composto pela ração comercial (tratamento controle). Ao todo foram utilizados 300 peixes com peso inicial aproximado de 9,10 ± 1,48 g, sendo a unidade experimental representada por 15 peixes em um aquário de 100 litros. Foi constatado que o farelo de milho pode ser substituído pela farinha de batata-doce até o nível mais alto avaliado, que foi de 10% de substituição na ração experimental para tilápia, pois superou a ração comercial, apresentando menor custo e sem afetar o desempenho dos animais.

The objective was to evaluate the performance and economic viability of partial replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour, in order to determine whether or not its inclusion in tilapia diets is feasible. The experiment lasted 30 days between May and June 2021 in a completely randomized experimental design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Among the 4 proposed treatments, 3 consisted of different levels of replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour in the experimental diets (0.0%; 5.0% and 10.0%) and one consisted of the commercial diet (control treatment). A total of 300 fish with an approximate initial weight of 9.10 ± 1.48 g were used, with the experimental unit represented by 15 fish in a 100-liter aquarium. It was found that corn bran can be replaced by sweet potato flour up to the highest level evaluated, which was 10% replacement in the experimental feed for tilapia, as it surpassed the commercial feed, with lower cost and without affecting performance. of the animals.

Effect of providing purple sweet potato water extract on tumor necrosis factor-α levels, protein 53 expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and spatial working memory in rats with d-galactose induction / Efeito do extrato de água de batata doce roxo no fator de necrose tumoral níveis alfa, na expressão da proteína 53, na expressão de proteína ácida fibrilar glial, nos níveis de fator neurotrófico cerebral e na memória espacial em ratos com indução de d-galactose

ABSTRACT. Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of oxidative stress in AD is due to amyloid beta (Aβ) protein that aggregates to form plaques, which further triggers chronic inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Purple sweet potato extract with the main content of anthocyanins is a potential antioxidant with a direct target on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Objective: The research objective was to determine the role of purple sweet potato water extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in preventing apoptosis in order to provide a neuroprotective effect in d-galactose-induced rats. Methods: A total of 100 male Wistar rats with randomized posttest-only control group design that met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. The treatment group was given 200 mg/kg BW/day of purple sweet potato water extract on days 1-70. d-galactose induction was administered in the treatment and control groups on days 15-70. Results: The independent t-test showed that the mean tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the treatment group (735.36±139.74) was significantly lower than that in the control group (896.77±152.52). The p53 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions of astrocyte cells in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the treatment group (498.13±121.47) were higher than that in the control (391.93±140.28), and there was a significant increase in spatial working memory in the treatment group (72.01±10.22) than the control (59.77±11.87). Conclusions: The neuroprotective effect of purple sweet potato extract is due to d-galactose induction resulting from decrease in TNF-α levels, p53 expression, and GFAP expression and increase in BDNF levels and spatial working memory.

RESUMO. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa. O mecanismo de estresse oxidativo na DA ocorre devido à proteína beta amilóide que se agrega para formar placas que desencadeiam inflamação crônica e apoptose neuronal. O extrato de batata-doce roxa composto principalmente por antocianinas é um potencial antioxidante com efeito direto sobre a hipótese da cascata amilóide. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar o papel do extrato aquoso de batata-doce roxa como antioxidante e anti-inflamatório na prevenção da apoptose, para proporcionar um efeito neuroprotetor em ratos induzidos por D-galactose. Métodos: Grupo controle randomizado pós-teste com 100 ratos Wistar machos que preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. O grupo de tratamento recebeu 200mg/kg de peso corporal/dia de extrato aquoso de batata-doce roxa nos dias 1-70. A indução de D-galactose foi testada nos grupos de tratamento e controle nos dias 15-70. Resultados: O teste t independente mostrou que a média dos níveis de TNF-α no grupo de tratamento (735,36±139,74) foi significativamente menor do que no grupo controle (896,77±152,52). A expressão de p53 e a expressão de GFAP de células de astrócitos foram significativamente menores no grupo de tratamento do que no grupo controle. Os níveis de BDNF no grupo de tratamento (498,13±121,47) foram maiores que no grupo controle (391,93±140,28) e houve um aumento significativo da memória de trabalho espacial no grupo de tratamento (72,01±10,22) em relação ao controle (59,77±11,87). Conclusões: O efeito neuroprotetor do extrato de batata-doce roxa é devido à indução de D-galactose pela diminuição dos níveis de TNF-α, expressão de p53 e expressão de GFAP, aumentando assim os níveis de BDNF e memória espacial.

Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L): a Versatile Raw Material for the Food Industry

Abstract Sweet potato (SP) starchy roots have a broad range of colors, high-quality nutritional composition including bioactive substances (anthocyanins and β-carotene), vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and starch. Several studies report the versatility of this root crop as part of the human diet and its possible health benefits. In this review the SP chemical composition, nutritional properties and its potential use in food processing for developing nutritious and healthy products are explored. Due to the adaptation of sweet potatoes to several agricultural managing conditions, accepting low technology /low cost with reasonable performance, it has called attention as a strong candidate of accessible functional food market.

Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato Chips: Processing Effect on Carotenoid Content and Resistant Starch and Sensory Acceptance

HIGHLIGHTS Chips from orange-fleshed sweet potato have a good acceptability. Drying process showed retention of carotenoids total content. Chips from drying or frying process showed high resistant starch content.

Abstract There is currently a great demand for industrialized products with functional properties, together with the increase in consumption of roots and sweet potato products. Sweet potatoes have a high content of resistant starch, while only the orange-fleshed roots also have a high content of carotenoids. Due to these, this work aimed to produce orange-fleshed sweet potato chips, by two processes: drying oven and immersion frying. The chips were evaluated for the content of resistant starch and carotenoids in nature and chips sweet potatoes, and evaluations of the physical attributes and sensory analysis of the chips. The drying process retained a greater content of total carotenoids. Fried chips can be considered high resistant starch content, even with a decrease in the content after this processing; they also showed more intense coloring and pleasant texture. There was a statistical difference between the varieties only regarding the content of carotenoids and resistant starch. Thereby, it can be concluded that the chips of both processing have good technological and functional qualities, and that the frying process presented best hardness which led to greater acceptability and purchase intention.

Elaboración de una galleta a base de harinas de plátano pelipita (Musa abb) y de batata (Ipomea batatas) / Preparation of a biscuit based on banana (Musa abb) and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) flours

RESUMEN Con la finalidad de diversificar el uso de las harinas de plátano pelipita (Musa ABB) y batata (Ipomoea batatas), se propuso evaluar la funcionalidad de una galleta sustituyendo la harina de trigo con 70% de harina de plátano pelipita y 30% harina de batata con el fin de obtener un producto con propiedades físicas y organolépticas agradables, además de mejorar la calidad nutricional, en cuanto a fibra dietaría y almidones resistentes. Las galletas elaboradas a base de harina de plátano pelipita y batata incrementaron significativamente, con respecto a la galleta patrón (GP), en los siguientes componentes químicos: ceniza (0,6 a 2,1%), proteínas (de 3,9 a 5,3%), fibra dietaría (4,1 a 5,3%) y azucares totales (24,1 a 22,1%). La galleta de harina de plátano y batata cumple con los requerimientos establecidos en la industria en cuanto a humedad (3,3%), aw (0,410) y color (L= 49,3 a= 4,79 y b= 19,3). Los resultados mostraron que la harina compuesta, contribuyó a un ligero incremento en las fracciones de fibra, proteínas, ceniza, fósforo, calcio y hierro en las galletas. En conclusión, el uso de la harina de batata y plátano en una relación de 30% - 70% respectivamente, resultó un ingrediente adecuado en la elaboración de galletas con alta preferencia sensorial, constituyendo una alternativa como fuente de fibra dietética.

ABSTRACT In order to diversify the use of Pelipita banana (Musa ABB) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours, we proposed evaluating the functionality of a cookie replacing wheat flour with 70% Pelipita banana flour and 30% sweet potato flour in order to obtain a product with pleasant organoleptic and physical properties and improved nutritional quality, in terms of dietary fiber and resistant starch. Cookies prepared from Pelipita banana and sweet potato flours increased significantly with respect to the following chemical components: ash (from 0.6 to 2.1%), protein (3.9 to 5.3%), dietary fiber (4.1 to 5.3%) and total sugars (24.1 to 22.1%). Cookies made with banana and sweet potato flour met the requirements established in the industry in terms of moisture (3.3%), aw (0.410) and color (L= 49.3 a= 4.79 and b= 19.3). The results showed that the composite flour, contributed to a slight increase in fractions of fiber, protein, ash, phosphorus, calcium and iron in cookies. In conclusion, the use of sweet potato and banana flours in a ratio of 30%-70% respectively, was a suitable ingredient in the production of biscuits with high sensory preference, constituting an alternative source of dietary fiber.

Alimentos potenciales a base de yuca y camote como fuente de carbohidratos complejos para contribuir en la dieta de personas con intolerancia al gluten / Potential foods based on yucca and sweet potato as a source of complex carbohydrates to contribute to the diet of people with gluten intolerance

Esta investigación de campo se enfocó en hacer un estudio sobre la alimentación de las personas celiacas en El Salvador asociadas en ACELYSES. Se propuso un recetario de alimentos libres de gluten como fuente de carbohidratos complejos, a base de yuca, camote y otros vegetales inocuos para contribuir en la dieta de personas con intolerancia al gluten (celíacos). Para la elaboración de las 27 recetas fue necesario dar prioridad a la inocuidad y control de la contaminación cruzada, es decir, que los alimentos no hayan sido contaminados con gluten en ningún proceso. Otro aspecto importante fue analizar la trazabilidad de las materias primas que se deben utilizar para preparar los alimentos, así como los utensilios con los que se preparan, a fin de evitar riesgos a las personas con esta patología. Se realizaron pruebas sensoriales y hedónicas a través de focus group para obtener la opinión de aceptación de las recetas propuestas; igualmente, se elaboró una tabla con el contenido nutricional de cada receta, lo cual permitirá al usuario informarse del consumo de grasas, carbohidratos y otros minerales en beneficio de su salud.

This field research was focused on conducting a study of the diet of people with celiac disease in El Salvador associated with ACELYSES. A recipe book for gluten-free foods was proposed as a source of complex carbohydrates, based on yucca, sweet potato and other harmless vegetables to contribute to the diet of people with gluten intolerance (celiacs). For the preparation of the 27 recipes, it was necessary to give priority to safety and control of cross contamination, that means that the food had not been contaminated with gluten in any process. Another important aspect was to analyze the traceability of the raw materials that should be used to prepare food, as well as the utensils with which they are prepared, in order to avoid risks to people with this pathology. Sensory and hedonic tests were carried out through focus groups to obtain the opinion of acceptance of the proposed recipes; Likewise, a table was prepared with the nutritional content of each recipe, which can allow the user to find out about the consumption of other fats, carbohydrates and minerals for the benefit of their health.

Alternative Process for Production of Sweet Potato Distilled Beverage

Abstract Shochu is the most widely consumed spirit in Japan. In its manufacture is used koji, a solid fungus culture traditional of the Asian countries, but that makes the production process slow. Shochu can be produced from a variety of starchy sources, including sweet potato. About 7% of the world's sweet potato production is wasted due to imperfections that make it unsuitable for consumption. However, this material can be used in ethanol production. Considering the high productivity of sweet potato in Brazil, an opportunity to add value to this raw material is perceived. An alternative process for the production of sweet potato distillate similar to shochu was proposed. Koji was replaced by a mixture of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Process time was reduced from 14 to only 1 day. Composition analyses were performed by HPLC and GC. The experimental yield of alcoholic fermentation using pectinase enzyme reached 67.31-73.65%, but methanol was above the limits of the legislation. Without the addition of pectinase, no methanol was formed. However, there was a decrease in yield (51.65-54.75%), due to the incomplete disintegration of sweet potatoes. The distillate produced and the commercial shochu presented the same absorption bands in FTIR analysis, identifying the similarity between them.

Morphoagronomic characterization of sweet potato accessions from the germplasm bank of Embrapa hortaliças / Caracterização morfológica de acessos de batata-doce mantidos no banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Hortaliças

Studies on the determination of genetic divergence among genotypes are important tools in breeding programs, contributing to the identification of parents with considerable productive potential. However, little is known about the combinatorial capacity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) accessions and its adaptation to the different regions of Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morpho-agronomic traits from 102 sweet potato accessions from the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças. The experiment was laid out as an augmented block design comprised of 102 treatments. Nineteen above ground traits were measured using descriptors for the respective parts. Estimated values of broad sense heritability were high for the traits mean branch length (95.75%), immature leaf color (85.06%), and predominant branch color (90.57%). Coefficients of environmental variation were below 30.00% for all variables, except for branch weight (51.62%). The 102 clones analyzed presented broad genetic variability for the different traits evaluated, especially for branch weight, and branch length, and mature leaf color.

Estudos de determinação de divergência genética entre genótipos são ferramentas de grande importância em programas de melhoramento, auxiliando na identificação de genitores com considerável potencial produtivo. No entanto, pouco ainda se sabe sobre a capacidade combinatória de acessos de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) e sobre a adaptação a diferentes regiões do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características agronômicas de 102 acessos de batata-doce mantidos no Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Hortaliças. O experimento foi instalado utilizando o delineamento em blocos aumentados, com 102 tratamentos. Foram mensuradas 19 características da parte aérea utilizando-se descritores das respectivas partes. Os valores das estimativas de herdabilidade no sentido amplo foram altos para as características comprimento médio das ramas (95,75%), cor da folha imatura (85,06%) e cor predominante da rama (90,57%). Os coeficientes de variação foram inferiores a 30 % para todas as variáveis, exceto para peso das ramas (51.62%). Os 102 clones analisados apresentaram ampla variabilidade genética para as diferentes características avaliadas, principalmente para peso das ramas, comprimento das ramas e cor da folha madura

Yield and soil insect resistance in sweet potato clones / Produtividade e resistência de clones de batata-doce aos insetos de solo

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a rustic horticultural crop with high production potential. However, the crop is susceptible to many pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate 10 genotypes of sweet potato regarding their yield and resistance to soil insects, under Brazilian cerrado soil conditions. Genotypes were selected from the Sweet Potato Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças. The experiment was conducted at Água Limpa Farm, belonging to University of Brasilia (UnB), and consisted of a randomized block design, with 10 treatments (genotypes), 10 plants per plot, and four replications. The following traits were analyzed: number of perforations per root, incidence of roots injured by insects, plant resistance degree, root shape, total and marketable root yields, root peel color, root pulp color, pulp total soluble solids, pulp titratable acidity, pulp TSS/TA ratio, pulp moisture, and pulp starch yield. Genotype CNPH 53 (26.78 t ha-1) presented total root yield greater than the commercial variety Brazlândia Rosada (17.54 t ha-1). Genotype Santa Sofia (11.77 t ha-1) and Brazlândia (13.5 t ha-1) had similar marketable root yields. CNPH 53 showed the best agronomic performance, exhibiting moderate susceptibility to soil insects and root shape meeting the market standards. It also had low pulp TA (2.53%); high pulp TSS (12.25 °Brix) and pulp TSS/AT ratio (4.24); pulp moisture content close to 70%; and the highest pulp starch content (11.98%). The traits number of perforations per root, root shape, and pulp TA presented heritability values close to 70%. Marketable root yield, pulp moisture, and pulp starch content demonstrated heritability values greater than 90% and CVG/CVE greater than 1

A batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) é uma hortícola rústica e de elevado potencial produtivo. No entanto, ainda é suscetível a grande número de pragas e doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dez genótipos de batata-doce quanto à produtividade e resistência a insetos de solo nas condições de solo do cerrado Brasileiro. Os genótipos avaliados foram selecionados do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Hortaliças. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 10 tratamentos, 4 repetições e 10 plantas de batata-doce por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: número de furos por raiz, incidência de danos causados por insetos, grau de resistência da planta, formato de raiz, cor da casca da raiz, cor da polpa da raiz, produtividade total e comercial de raiz, e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (AT), STT/AT, rendimento de amido e umidade da polpa. O genótipo CNPH 53 apresentou produtividade total (26,78 t ha-1) superior à variedade comercial Brazlândia Rosada (17,54 t ha-1). O genótipo Santa Sofia obteve produtividade comercial (11,77 t ha-1) próxima à variedade Brazlândia Rosada (13,75 t ha-1). O genótipo CNPH 53 apresentou o melhor desempenho agronômico, exibindo suscetibilidade moderada aos insetos de solo e formato de raiz dentro dos padrões comerciais. Apresentou também baixa acidez (2,53%); alto teor de sólidos solúveis (12,25 °Brix) e de ratio (4,24); teor de umidade da polpa próximo a 70% e maior teor de amido na polpa (11,98%). As características número de furos, formato e acidez apresentaram valores de herdabilidade próximos de 70%. A produtividade comercial, umidade e amido da polpa demonstraram valores de herdabilidade acima de 90% e CVg/CVe maior que 1

Agro-economic profitability of sweet potato cultivars as a function of the harvest age and times of cultivation in the semi-arid / Rentabilidade de cultivares de batata-doce em função da idade de colheita e épocas de cultivo no semiárido

The objective of this work was to evaluate the profitability of sweet potato cultivars, harvested at different ages and cultivated in different periods (rainy and dry) in the municipality of Mossoró, semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments arranged in split plots scheme. The plots were composed of three sweet potato cultivars (ESAM 1, Paraná and Mother of Family) and the subplots for five harvest ages (90 , 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after transplanting - DAT). Productivity of commercial roots and production costs was evaluated, as well as the economic indicators: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. Independently of the growing periods, the productivity of commercial roots increased with the later harvest of the crop and differentiated the cultivars. Production costs averaged R$ 6,087.97 ha-1 in the rainy season and R$ 6,181.42 ha-1 in the dry period. Labor expenditures were the most impacting of total expenditures. The cultivars ESAM 1 and Paraná presented higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability when cultivated in the rainy season, while Paraná cultivar was superior to the other cultivars in the crop in the dry season. In both growing periods, the harvest age of 150 DAT promoted higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability to sweet potato production.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a rentabilidade de cultivares de batata-doce, colhidas em diferentes idades e cultivadas em períodos distintos (chuvoso e seco) no município de Mossoró, semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e tratamentos arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas formadas por três cultivares de batata-doce (ESAM 1, Paraná e Mãe de Família) e as subparcelas por cinco idades de colheita (90, 105, 120, 135 e 150 dias após o transplantio ­ DAT). Avaliaram-se produtividade de raízes comerciais e custos de produção, assim como os indicadores econômicos: renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. Independentemente dos períodos de cultivo, a produtividade de raízes comerciais aumentou com a colheita mais tardia da cultura e diferenciou as cultivares. Os custos de produção foram em média da ordem de R$ 6.087,97 ha-1 no período chuvoso e R$ 6.181,42 ha-1 no período seco. As despesas com mão de obra foram as mais impactantes nas despesas totais. As cultivares ESAM 1 e Paraná apresentaram maiores produtividades de raízes comerciais e lucratividades quando cultivadas no período chuvoso, enquanto a Paraná foi superior as demais cultivares no cultivo na época seca. Em ambas as épocas de cultivo, a idade de colheita de 150 DAT promoveu maiores produtividades de raízes comerciais e rentabilidade à produção de batata-doce.

Field adaptation of sweet potato genotypes enriched of ß - carotene, in the state of Goiás / Adaptação no campo de genótipos de batata-doce enriquecidos de ß-caroteno, no estado de Goiás

Most sweet potato genotypes marketed in Brazil have white, yellow or cream pulp color with negligible carotenoid contents. The use of beta-carotene rich sweet potato materials may contribute to improve people welfare, especially those at critical nutritional conditions. The yield-related traits and marketable tuber quality of 10 beta-carotene biofortified (or not) sweet potato genotypes were assessed in a Brazilian Cerrado area. Differences for all traits were found, with some materials prevailing. However, four of them (CNPH 1190, CNPH 1206, CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310) showed good adaptability. CNPH 1210 had the highest yield (52.21 ton ha-1), 4.28 times higher than the Brazilian sweet potato average yield. CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310 had the highest tuber numbers and the most preferred mass class for consumers, and therefore, they furnished the best marketable genotypes. Nevertheless, the materials CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310 (both orange-fleshed sweet potatoes) stood out for tuber market quality. Our results may stimulate organized civil society efforts to improve the production and consumption of beta-carotene-rich sweet potato materials in municipalities in the Brazilian Cerrado.

A maioria dos genótipos de batata-doce comercializados no Brasil tem cor de polpa branca, amarela ou creme, com conteúdo desprezível de carotenóides. O uso de materiais de batata-doce ricos em beta-caroteno pode contribuir para melhorar o bem-estar das pessoas, especialmente aquelas em condições nutricionais críticas. Características relacionadas ao rendimento e a qualidade comercial dos tubérculos de 10 genótipos de batata-doce biofortificada (ou não) com beta-caroteno foram avaliadas em uma área do Cerrado brasileiro. Diferenças para todas as características foram encontradas, com alguns materiais predominantes. No entanto, quatro deles (CNPH 1190, CNPH 1206, CNPH 1210 e CNPH 1310) mostraram boa adaptabilidade. O CNPH 1210 teve o maior rendimento (52,21 ton ha-1), 4,28 vezes maior que o rendimento nacional médio da batata-doce brasileira. CNPH 1210 e CNPH 1310 tiveram o maior número de tubérculos e a classe de massamais preferida para os consumidores e, portanto, forneceram os melhores genótipos comercializáveis. Noentanto, os materiais CNPH 1210 e CNPH 1310 (ambos batata-doce de polpa alaranjada) destacaram-se pelaqualidade dos tubérculos comerciais. Nossos resultados podem estimular esforços da sociedade civil organizada para melhorar a produção e consumo de materiais de batata-doce ricos em beta-caroteno em municípios contidos no Cerrado brasileiro.

Nutritional composition and acceptance of cake elaborated with beauregard potato biofortified with carotenoids / Composição nutricional e aceitação de bolo elaborado com batata beauregard biofortificada com carotenoides

Beauregard biofortified sweet potato is a tuberous root with a high content of carotenoids whose consumption can bring beneficial effects on human health related to the biological actions of these substances. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptance of cake made with sweet potato biofortified with carotenoids by school children enrolled in a school of the municipal education network of the city of Teresina PI. The sweet cake containing biofortified potato (Beauregard) (PC) was compared with standard sweet wheat flour (WC) cake formulation. The PC and WC products and the Beauregard potato were analyzed for centesimal composition (moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) and total carotenoid content. Acceptance of PC was assessed by means of an acceptance test with a hedonic scale of five points applied to 100 children from 08 to 10 years of age. The evaluation of the centesimal composition showed protein content corresponding to 2.1% in WC and 3.57% in PC, and of lipids of 5.16% in WC and 8.95% inPC. Regarding the moisture content, WC presented 32.5% and PC 38.44%. The content of fixed minerals (ash) found in formulations was 1.9% and 1.26%, respectively, in WC and PC. The carotenoid content (µg of ß-carotene.g-1) was significantly higher (p <0.05) in the biofortified potato (3,200.01 ± 0.02) and in the PC formulations (3,666.17 ± 2.55) and WC (3,066.53 ± 1.88) for common sweet potatoes (2.200,23 ± 1.63). In the five-point facial hedonistic acceptance test, the formulation containing biofortified potato (PC) obtained a significantly higher score (p <0.05) (4.24 ± 0.93) when compared to the WC formulation (3.75 ± 1.19). The biofortified potato and the cake containing the biofortified potato presented some characteristics related to the centesimal composition similar to those found in WC and the content of carotenoids in PC larger than those of WC. Because sweet cake is a food product, generally well accepted by children and adults, PC's greateracceptance of WC suggests its promising potential for consumption by the population.

A batata-doce Beauregard biofortificada é uma raiz tuberosa com alto teor de carotenoides, cujo consumo pode trazer efeitos benéficos na saúde humana relacionados com as ações biológicas dessassubstâncias. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a aceitação de bolo elaborado com batata doce biofortificada com carotenoides por crianças em idade escolar matriculados em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Teresina PI. O bolo doce contendo batata biofortificada (Beauregard) (BB) foi comparado com formulação padrão de bolo doce de farinha de trigo (BT). Os produtos BB e BT e a batata Beauregard foram analisados quanto à composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos e carboidratos) e conteúdo de carotenóides totais. A aceitação do BB foi avaliada por meio de teste de aceitação com escala hedônica facial de cinco pontos aplicado em 100 crianças de 08 a 10 anos de idade. A avaliação da composição centesimal mostrou conteúdo protéico correspondendo 2,1% no BT e 3,57% no BB, e de lipídiosde 5,16% no BT e 8,95% no BB. Em relação ao teor de umidade, o BT apresentou 32,5% e BB 38,44%. O teor de minerais fixos (cinzas) encontrado nas formulações foi de 1,9% e 1,26%, respectivamente, no BT e BB. O conteúdo de carotenoides (µ g de ß-caroteno.g-1) foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) na batata biofortificada (3.200,01 ± 0,02) e nas formulações BB (3.666,17 ± 2,55) e BT (3.066,53 ± 1,88) em relação à Figure 1. Acceptance rate of Beauregard potato and wheat cake formulations.. batata doce comum (2.200,00 ± 1,63). No teste de aceitação escala hedonica facial de cinco pontos a formulação contendo batata biofortificada (BB) obteve nota significativamente maior (p<0,05) (4,24± 0,93) quando comparada com a formulação BT (3,75± 1,19). A batata biofortificada e o bolo contendo a batata biofortificada apresentaram algumas características relacionadas à composição centesimal semelhantes àquelas encontradas no BT e conteúdo de carotenoides no BB maiores que os do BT. Por ser o bolo doce um produto alimentício, de modo geral, bem aceito por crianças e adultos, a maior aceitação do BB em relação ao BT sugere seu potencial promissor para consumo pela população.

Preference of red mite Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) to sweet potato genotypes / Preferência do ácaro vermelho Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) por genótipos de batata-doce

Abstract Tetranychus ludeni damages the sweet potato. Pest development can vary between plant genotypes. The objective was to identify the preference of Tetranychus ludeni for Ipomoea batatas genotypes, from the germplasm bank at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Natural infestations of this mite were observed on 54 sweet potato genotypes in potted, in a greenhouse. Three mite-infested leafs of each genotype were collected and analyzed. The red mite showed different population density rate in genotypes. The BD 29 genotype was found to be highly susceptible, the BD 08, BD 57, BD 17 and Espanhola genotypes were moderately susceptible, and the others forty-nine genotypes showed low susceptibility to the mite.

Resumo Tetranychus ludeni danifica plantas de batata-doce. O desenvolvimento de pragas pode variar entre genótipos de plantas. O objetivo foi identificar a preferência de T. ludeni para genótipos de Ipomoea batatas do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Infestações naturais deste ácaro foram observadas em 54 genótipos de batata doce plantados em vasos e mantidos em estufa. Três folhas infestadas por ácaros, de cada genótipo, foram coletadas e analisadas. Tetranychus ludeni mostrou diferentes taxas de crescimento populacional entres os genótipos. O genótipo BD 29 foi altamente suscetível, os BD 08, BD 57, BD 17 e Espanhola foram moderadamente suscetíveis e os outros 49 genótipos mostraram baixa suscetibilidade ao ácaro.

Analysis of Obesity Intervention Programs in Adolescents: Focused on Endothelium Functions

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of obesity intervention programs, and its effects on endothelium function in adolescents. METHOD: This was a descriptive research study, that investigated domestic and international literature 2009–2018. Using databases inside and outside of Korea to search for ‘adolescent’, ‘obese adolescent’, ‘exercise’, ‘program’, or ‘intervention’, and ‘endothelium function’, a total of 14 literature have been selected for 6 domestic research and 8 international research, excluding overlapping, case studies, literature reviews, and unrelated studies. RESULTS: Interventions for enhancing endothelium function were exercise program, diet, vitamin D3 treatment, and Orlistat intake relative to international research, and combined exercise and purple sweet potato intake, in most domestic research. Dependent variables included FMD, RHI, NMD, EPCs, and EMPs, for measuring endothelium function in international research, and PWV, FMD and RHI, in domestic research. CONCLUSION: Results of this study confirmed that application of obese intervention programs, may improve endothelium function in adolescents. Further studies are required, to develop nursing intervention, that would enhance endothelium function in adolescents.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana fungi to Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) / Patogenicidade de fungos Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana ao Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The use of acaricides is the main control method for Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) in horticultural crops. This mite has been recorded causing damage to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). The use of pathogenic fungi is an alternative to chemical control. The objective was to evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Meetch) Sorok, and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to phytophagous mite T. ludeni in sweet potato plants. Conidial suspensions of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, at concentrations of 106 and 107 con.mL-1 were applied to sweet potato leaves. After 24 hours, five females of T. ludeni newly emerged were released on the leaves. The bioassay was arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 (two species of fungi and two concentrations) plus the control (distilled water), with 10 repetitions per treatment. The evaluation consisted of observing of three biological parameters of the mite: mortality, oviposition, and repellency, after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of contact with the fungi. The isolates of M. anisopliae cause high mortality rates of T. ludeni in laboratory. Beauveria bassiana has the potential to suppress future generations of mite, reducing its oviposition rate. Repellency behavior was not observed.(AU)

O uso de acaricidas é o principal método de controle de Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) em cultivos hortícolas. Esse ácaro foi registrado causando danos em batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.). A utilização de fungos patogênicos é uma alternativa ao controle químico. O objetivo foi avaliar a patogenicidade dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae (Meetch) Sorok. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. ao ácaro fitófago T. ludeni em batata-doce. Suspensões conidiais de M. anisopliae e B. bassiana, nas concentrações de 106 e 107 con.mL-1, foram aplicadas sobre folhas de batata-doce. Após 24 horas, cinco fêmeas recém-emergidas foram liberadas sobre as folhas. O bioensaio foi inteiramente randomizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 (duas espécies de fungos e duas concentrações) e controle (água destilada), com 10 replicações por tratamento. A avaliação consistiu na observação de três parâmetros biológicos do ácaro: mortalidade, oviposição e repelência, após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de contato com os fungos. Os isolados de M. anisopliae causam altas taxas de mortalidade de T. ludeni em laboratório. Beauveria bassiana tem potencial para suprimir futuras gerações do ácaro, reduzindo a taxa de oviposição. Comportamento de repelência nos ácaros não foi observado.(AU)

Potential inhibition of glycation and free radical scavenging activities of purple sweet potato extracts / Potencial inibição da glicação e sequestro de radicais livres de extratos de batata doce roxa

Purple sweet potato (PSP) contains antioxidant compounds and it can be used to prevent oxidative damage to cellular components of human body. The research purpose is to find out the potential of PSP extract on inhibiting glycation process and free radicals scavenging activities. Purple sweet potato was extracted using ethanol 25, 50, and 75% (PSP25, PSP50, PSP75) and then it was analyzed for free radical scavenging activities and antiglycation in forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs) using spectrophotometric method. Then all the collected data were examined with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The results showed that PSP extract has antioxidant activities and antiglycation properties.Based on IC50 values, PSP75 extract has a lower IC50 value compared to PSP25 and PSP50 (P <0.05) and has better activity in scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. This potentiality was shown by the IC50 value of each PSP extract. The value of IC50 of scavenging DPPH radical acitivity for PSP25, PSP50, PSP75 extracts was respectively 281.08, 254.94, and 241.30 µg/mL. The value of IC50 scavenging hydroxyl radicals was respectively 1.03, 088, and 0,79 mg/mL, and the IC50 value of scavenging radicals of superoxide anion was respectively 1.10, 0.97, and 0.82 mg/mL. The absorbance value of PSP75 in the BNT test and Fluorescence intensity are lower than PSP25 and PSP50, so that PSP75 extract is better at inhibiting glycation reaction.It can be concluded that the PSP extract has the potential in the inhibition of the glycation reaction and in the activity of elimination of free radicals (DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals).

Batata-doce roxa (PSP) contém compostos antioxidantes e pode ser usada para prevenir o dano oxidativo aos componentes celulares do corpo humano. O objetivo da pesquisa é descobrir o potencial do extrato de PSP na inibição do processo de glicação e atividades de eliminação de radicais livres. A batata-doce roxa foi extraída usando etanol 25, 50 e 75% (PSP25, PSP50, PSP75) e, em seguida, foi analisada quanto a atividades de eliminação de radicais livres e antiglicação na formação de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs) usando método espectrofotométrico. Em seguida, todos os dados coletados foram examinados com uma análise de variância simples (one-way ANOVA) (p <0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o extrato de PSP possui atividade antioxidante e propriedades antiglicantes. O extrato de PSP75 apresentou a maior atividade de eliminação dos radicais DPPH, hidroxila e superóxido significativamente maiores (P <0,05) que os extratos PSP25 e PSP50. Esta potencialidade foi demonstrada pelo valor de IC50 de cada extrato de PSP. O valor de IC50 da atividade de eliminação do radical DPPH para os extractos PSP25, PSP50, PSP75 foi respectivamente de 281,08, 254,94 e 241,30 g/mL. O valor IC50 dos sequestrantes dos radicais hidroxila foi, respectivamente, de 1,03, 088 e 0,79 mg/mL, e o valor de IC50 dos radicais sequestrantes do superóxido foi, respectivamente, 1,10, 0,97 e 0,82 mg/mL. Como antiglicante, o extrato de PSP75 tem uma capacidade melhor do que PSP25 e PSP50 em inibir produtos de AGEs. Pode-se concluir que o extrato etanólico PSP75 possui alta atividade antioxidante e potencial como antiglicante.

Ornamental potential of sweet potato accessions / Potencial ornamental de acessos de batata-doce

Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a multipurpose plant due to the different uses for its roots, leaves, and branches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ornamental potential of sweet potato accessions from the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. The morphological characterization and evaluation of the ornamental potential used five accessions with distinct leaf shape (CNPH 980, CNPH 1205, CNPH 895, CNPH 796, CNPH 1284) and 12 qualitative and quantitative descriptors [plant type (PT), leaf lobe type (LLT), immature leaf color (ILC), leaf lobe number (LLN), branch color (BC), shape of central leaf lobe (SCLL), petiole pigmentation (PP), mature leaf size (MLS), mature leaf color (MLC), leaf shape (LS), branch yield (BY), and root yield (RY)]. In the evaluation of the ornamental potential, each criterion was scored from 10 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). Leaf lobe number was the trait that pleased the evaluators the most, and the greater the number of lobes, the greater was the ornamental potential. CNPH 980, CNPH 1205, and CNPH 1284 stood out for this trait. CNPH 1284 (almost divided leaf type) had the greatest score and was considered, by the evaluators, as the accession with the most harmonious aesthetics, indicating a great ornamental potential for the consumer market. All accessions studied presented considerable ornamental potential and could be used in floral arrangements or garden beds.

A batata-doce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] é uma planta com diferentes aptidões de uso das suas raízes, folhas e hastes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial ornamental de acessos de batata-doce oriundas do banco de germoplasma mantidos na Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF, Brasil. Para a caracterização morfológica e avaliação do potencial ornamental, foram escolhidos cinco acessos com formatos de folhas diferentes (CNPH 980, CNPH 1205, CNPH 895, CNPH 796, CNPH 1284) e utilizados doze descritores qualitativos e quantitativos [tipo de planta (TP), tipo de lóbulo da folha (TLF), cor da folha imatura (CFI), número de lóbulos por folha (NLF), cor das ramas (CR), formato do lóbulo central (FLC), pigmento no pecíolo (PP), tamanho da folha madura (TFM), cor da folha madura (CFM), formato da folha (FF), produção de ramas (BY) e produção de raízes (RY)]. Na avaliação do potencial ornamental, cada critério foi pontuado por meio de notas variando de 10 (mínimo) a 100 (máximo). A característica número de lóbulos da folha foi a que mais agradou os avaliadores. Observou-se que quanto mais lóbulos, maior o potencial ornamental, sendo que os acessos CNPH 980, CNPH 1205 e CNPH 1284 se destacaram para essa característica. CNPH 1284, com folhas no formato quase dividido, obteve a maior nota e foi considerado como o acesso com a estética mais harmoniosa, indicando grande potencial ornamental para o mercado consumidor, na opinião dos avaliadores. Os cinco acessos estudados apresentaram considerável potencial ornamental, podendo ser usados como forragem, complementos para arranjos florais ou como jardineiras.