Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified with oral manifestation: a case report / Linfoma periférico de células T no especificado con manifestación oral: reporte de caso

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified it is a rare type of Non-Hodgkin t-cells malignant tumor whose oral manifestations are difficult to diagnose. A case of a 48-year-old male with a hemi-maxillary lesion histological and immunohistochemically compatible with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma not otherwise specified is presented. A case of a 48-year-old male with a hemi-maxillary lesion histological and immunohistochemically compatible with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma not otherwise specified is presented. The patient treatment consisted of chemotherapy, but after the second cycle, died from immunosuppressive complications. Early stage diagnosis of oral lesions is imperative to avoid aggressive treatment and low overall survival rate of such pathologies.

Introducción: El linfoma periférico de células T no especificado es un tipo raro de tumor maligno no Hodgkin de células T cuyas manifestaciones orales son difíciles de diagnosticar. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 48 años con lesión hemimaxilar histológica e inmunohistoquímicamente compatible con linfoma periférico de células T no especificado. El tratamiento del paciente consistió en quimioterapia, pero después del segundo ciclo, falleció por complicaciones inmunosupresoras. El diagnóstico temprano de las lesiones orales es imperativo para evitar un tratamiento agresivo y la baja tasa de supervivencia.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: Frequency and distribution in a tertiary referral center in South India.

Background and Aim: Peripheral T/NK-cell lymphomas are uncommon types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with a higher frequency in Far East countries as compared to the West. This study was undertaken to ascertain the frequency and distribution pattern of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) diagnosed in a tertiary care center in South India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore. The time period was for 2 years from 1 st January 2008 till 31st December 2009. All PTCLs were reviewed and classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification. Results: Of a total of 1032 cases of NHL, 180 cases were PTCL, which accounted for 17.4% cases of all the NHLs. Of these, PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) was the most common subtype (48 cases, 26.1%), followed by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (41 cases, 22.8%), mycosis fungoides (21 cases, 11.7%), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (16 cases, 8.9%), subcutaneous panniculitis like T-cell lymphoma (15 cases, 8.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (12 cases, 6.7%), and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (10 cases, 5.6%). The most common primary site of presentation was nodal accounting for 42% followed by cutaneous (34%), upper aerodigestive sites (8.9%), spleen (6.7%), and gastrointestinal tract (GIT; 3.3%). Conclusions: This is the largest single study on PTCLs in India and we document that its frequency is higher than that reported in Western literature and previous Indian studies and almost similar to that reported in some Far East studies. The frequency of mycosis fungoides, subcutaneous panniculitis like T-cell lymphoma, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma was higher than that reported in the World literature and previous Indian studies. The frequency of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma was much lower than that reported in the Far East literature.

Sinusite complicada ou algo mais? Relato de caso / Complicated sinusitis or something else? Case report.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O linfoma periférico de células NK e T tipo nasal é de difícil diagnóstico, em se considerando vários aspectos tais como a relativa raridade da doença, diversidade dos achados clínicos, necessidade de exames complementares sofisticados, amostras adequa­das para biópsia e, ainda, um confuso padrão morfológico celular. Este cenário propicia retardo de tempo para obten­ção do diagnóstico final, tempo este precioso, em se consi­derando a agressividade e refratariedade aos tratamentos. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um caso deste tipo de linfoma "mascarado" por sinusite e que, ainda com trata­mento instituído, motivou o óbito do paciente. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 22 anos, apresentando sinusite havia seis meses sem resposta ao tra­tamento com antibióticos e procedimentos cirúrgicos com biópsia. Internado na enfermaria de Clínica Médica, devi­do a persistência de sintomas sugestivos de sinusite crônica, apresentando edema periorbitário à direita, lesão ulcerada na hemiface direita e ausência de linfonodos. Os exames de imagem foram compatíveis com sinusite e biópsia prévia demonstrou processo inflamatório inespecífico, sem células atípicas. Foi realizado ultra-sonografia (US) de abdômen que demonstrou hepatoesplenomegalia. O paciente apresentou pneumonia nosocomial, hemorragia digestiva alta piora da função renal e hepática; após o resultado do exame ­anatomopatológico da biópsia de pele compatível com linfoma, foi iniciado tratamento com imunossupressor, porém sem resposta adequada e consequente evolução ao óbito. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce do linfoma periférico de células NK e T tipo nasal a despeito de sua raridade é de extrema relevância pela necessidade de tratamento precoce.

Bilateral peripheral T-cell lymphoma of breast: a case report.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the breast is uncommon and the bilateral involvement is extremely rare. Usually, primary breast lymphoma is of B-cell phenotype, most common subtype being the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Preoperative differentiation of lymphoma from carcinoma is essential and limited material can pose diagnostic problem unless the index of suspicion is high. Twenty six year old pregnant lady, presented with bilateral breast lumps with a clinical impression of carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) followed by biopsy of the breast mass was performed and a diagnosis of NHL, peripheral T-cell type (not otherwise specified) was made. She received 8 cycles of CHOP chemotherapy and showed dramatic improvement with regression of bilateral breast masses. She had an uneventful normal delivery and both the mother and the child are doing well. Since FNAC is a primary diagnostic tool for all breast lesions, a differential of lymphoma should always be kept in mind in all poorly differentiated malignant tumours. Such cases need biopsy confirmation and immunophenotyping for further sub-typing.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma obscured by concomitant florid epithelioid cell granulomatous reaction--a case report.

Epithelioid cell granuloma occurs in association with many neoplasms including lymphoma. However they have rarely obscured the microscopic features of a lymphoma. We report on a case where a florid epithelioid cell granulomatous reaction caused difficulty in interpretation and delayed the final diagnosis of a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma of the angioimmunoblastic type. We draw attention to this unusual phenomenon because of its practical implications.

Linfomas B y T: diagnóstico inmunofenotípico de los linfomas no hodgkinianos / B-and T-lymphomas: immunophenotypical diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Los linfomas no hodgkinianos son neoplasias linfoides que pueden presentar fenotipo de células B ó T; las de tipo B son más frecuentes, mientras que los linfomas de tipo T tienen peor pronóstico y por lo general son más agresivos. En el ámbito internacional, la sobrevida de estas enfermedades es de aproximadamente 5 años, y en nuestro país se encuentran entre las 10 primeras causas de cáncer en ambos sexos, con prevalencia ligeramente mayor en el sexo masculino (1,3:1). Se destaca además, entre algunos aspectos, la importancia del estudio inmunofenotípico para determinar la naturaleza de estos procesos neoplásicos y distinguir entre enfermedad de Hodgkin, linfomas no hodgkinianos e infiltraciones por otros procesos linfoides, también para poder establecer factores pronósticos y de progresión en estos desórdenes linfoproliferativos.