Evaluación de la flora fungica del ambiente del archivo general del Estado Sucre Venezuela / Evaluation of the fungic flora of the atmosphere of the general archives of the Sucre State Venezuela

Los agentes fúngicos son capaces de descomponer materia orgánica como madera, papel, pintura, suelo, polvo, alimentos. Pueden ocasionar deterioro de material bibliográfico , texto, mobiliario, pinturas, igualmente causan enfermedades de tipo alérgico. El Archivo General del Estado Sucre es un centro de consulta e investigación donde se encuentran documentos y otros textos que se han ido dañando a través del tiempo; las condiciones de almacenamiento de un área con deficiencias estructurales y ambientales, favorecen el desarrollo de hongos, causando el deterioro dl material bibliográfico. Se realizaó una investigación para evaluar la flora fúngica tanto del mobiliario como documentos y textos existentes, que se servirá de base para un futuro plan de conservación y restauración. Utilizando el método de sedimentación en placa conteniendo Agar Sabouraud Dextrosa, se expusieron 60 placas durante 15 minutos en diferentes secciones del área de estudio, incubándose 10 días a temperatura ambiente. Se aislaron 86 colonias que se caracterizaron macro y microcóspicamente. Los géneros aislados fueron: Aspergillus (38,46%), Fusarium (21,70%), Curcularia (16,76%), Cladosporium (12,76%), Penicillium (10,32%), los cuales han sido descritos como contaminantes habituales de libros o textos, mobiliarios, pinturas, además capaces de causar reacciones alérgicas de tipo respiratorios resultando un riesgo para el material bibliográfico, usuarios y personal de la institución.

The fungies agents are able to disturb organics material as wood, paper, paint, ground, drust, foods they can produce deterioration of bibliographycal material, texts, house-hold goods, paintings, and equally they cause disease of alergic type. The general archives of Sucre state is a consulting center and investigation where it is found historic documents and another texts which have been damaging throuth the time, the conditions of storing in an area with estructural deficiencis and environment improve the development of fungies causing the depreciation of bibliographycal material. An investigation was done to evaluate the fingis flora as the house-hold godos, as the existen documents and texts, that it would serve the base to desing the future plan of conservation and restauration. Using the method of sedimentation in plaque containing Agar Sabouraud Dextrosa, 60 plaques were exposed during 15 minutes in different sections of study area, incubating 10 days at atmosphere temperatura. 86 colonies were isolated that were characterized macro and microcospyly. The aislated fungic species were: Aspegillus (35,46%), Fusarium (21,70%), Curvalaria (16,76%), Cladosporium (12,76%), Penicillium (10,32%), which have been described as usual contaminating of book o texts, house-hold godos, paintings, in addiction to this they are able to cuse alergic rections of respiratory type, resulting a risk to the bibliographycal material, usuaries and personal of the institution.

Effects of gamma radiation, temperature and water activity on the production of alternaria mycotoxins

The natural occurrence of Alternaria alternata and of the principal Alternaria mycotoxins was determined in different food and feed products. The effects of gamma radiation, temperature and water activity [aw] on the production of these mycotoxins on wheat grains were also investigated. All samples of wheat, rice, peanut oil cake, sorghum, sunflower oil cake, yellow corn barley, wheat bran, poultry feed and cotton seed cake were infected by A. alternate. Seventy four out of 120 food and feed samples were contaminated by 2 to 5 A. alternata mycotoxin. The largest contamination was found in wheat with 2.3, 1.9, 1.7, 1.5 and 0.7 mg/kg, respectively, of alternariol [AOH] alternariol methyl ether [AME], altertoxin-I [AIX] altenuene [ALT] and tenuazonic acid [TA]. Forty-one out of 58 isolates of A. alternata produced large concentrations of mycotoxins on wheat grains. Both temperature and aw affected production of mycotoxins by A. alternata in wheat grain