Effects of morphine, buprenorphine, pentazocine and nalorphine on acquisition and extinction of active avoidance responses in rats.

The effects of subcutaneous administration of morphine, buprenorphine, pentazocine and nalorphine were studied at two dose levels in rats (low dose x 10 and high dose x 20 of equivalent human dose) on the performance of active avoidance responses using a shuttle box. Pretraining injections of both doses of pentazocine and low dose nalorphine impaired acquisition on day 1 and day 2. Morphine and buprenorphine (at both dose levels) and high dose nalorphine did not affect the acquisition process. Post-training administration of morphine (high dose) and buprenorphine (both doses) delayed extinction of active avoidance responses. Low dose of morphine, high dose of pentazocine and both doses of nalorphine did not appreciably affect the extinction process. Mu opioid receptor agonists probably act as reinforcers to facilitate memory.

Peripheral modulation of pain in conscions guinea pigs: effect of morphine nalorphine and clonidine

Morphine and nalorphine were shown to have a peripheral effect on conscious guinea pigs, producing a decrease in the vocalization response to noxious electrical stimulation. Naloxone antagonized the effect of morphine and nalorphine. Locally administered clonidine had a peripheral effect on conscious guinea pigs, producing a decrease in the vocalization response to noxious electrical stimulation. The peripheral analgesia of clonidine was antagonized by yohimbine and naloxone. The analgesic effect clonidine was 250-300 times more potent than that of lidocaine. It is suggested that alfa2-adrenergic receptor agonists may active enkephalin-like substances released at the peripheral level

Antagonista-agonista de opiáceo após morfina peridural / Opiate antagonist-agonist after peridural morphine

Utilizamos antagonista agonista do opiáceo, nalorfina 10 30/microng. kg-1, no tratamento do prurido, náuseas e vômitos e retençäo urinária, quando se tornaram insuportáveis, após 2 mg de morfina peridural pós-operatória, havendo melhora dos sintomas, näo ocorrendo regressäo da analgesia espinhal

Clinical Observation of Thalamonal-N2O-O2 Anesthesia for Neurosurgical Patients / 대한마취과학회지

We have studied 20 neurosurgical patients who had clear consciousness with Thalamonal- N2O-O2 anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia consisted of the intravenous injection of Thalamonal (one ml injection of Thalamonal at one to two minute intervals), and administration of N2O-O2 (4: 2 L/min) in a semiclosed circle absorber system, and maintaining anesthesia with intermittent injections of Thalamonal and N2O-O2 (2:1 L/min) inhalation. At the end of operation, we observed the change of respiratoty parameters after reversal of Thalamonal effect with nalorphine by Wright spirometer. The results were as follows; 1) Average induction dose of Thalamonal was l. 23 ml/10 kg, and average dose of Thalamonal for maintenance of anesthesia was 0. 125 ml/10 kg/30 min. (mean anesthetic time: 3 hours 29 minutes) 2) During induction, change of blood pressure was significant (P0.05). 3) Woody chest (4 cases among 20) and hypotension (1 case among 20) were observed during induction. 4) After reversal of Thalamonal effect with nalorphine, changes of respiratory rate (P 0.05) 5) After discontinuation of N2O, seventeen cases among 20 recovered promptly, and the recovery was delayed in the remainder. Most delayed case recovered about 6 hours after the end of operation was due to overdose. Therefore Thalamonal is a suitable anesthetic agent for neurosurgical patients.

Thalamonal-N2O-O2 Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

Orthopedic surgery was performed under Thalamonal-N2O-O2 anesthesia by an intravenous injection of a small dose of Thalamonal and N2O inhalation. Respiratory rate was compared before and after intravenous administration of nalorphine at the end of operation. From 22 cases, the following results were obtained: 1) Average dose of Thalamonal during induction of anesthesia was 1.67ml/10kg. During induction, rigidity of chest wall developed in 5 cases, 2) Intermittent injections of Thalamonal for maintenance of anesthesia were needed at. each 43. 8 min. interval, and average dose of Thalamonal was 0. 013 ml/kg/30min. 3) After injection of nalorphine, average rate of respiration per minute increased from 15. 1 to 21. 1(39. 9%) 4) 21 cases among 22 cases recovered promptly after discontinuation of N2O, and recovery was delayed in 1 case. Self extubation was seen in 3 cases.

Clinical Study of Thalamonal-Pentothal-N2O-O2 Anesthesia in Geriatrics / 대한마취과학회지

We have introduced a method of intermittent injections of thalamonal and concomitant use of small doses of pentothal for rapid and smooth loss of consciousness and induction of anesthesia, and maintaining anesthesia with intermittent injections of thalamonal and pancuronium bromide as well as N2O inhalation. From 20 geriatric patients, the following results were obtained. 1) Average dose of thalamonal during induction of anesthesia was 0.75+/-0.28ml/10kg and that of pentothal was l. 77+/-0. 44 ml/kg. The maintenance of anesthesia was achieved by the intermittent injection of thalamonal; the average dose was 0.118+/-. 0.08 ml/10 kg/30 min. 2) During induction, the average decrease of systolic blood pressure was 22. 5 mmHg (P0. 1). 3) During induction, 3 cases among 20 showed moderate chest rigidity and 4 cases showed hypotension. The hypotension may be due to the additive effect of pentothal and droperidol. 4) At the end of operation, after the administration of 510 mg nalorphine, the respiratory rate increased from 13. 8/min to 19. 3/min (P <0. 01). 5) 18 cases among 20 recovered promptly after discontinuation of N2O inhalation with delay in 2 cases. Postoperatively one person complained of nausea and a small dose of narcotic pain control was needed in 3 persons.

On the Effect of Morphine Hydrochloride on the Mesenteric Mast cells of Albino Rats

Histological studies were carried out on the degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of white rats caused by injections of morphine and nalorphine hydrochloride intravenously and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. By the injection of morphine hydrochloride fairly significant degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was observed. 2. In various experimental doses of morphine hydrochloride the cytological change of the degranulation was not proportional to the doses of it in cases given more than 12mg./kg. of body weight. 3. The degranulating effect of the mesenteric mast cell by the injection of morphine hydrochloride was significantly inhibited by an adrenalectomy.