Effects of nandrolone decanoate on femur morphology. Experimental study

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the immediate and late effects of nandrolone on femur morphology of rats. Methods Twenty-eight animals with 20 weeks of age were divided into four groups: C28, control animals that were euthanized eight weeks after the experiment started; C40, control animals euthanized 20 weeks after the experiment started; T28, treated animals receiving nandrolone during eight weeks and euthanized immediately after the treatment period; and T40, animals treated during eight weeks and euthanized 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. Treated animals received nandrolone decanoate during eight weeks and control groups received peanut oil by intramuscular injection. After euthanasia, femurs were removed, dissected, weighted and measured by digital pachymeter. Results The T40 group presented an increase on distal epiphysis diameter when compared to C40 group. There was no difference between treated and control groups in relation to body and femur absolute weight, relative weight and length of femur. There was also no difference in relation to diameter of proximal epiphysis and diameter of diaphysis among the groups. Conclusions Nandrolone decanoate does not produce significant effect on femur, exception on its distal extremity at late period. The effects of such drug may depend on the time after administration.

Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of nandrolone decanoate on fracture healing and bone quality in normal rats. Methods: Male rats were assigned to four groups (n=28/group): Control group consisting of animals without any intervention, Nandrolone decanoate (DN) group consisting of animals that received intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate, Fracture group consisting of animals with a fracture at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, and Fracture and nandrolone decanoate group consisting of animals with a femur fracture and treatment with nandrolone decanoate. Fractures were created at the mid-diaphysis of the right femur by a blunt trauma and internally fixed using an intramedullary steel wire. The DN was injected intramuscularly twice per week (10 mg/kg of body mass). The femurs were measured and evaluated by densitometry and mechanical resistance after animal euthanasia. The newly formed bone and collagen type I levels were quantified in the callus. Results: The treated animals had longer femurs after 28 days. The quality of the intact bone was not significantly different between groups. The bone callus did show a larger mass in the treated rats. Conclusion: The administration of nandrolone decanoate did not affect the quality of the intact bone, but might have enhanced the bone callus formation.

Impact of chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroids and taurine on blood pressure in rats

Supraphysiological administration of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to increased blood pressure. The widely distributed amino acid taurine seems to be an effective depressor agent in drug-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of chronic high dose administration of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) and taurine on blood pressure in rats and to verify the potentially involved mechanisms. The study was conducted in 4 groups of 8 adult male Wistar rats, aged 14 weeks, treated for 12 weeks with: DECA (A group); vehicle (C group); taurine (T group), or with both drugs (AT group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at the beginning of the study (SBP1), 2 (SBP2) and 3 months (SBP3) later. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma end products of nitric oxide metabolism (NOx) were also determined. SBP3 and SBP2 were significantly increased compared to SBP1 only in the A group (P<0.002 for both). SBP2, SBP3 and ACE activity showed a statistically significant increase in the A vs C (P<0.005), andvs AT groups (P<0.05), while NOx was significantly decreased in the A and AT groups vs controls (P=0.01). ACE activity was strongly correlated with SBP3 in the A group (r=0.71, P=0.04). These findings suggest that oral supplementation of taurine may prevent the increase in SBP induced by DECA, an effect potentially mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on spermatogenesis in Wistar rats with and without physical training / Efectos del decanoato de nandrolona sobre la espermatogénesis en ratas Wistar con y sin entrenamiento físico

Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are artificial testosterone analogues, used as medicine in chronic diseases, because they increase protein synthesis generating muscle hypertrophy. Its effect has caught the attention of athletes and gym users, thus their consumption has become epidemic, due to easy marketing, the immediate results and the false impression that it doesn't carry health risks. Such risks may globally harm the body. This study aims to investigate the influence on spermatogenesis of using nandrolone decanoate with or without physical training. Twenty-four rats, divided into four groups were used: sedentary group (SG), sedentary on steroids group (SSG), trained group (TG) and trained on steroids group (TSG). The animals were trained on voluntary exercise wheel twice a week during 12 weeks, and were subsequently euthanized by decapitation. Groups TSG and SSG received intramuscular injections of 5 mg / kg of the AAS. It was found that there was a greater cellularity in TSG, suggesting interference between androgen therapy and physical training on the mount of cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Comparing the TSG group with the SG, it is noticed that the physical training associated with the use of steroid tends to affect cell division without compromise, however, the number of spermatogonia, did not significantly vary compared to the control group. Finally, it seems that there was no significant statistical difference among the groups in terms of spermatogenesis yield, so that can not be said that the use of nandrolone decanoate, with or without the physical training, interfere with fertility.

Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) son análogos de testosterona artificiales, utilizados como medicina en las enfermedades crónicas, ya que aumentan la síntesis de proteínas generando hipertrofia muscular. Su efecto ha llamado la atención de atletas y usuarios de gimnasios, por lo que su consumo se ha convertido en epidemia, debido a la comercialización fácil, los resultados inmediatos y la falsa impresión de que no conllevan riesgos para la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de utilizar decanoato de nandrolona con o sin entrenamiento físico sobre la espermatogénesis. Se utilizaron 24 ratas, divididas en cuatro grupos: entrenado (GE), entrenado en esteroides (GEE), sedentario en esteroides (GSE) y sedentario (GS). Los grupos GEE y GSE recibieron inyecciones intramusculares de 5 mg/kg de la EAA. Los animales fueron entrenados con ejercicio voluntario en la rueda de correr dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Luego, los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitación. Se encontró que hubo una mayor celularidad en GEE, lo que sugiere la interferencia entre la terapia con andrógenos y entrenamiento físico en la cantidad de células en el epitelio seminífero. Comparando el grupo GEE con el GS, se observa que el entrenamiento físico asociado con el uso de esteroides tiende a afectar a la división celular sin comprometerla, sin embargo, el número de espermatogonias, no varió significativamente en comparación con el grupo control. Finalmente, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en términos de rendimiento de la espermatogénesis, por lo que no se puede decir que el uso del decanoato de nandrolona, con o sin el entrenamiento físico, interfiere con la fertilidad.

Morphometric study of the corpus cavernosum after anabolic androgenic steroid administration in pubertal and adult rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the penile morphological modifications of pubertal and adult rats chronically treated with supra-physiological doses of anabolic androgenic steroids. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: two control groups, 105- and 65-day-old (C105 and C65, respectively) injected with peanut oil (vehicle); and two treated groups, 105- and 65-day-old (T105 and T65, respectively) injected with nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg Kg-1 of body weight. The rats were injected once a week for eight weeks. The rats were then killed and their penises were processed for histomorphometric analyses. The mean of each parameter was statistically compared. RESULTS: A corpus cavernosum reduction of 12.5% and 10.9% was observed in the T105 and T65 groups, respectively, when compared with their respective control groups. The cavernosum smooth muscle surface density diminished by 5.6% and 12.9% in the T65 and T105 groups, respectively, when compared with their controls. In contrast, the sinusoidal space increased by 17% in the T105 group and decreased by 9.6% in the T65 group. CONCLUSION: The use of supra-physiological doses of AAS promotes structural changes in the rat penis, by altering the proportions of corpus cavernosum tissues, in both pubertal and adult treated animals. .

Effects of anabolic steroid treatment associated with physical training in adipose tissue of male Wistar rats / Efeito do tratamento com anabolizante associado com atividade física no tecido adiposo de ratos machos Wistar

Anabolic androgenic-steroids (AAS) include a broad class of synthetic derivatives of testosterone, being nandrolone decanoate the most widely used in sports environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate in sedentary and trained adult male rats. We established four experimental groups: sedentary control, sedentary treated, trained control and trained treated. The training had consisted of running on a treadmill for nine weeks. Treated animals received intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate (0.5 mg kg-1) during the last four weeks of physical training. The training time as the drug used were not sufficient to significantly reduce body weight gain, but caused a significative decrease on diameter of adipocytes and in the amount of adipose tissue stored, as well as decreased the plasma levels of glucose and total cholesterol.

Os esteróides anabólicos androgênios incluem uma ampla classe de derivados sintéticos da testosterona, sendo o decanoato de nandrolona um dos mais utilizados no meio esportivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos metabólicos desse anabolizante esteróide em ratos machos adultos sedentários e treinados. Foram estabelecidos quatro grupos experimentais: sedentário controle, sedentário tratado, treinado controle e treinado tratado. O treinamento consistiu de corrida em esteira ergométrica durante nove semanas. Os animais tratados receberam injeção intramuscular de decanoato de nandrolona (0.5 mg kg-1) durante as quatro últimas semanas de treinamento físico. Tanto o tempo de treinamento, quanto a dose de anabolizante utilizado não foi eficiente para reduzir significativamente o ganho de peso corporal, mas causou reduções significativas no diâmetro dos adipócitos e na quantidade de tecido adiposo armazenado, assim como diminuiu os valores plasmáticos de glicose e de colesterol total.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on the viability of muscle satellite cells during the differentiation process / Influencia del anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona en la viabilidad de las células satélites musculares en el proceso de diferenciación / Influência do anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona sobre a viabilidade de células satélites musculares em processo de diferenciação

Studies indicate that the anabolic nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin(r)) can modulate cell cycle regulation, but little is known about its effects on muscle cells. Anabolic steroids are used, especially by athletes, to improve muscle mass and performance in the practice of exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the anabolic Deca-Durabolin(r) on the proliferation of skeletal muscle precursor cells C2C12. Cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), being supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and subjected to differentiation by the addition of 2% horse serum. They were incubated with anabolic at concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM. The groups that received no anabolic or vehicle served as controls. The viability (proliferation) was evaluated by the MTT method (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Thiazolyl blue) after one, three and five days of incubation. Three independent experiments were performed in each of the mentioned conditions, and the results were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of p≤0.05 (ANOVA/Dunnett). Results showed no difference in viability between muscle cells treated with anabolic and the control cultures in all parameters. In conclusion, nandrolone, at the used concentrations, was not able to alter the viability of muscle C2C12 satellite cells...

Se utilizan los anabolizantes, en particular por atletas con el objetivo de aumentar la masa muscular y mejoría del desempeño. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del anabolizante Deca- Durabolin(r) sobre la viabilidad (proliferación) de las células satélites musculares C2C12 inducidas a la diferenciación, imitando el proceso de reparación tras una lesión. Las células fueron cultivadas en medio Eagle modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM) suplementado con 10% de suero fetal bovino (SFB) y sometidas a diferenciación mediante la adición de 2% de suero de caballo y, simultáneamente, incubadas con el anabolizante en las concentraciones de 5 , 10 , 25 y 50 µM. En los grupos que no recibieron el anabolizante, ni el vehículo sirvió como controle . La viabilidad (proliferación) se evaluó después de uno, tres y cinco días, utilizando el método de MTT (3 - [4,5 - dimetiltriazol - 2 - il ] -2,5 difeniltetrazolio) . Se realizaron tres experimentos independientes, en cada condición citada, y los resultados sometidos al análisis estadístico con nivel de significación de p≤0,05% (ANOVA/Dunnett). Los resultados permitieron verificar que no hubo diferencia en la viabilidad entre células musculares tratadas con anabolizante e inducidas a diferenciación y culturas de controles que sólo fueron inducidas a diferenciación en todos los parámetros evaluados. En conclusión, el anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona, en las concentraciones evaluadas, no fue capaz de alterar la viabilidad de células musculares C2C12 durante el proceso de diferenciación...

Os anabolizantes são utilizados, especialmente por atletas, com o intuito de aumento da massa muscular e melhora do desempenho. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do anabolizante Deca-Durabolin(r) sobre a viabilidade (proliferação) de células satélites musculares C2C12 induzidas à diferenciação, mimetizando o processo de reparo após lesão. As células foram cultivadas em Meio Eagle Modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM) suplementado com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) e submetidas à diferenciação pela adição de 2% de soro de cavalo e concomitantemente incubadas com o anabolizante nas concentrações de 5, 10, 25 e 50 µM. Os grupos que não receberam o anabolizante nem o veículo serviram como controle. A viabilidade (proliferação) foi avaliada após um, três e cinco dias, utilizando o método de MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltriazol-2-il]-2,5 difeniltetrazólio). Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, em cada condição citada, e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística com nível de significância de p≤0,05% (ANOVA/Dunnet). Os resultados permitiram verificar que não houve diferença na viabilidade entre células musculares tratadas com o anabolizante e induzidas à diferenciação e as culturas controles que somente foram induzidas à diferenciação, em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Em conclusão, o anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona, nas concentrações avaliadas, não foi capaz de alterar a viabilidade de células musculares C2C12 durante o processo de diferenciação...

The prostate after administration of anabolic androgenic steroids: a morphometrical study in rats

Purpose Many adverse effects have been associated with abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), including disorders of the urogenital tract. The objective of this study is to analyze the morphological modifications in the prostate ventral lobe of pubertal and adult rats chronically treated with AAS, using morphometric methods. Materials and Methods: We studied 39 male Wistar rats weighing between 400 g and 550 g. The rats were divided into four groups: (a) control rats, with 105 days of age (C105) (n = 7); (b) control rats with 65 days of age (C65) (n = 9), injected only with the vehicle (peanut oil); (c) treated rats, with 105 days of age (T105) (n = 10) and (d) treated rats with 65 days of age (T65) (n = 13). The treated rats were injected with nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg.Kg-1 body weight. The steroid hormone and the vehicle were administered by intramuscular injection once a week for eight weeks. The rats were killed at 161 days of age (C105 and T105) and 121 days of age (C65 and T65) and the ventral prostate lobe was dissected and processed for histology. The height of the acinar epithelium, the surface densities of the lumen, epithelium and stroma were observed with X400 magnification using an Olympus light microscope coupled to a Sony CCD video camera, and the images transferred to a Sony monitor KX14-CP1. The selected histological areas were then quantified using the M42 test-grid system on the digitized fields. The data were analyzed with the Graphpad software. To compare the quantitative data in both groups (controls and treated) and the outcomes, Student's t-test was used (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: The weight (p < 0.001) and volume (p = 0.004) of the prostate ventral lobe showed differences between C65 and T65 groups and between C105 and T105 groups. The epithelium height showed no difference between groups C65 and T65 (p = 0.8509), but the T105 group showed an increase of 32% compared ...

Testis morphophysiology of rats treated with nandrolone decanoate and submitted to physical training / Morfofisiologia testicular de ratos tratados com decanoato de nandrolona e submetidos ao treinamento físico

The mammalian testis is a complex organ with endocrine and exocrine functions. It consists of seminiferous tubules where the production of the male gametes called spermatogenesis occurs. This process is influenced by a number of factors including the use of physical performance-enhancing drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on the morphofunctional structure of testes in sedentary rats and rats subjected to moderate aerobic exercise training. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four experimental groups: sedentary control, sedentary treated, trained control and trained treated.The training lasted eight weeks and consisted of running on a programmable ergometer treadmill, tailored to train eight rats simultaneously. Treated animals received intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate (0.5 mg kg-1 body weight) during the last four weeks of physical training, while the control groups received intramuscular injections of vehicle (vegetable oil).The male reproductive system morphology showed that treatment with nandrolone decanoate, in both sedentary and trained rats, promoted morphological and functional changes that result in reduced efficiency of spermatogenesis.

O testículo de mamíferos é um órgão complexo com funções endócrinas e exócrinas. É composto por túbulos seminíferos, local onde ocorre a espermatogênese, processo de produção dos gametas masculinos. Este processo é influenciado por uma série de drogas potencializadoras do desempenho físico, que são utilizadas para melhorar a performance. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do anabolizante esteróide decanoato de nandrolona sobre a estrutura morfofuncional de testículos de ratos sedentários e submetidos ao treinamento físico aeróbico moderado. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro ratos machos divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: sedentário controle, sedentário tratado, treinado controle e treinado tratado. O treinamento teve duração de oito semanas e consistiu de corrida em esteira ergométrica programável, adaptada para treinar oito ratos simultaneamente. Os grupos tratados receberam injeção intramuscular de decanoato de nandrolona (0,5 mg kg -1) durante as quatro últimas semanas de treinamento físico, enquanto os grupos controles receberam injeção intramuscular do veículo (óleo vegetal). Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com o decanoato de nandrolona, tanto em ratos sedentários como submetidos ao exercício físico, promove alterações morfofuncionais que resultam na redução da eficiência da espermatogênese.

Nandrolone decanoate and tamoxifen related histomorphometry: a study in line of osteoporosis

To compare the histomorphometric data [in line with osteoporosis] between Tamoxifen treated and Nandrolone decanoate treated female Albino rats through an innovatively modified parameter using SEM [scanning electronic microscopy]. An animal experimental research study was done in which the subjects were ageing six female Albino rats, 8-12 months of age. The animal study was carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animals Ethics Committee [IAEC] and all standard dietary protocols were observed. The Albino rats were divided into two main groups comprising of three rats in each group. Group [A] was Tamoxifen treated, 5 mg/kg body weight s/c daily and Group [B] Nandrolone decanoate treated 3 mg/kg body weight, I/M per week. Both groups were treated for six weeks. On completion of treatment the animals were sacrificed, dissected and bones were removed. Quantitative and qualitative data was developed through SEM. The histomorphometric data in this study was Specific Bone Surface [SBS] Specific Eroded Surface [SES] and Total Bone Surface [TBS]/Total Eroded Surface [TES]. Comparison of these parameters was done by the SEM for the two groups of Albino rats i.e. group A; Nandrolone decanoate treated and group B; Tamoxifen treated. The data obtained was evaluated statistically and no significant variation was found between the two groups. The histomorphometric data shows that the effects of Nandrolone decanoate and Tamoxifen in female Albino rats are similar in terms of structural measurement such as SBS, SES and TBS/TES

Histological changes in testes of rats treated with testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol

Present study was conducted to observe the effects of testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol [forms of AAS] intake during onset of puberty on the rat testicular histology. Juvenile male Sprague-Dawley [SD] rats [n=42] were divided into seven groups and were injected subcutaneously with medium dose of polyethylene glycol-200 [PEG-200] [control], testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol for six weeks [PND 41-87]. The animals were weighed daily and sacrificed on PND 88. Testes were removed, weighed, and prepared for histological assessment and finally specimens were observed under microscope. The results showed an insignificant increase in mean daily body weight with highest and lowest body weight gained was of 177.6 +/- 1.69 gr and 140.0 +/- 12.26 gr respectively. There was significant decrease in the testes absolute weight [p

Update on the treatment of endometriosis / 대한생식의학회지

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing diverse progressive symptoms such as infertility, pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea. Although endometriosis has been described since the 1800s, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. It is well established that endometriosis grows and regresses in an estrogen-dependent fashion and the disease can be effectively cured by definitive surgery. However, prolonged medical therapy may be needed in most of the cases since conservative surgery is usually performed especially in young women. This treatment modality is often associated with only partial relief and/or recurrence of the disease. In the present review, up-to-date findings on the treatment of endometriosis will be briefly summarized. The outcomes of surgery in patients with endometriosis will be reviewed in terms of pelvic pain relief as well as infertility treatment largely based on recent Cochrane reviews and clinical reports. The efficacy of newer drugs including aromatase inhibitor, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and dienogest will be also reviewed based on recent clinical studies.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in adult male rats / Efectos del decanoato de nandrolona y el ejercicio de resistencia en el músculo esquelético de ratas machos adultos

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of resistance exercise associated or not with nandrolone decanoate (ND) on skeletal muscles and body mass of adult male rats. Training protocol consisted of 15 jump sessions, for 6 weeks. ND (5mg/kg) was administered twice a week. The exercise was effective in inducing respective enlargements in fiber areas of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. ND associate with exercise was also able to induce increases in fiber areas these muscles. In untrained group that received nandrolone decanoate an improved in muscular parameters could be observed. In conclusion, the resistance exercise was able to promote an enlargement in fiber areas of both muscles studied without ND treatment, indicating that after a period of time of adaptation to exercise, the muscular effects caused by ND could be achieved in the same way by exercise, without ND and without risks for health.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos del ejercicio de resistencia con o sin decanoato de nandrolona (DN) en el músculo esquelético y la masa corporal de ratas macho adultas. El protocolo de entrenamiento consistió en 15 sesiones durante 6 semanas de saltos. DN 5mg/kg se administró dos veces durante la semana. El ejercicio fue efectivo para inducir un aumento en el área de las fibras de los músculos extensor largo de los dedos y sóleo. El DN asociado con el ejercicio fue capaz de inducir un aumento en el área de las fibras de los músculos. En el grupo de DN sin entrenamiento, se observó un aumento en los parámetros musculares evaluados. El ejercicio de resistencia sin DN fue capaz de promover un aumento en el área de las fibras de los músculos, lo que indica que después de un período de adaptación al ejercicio, el efecto en los músculos causada por la DN se logró por el ejercicio, sin una gestión DN y los consiguientes peligros para la salud.

Determination of doping in human urine by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry / 药学学报

A method was evaluated for determination of twenty-one doping (including nandrolone, boldenone and methandienone) in human urine by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction, concentrated, TMS derivatization and limit of detection at ng x mL(-1) by MID/GC/HRMS. According to the code of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), precision and recoveries of the procedure were evaluated by replicate analysis (n = 6), the recoveries in the range of 66%-103%, with the RSD below 10.0%. The precision within the day of the method with three different concentrations was also determined RSD were less than 9.5%, 10.0% and 9.7%.

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos / Nandrolone decanoate increases the left ventricular wall but attenuates the cavity increase caused by swimming training in rats

Os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAAs) são drogas sintetizadas a partir da testosterona. Sua ação anabólica deve-se principalmente ao aumento da síntese e redução na degradação das proteínas musculares. Este trabalho investiga os efeitos do treinamento de natação associado ao tratamento com decanoato de nandrolona sobre a pressão arterial, as dimensões cardíacas e reatividade vascular. Quarenta ratos Wistar machos, com idade de 60 dias, foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 10): sedentário (SN), sedentário tratado (ST), treinados (TN) e treinados tratados (TT). Animais TN e TT realizaram um treinamento de natação durante 12 semanas, enquanto os animais ST e TT receberam decanoato de nandrolona semanalmente (15mg/kg). O coração e os testículos foram removidos e pesados. O diâmetro da cavidade do ventrículo esquerdo (DcVE) e a espessura da parede ventricular (EspVE) foram medidos com um paquímetro eletrônico. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) foram medidas semanalmente; ainda, foi estudada a reatividade vascular das artérias mesentéricas em resposta à noradrenalina. Em nosso trabalho não houve alterações no peso do coração; no entanto, verificamos aumento no DcVE (p < 0,05) em ratos TN, enquanto a EspVE aumentou (p < 0,05) nos ratos ST e TT, ambos em relação ao SN. O peso do testículo diminuiu (p < 0,05) em ST e TT em relação a SN. Tanto a pressão arterial quanto a reatividade vascular não foram alteradas. Concluímos que o treinamento de natação aumentou o diâmetro da cavidade ventricular esquerda, enquanto o tratamento com decanoato de nandrolona aumentou a espessura da parede ventricular esquerda, sugerindo uma hipertrofia concêntrica.

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are drugs synthesized from testosterone. Their anabolic action is mainly due to increased synthesis and reduced degradation of muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming training associated to nandrolone decanoate treatment on the blood pressure, the myocardial dimensions, vascular reactivity. Forty Wistar male rats, aged 60 days, were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): sedentary (SN), sedentary treated (ST), trained (TN) and trained treated (TT). TN and TT animals performed a swimming training during 12 weeks and ST and TT animals received weekly nandrolone decanoate (15mg/ kg). The heart and teste were removed and weighted. The left ventricular diameter (LVD) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) had been measured with an electronic pachymeter. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was weekly measured, while the mesenteric arteries vascular reactivity was studied for its response to noradrenaline. There were no alterations in the heart weight, but the LVD increased (p < 0,05) in TN rats, while the LVWT increased (p < 0,05) in ST and TT rats, both in relation to SN. Testicle weight decreased (p < 0,05) in the ST and TT animals in relation to SN. There was no alteration in blood pressure, neither vascular reactivity. It was concluded that swimming training increased the left ventricular diameter, while nandrolone decanoate treatment increased mainly the left ventricular wall thickness, suggesting concentric hypertrophy.

Vascular adaptive responses to physical exercise and to stress are affected differently by nandrolone administration

Androgenic anabolic steroid, physical exercise and stress induce cardiovascular adaptations including increased endothelial function. The present study investigated the effects of these conditions alone and in combination on the vascular responses of male Wistar rats. Exercise was started at 8 weeks of life (60-min swimming sessions 5 days per week for 8 weeks, while carrying a 5 percent body-weight load). One group received nandrolone (5 mg/kg, twice per week for 8 weeks, im). Acute immobilization stress (2 h) was induced immediately before the experimental protocol. Curves for noradrenaline were obtained for thoracic aorta, with and without endothelium from sedentary and trained rats, submitted or not to stress, treated or not with nandrolone. None of the procedures altered the vascular reactivity to noradrenaline in denuded aorta. In intact aorta, stress and exercise produced vascular adaptive responses characterized by endothelium-dependent hyporeactivity to noradrenaline. These conditions in combination did not potentiate the vascular adaptive response. Exercise-induced vascular adaptive response was abolished by nandrolone. In contrast, the aortal reactivity to noradrenaline of sedentary rats and the vascular adaptive response to stress of sedentary and trained rats were not affected by nandrolone. Maximum response for 7-10 rats/group (g): sedentary 3.8 ± 0.2 vs trained 3.0 ± 0.2*; sedentary/stress 2.7 ± 0.2 vs trained/stress 3.1 ± 0.1*; sedentary/nandrolone 3.6 ± 0.1 vs trained/nandrolone 3.8 ± 0.1; sedentary/stress/nandrolone 3.2 ± 0.1 vs trained/stress/nandrolone 2.5 ± 0.1*; *P < 0.05 compared to its respective control. Stress and physical exercise determine similar vascular adaptive response involving distinct mechanisms as indicated by the observation that only the physical exercise-induced adaptive response was abolished by nandrolone.

Chronic treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, attenuates estradiol-mediated improvement of learning and memory in ovariectomized rats

INTRODUCTION: The role of ovarian hormones and nitric oxide in learning and memory has been widely investigated. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on the ability of estradiol to improve learning in OVX rats using the Morris water maze. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into five groups: (1) ovariectomized (OVX), (2) ovariectomized-estradiol (OVX-Est), (3) ovariectomized-L-NAME 10 (OVX-LN 10), (4) ovariectomized-L-NAME 50 (OVX-LN 50) and (5) ovariectomized-estradiol-L-NAME 50 (OVX-Est-LN 50). The animals in the OVX-Est group were treated with a weekly injection of estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg; i.m.). The OVX-LN 10 and OVX-LN 50 groups were treated with daily injections of 10 and 50 mg/kg L-NAME (i.p.), respectively. The animals in the OVX-Est-LN 50 group received a weekly injection of estradiol valerate and a daily injection of 50 mg/kg L-NAME. After 8 weeks, all animals were tested in the Morris water maze. RESULTS: The animals in the OVX-Est group had a significantly lower latency in the maze than the OVX group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in latency between the OVX-LN 10 and OVX-LN 50 groups in comparison with the OVX group. The latency in the OVX-Est-LN 50 group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Est group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show that L-NAME treatment attenuated estradiol-mediated enhancement of spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, but it had no significant effect in OVX rats without estrogen, suggesting an interaction of nitric oxide and estradiol in these specific brain functions.

Cardiotoxic effects of subacute therapy of nandorlene-decanoate and the protective role of trimetazidine: an experimental study

Anabolic androgenic steroids [AAS] are synthetic analogues of the natural androgenic male hormone called testosterone that is produced primarily in the testes in males and in the ovaries in females. Anabolic steroids are effective in enhancing athletic performance, in an effort to deliver a more optimal protein tissue building [anabolic] effect with less of the potential for musculinizing [androgenic] side-effects that are characteristic of testosterone itself. To shed light on the possible role of anabolic steroids in the induction of cardiac lesions; and experimental study as conducted on 30 male Wister rats divided into three groups, 10 per each group. The group 1 served as a control, group II [Nandorlene decanoate group] received 1 mg. [deca-durabolin[registered sign] 2.5 mg] by IM injection once daily for 14 consecutive days. Lastly, the group III [trimetazidine group] received Deca-durabolin in the same previous described regimen plus [Vastarel [registered sign] intraperitoneally in a dose f 5mg/kg dissolved in saline. All groups were scarified by decapitation on the 15[th] day. The supratherapeutic dose of AAS used in this study was chosen to mimic the self administered heavy abuse of AAS taken by body-builders. To assess cardiotoxicity, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum LDH, CPK-MB, and cardia content of catalase, and reduced glutathione and expression of caspase 3 protein [one of the antiapoptotic markers]. The cardiac muscle was separated and excised for immunohistochemistry and slot blot of caspase 3 and H and E examination. The Nandorlene decanoate group showed a highly significant elevated serum LDH and CPK-MB levels, and a highly significant depletion in cardia catalase, and reduced glutathione. The trimetazidine group showed a highly significant reduced serum LDH and CPK-MB, with a highly significant increased cardia catalase and reduced glutathione. Immunohistochemical cardiac examination of caspase 3 protein of the Nandorlene decanoate group showed increased expression which is reduced after trimetazidine therapy as a protective drug. In addition, H and E study findings of group II [Nandorlene decanoate group] were corrected in group III after Trimetazidine therapy. These results confirm the cardiotoxic effects of anabolic steroid abuse and the alleviating effects after Trimetazidine use

Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against 19-Nortestosterone / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To produce anti-19-Nortestosterone (NT) monoclonal antibodies and identify their immunological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hybridomas were prepared by fusing NS0 mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes isolated from immunized BALB/c mice. Noncompetitive and competitive indirect ELISA were employed to screen positive cell clones. A caprylic acid ammonium sulphate (CAAP) method was used to purify NT mAb, and the Batty saturation method was used to determine the affinity constant (Kaff).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five hybridoma cell lines, named NT-1, NT-2, NT-3, NT-4, and NT-5, were identified and their corresponding mAbs were of the IgG(1) isotype with a k light chain. The Kaffs of all mAbs were between 2.6 and 4.7 × 10(9) L/mol. The titers and IC(50) values of purified ascite fluids were in the range of (0.64-2.56) × 10(5) and (0.55-1.0) ng/mL, respectively. Of all the cross-reacting steroids, (-NT was the most reactive with the mAbs at 62% with NT-1 mAb and 64% with NT-2 mAb. Negligible cross-reactivity (<0.01%) with other steroids was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The establishment of these hybridomas allows the potential development of a rapid test kit, and may provide an alternative method for the detection of NT residues in food producing animals.</p>