Influence of Silver Nitrate on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L)

Abstract The influence of silver nitrate (AgNO3), benzyladenine (BAP), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on low frequency somatic embryogenesis (LFSE) induction in Caturra and Catuaí arabica coffee was evaluated. For the Caturra cultivar, the production of somatic embryos was significantly increased by adding AgNO3 to the semisolid culture medium. The highest average number of somatic embryos for this cultivar was obtained using 6.6 μM BAP, 2.85 μM IAA, and 40 μM AgNO3. In contrast, for the Catuaí cultivar, the highest average number of somatic embryos was obtained using semisolid medium supplemented with 8.8 μM BAP, and 2.85 μM IAA. Using these protocols, somatic embryos were directly induced using leaf sections of in vitro plants of both coffee cultivars within 8 weeks. The somatic embryos developed into rooted plants with a 100% survival rate upon transfer to the greenhouse.

Knowledge and practice of nursing professionals about prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum / Conocimiento y la práctica de profesionales de enfermería sobre profilaxis de la oftalmía neonatal / Conhecimento e prática de profissionais de enfermagem sobre profilaxia da oftalmia neonatal

Abstract Objective: To analyze the knowledge and practice of nursing professionals about the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum. Method: Descriptive study, of qualitative approach, carried out in the first semester of 2018, in a city hall hospital located in the lake area of the Rio de Janeiro's state, through semi-structured interviews with 14 Nursing professionals participating in the care of the newborn, whose data were submitted to the Thematic Analysis. Results: From the three emerging thematic categories, there are gaps in knowledge related to ophthalmia neonatorum, silver nitrate and the instillation procedure of this prophylactic solution, as well as differences in care practice regarding care before, during and after the procedure. Conclusion and implications for practice: The data point to the importance of training the Nursing team in the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum, the revision of guidelines and procedures aimed at standardizing the procedure, as well as emphasizing the need for adequate follow-up of pregnant women in prenatal care.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento y la práctica de los profesionales de Enfermería sobre la profilaxis de la oftalmía neonatal. Método: Estudio descriptivo, de naturaleza cualitativa, realizado en el primer semestre de 2018, en un hospital municipal ubicado en la bajada costera del estado de Río de Janeiro, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas desarrolladas con 14 profesionales de Enfermería, que participan en la asistencia al recién nacido, cuyos datos se sometieron al análisis temático. Resultados: A partir de las tres categorías temáticas emergentes se evidencian lagunas en el conocimiento relacionadas a la oftalmía neonatal, al nitrato de plata y al procedimiento de instilación de esa solución profiláctica, además de divergencias en la práctica asistencial en cuanto a los cuidados antes, durante y después de la realización del procedimiento. Conclusión y las implicaciones para la práctica: Los datos apuntan a la importancia de la capacitación del equipo de Enfermería para la realización de la profilaxis de la oftalmia neonatal, de la revisión de directrices y conductas que visen la estandarización del procedimiento, además de resaltar la necesidad de un acompañamiento adecuado de las gestantes en el prenatal.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento e a prática de profissionais de Enfermagem sobre profilaxia da oftalmia neonatal. Método: Estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2018, em um hospital municipal localizado na baixada litorânea do estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 14 profissionais de Enfermagem, que participam da assistência ao recém-nascido, cujos dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: A partir das três categorias temáticas emergentes evidenciaram-se lacunas no conhecimento relacionadas à oftalmia neonatal, ao nitrato de prata e ao procedimento de instilação dessa solução profilática, além de divergências na prática assistencial quanto aos cuidados antes, durante e após a realização do procedimento. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: Os dados apontam para a importância da capacitação da equipe de Enfermagem para a realização da profilaxia da oftalmia neonatal, da revisão de diretrizes e condutas que visem a padronização do procedimento, além de ressaltar a necessidade de um acompanhamento adequado das gestantes no pré-natal.

Soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata como alternativa para antissepsia de tetos de bovinos (teste in situ) / Solutions of Zinc oxide and silver nitrate as an alternative to bovine udder antisepsis

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o potencial das soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata como alternativa para antissepsia de tetos de bovinos (in situ), considerando a escassez de literatura a respeito do uso destes compostos na profilaxia de mastites. Primeiramente foram realizados ensaios de microdiluição e CBM (Concentração Bactericida Mínima) a fim de verificar a atividade antimicrobiana das soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata sobre 30 isolados de Staphylococcus spp., obtidos de casos de mastite. Todos os isolados apresentaram sensibilidade às duas soluções testadas, mas a solução de nitrato de prata apresentou menores valores de CBMs (3,05 a 97,65 µg/mL), quando comparada as CBMs da solução de óxido de zinco (97,65 a 6.250 µg/mL). Posteriormente, foram conduzidos os ensaios de antissepsia dos tetos (in situ) através da imersão dos mesmos nas soluções antimicrobianas testadas. Para isso, foram utilizados 40 tetos (n=40) oriundos de vacas abatidas, os quais foram divididos em 4 grupos de 10 tetos, destinados ao teste das solução de óxido de zinco a 3% (30mg/mL), de nitrato e prata 1% (10mg/mL) e seus respectivos controles. Os tetos foram submetidos à contagem de microrganismos mesófilos na superfície dos tetos (UFC/cm2) antes e após a imersão nas soluções testadas. Como resultado, todas as soluções (de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata) apresentaram significativa redução de UFC/cm2 até aos 60 minutos após a imersão (M 0' a M 60'). A solução de nitrato de prata apresentou redução de UFC/cm2 significativamente maior, quando comparado ao grupo testado com solução de óxido de zinco. Tais resultados validam o potencial das soluções de óxido de zinco e nitrato de prata para utilização no pré e pós-dipping em vacas leiteiras.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions as an alternative antiseptic for cow teats (in situ), considering the lack in the literature about these compounds uses in mastitis prophylaxis. First microdilution tests med and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration were perfor in order to determine the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions over 30 Staphylococcus spp. isolates, obtained from cows with mastitis. All strains tested showed sensitivity to both solutions, but the silver nitrate solution had lower MBC values (3,05 to 97,65ug/ml) compared with zinc oxide solution MBCs (97,65 to 6,250 ug/ml). Subsequently, the antiseptic teat tests were conducted (in situ) by immersing the teats in same antimicrobial solutions tested in the first experiment. Therefore, 40 teats were used (n = 40) originating from slaughtered cows were divided into 4 groups of 10 teats, to test test zinc oxide 3% (30mg/mL) and silver nitrate 1% (10mg/mL) solutions and their respective controls. The teats were submitted to mesophilic count on the teat surface (CFU/cm2) before and after immersion in tested solutions. As a result, all the solutions (zinc oxide and silver nitrate) had a significant reduction in CFU/cm2 until 60 minutes after immersion (M 0' to 60 M'). Silver nitrate solution showed a reduction of CFU/cm2 significantly higher compared to the group treated with zinc oxide solution. These results validate the potential use of zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions in dairy cows as a pre- and post-dipping antiseptic.(AU)

AgNO3: a potential regulator of ethylene activity and plant growth modulator

The aim of this review is to critically analyze the role of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in modulating plant growth and development. In recent years, basic studies on ethylene regulation opened new vistas for applied research in the area of micro-propagation, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro flowering, growth promotion, fruit ripening, and sex expression. Silver nitrate has proved to be a very potent inhibitor of ethylene action and is widely used in plant tissue culture. Few properties of silver nitrate such as easy availability, solubility in water, specificity and stability make it very useful for various applications in exploiting plant growth regulation and morphogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Silver ion mediated responses seem to be involved in polyamines, ethylene- and calcium- mediated pathways, and play a crucial role in regulating physiological process including morphogenesis. The molecular basis for regulation of morphogenesis under the influence of silver nitrate is completely lacking. This review compiles published reports of silver nitrate-mediated in vitro and in vivo studies and focuses on fundamental and applied aspects of plant growth modulation under the influence of silver nitrate.

Pleurodese: perspectivas futuras / Pleurodesis: future prospects

Apesar de estarmos completando praticamente um século desde a realização da primeira pleurodese, a metodologia não está consensualmente definida. A tendência atual de executarmos procedimentos minimamente invasivos estimulou novas pesquisas com o objetivo de reduzir a agressão, incluindo o uso de novas substâncias, a colocação de drenos mais finos e a redução ou abolição da necessidade de internação hospitalar. Dentre as drogas esclerosantes, o talco tem a preferência mundial. Entretanto, o possível desenvolvimento da síndrome da angústia respiratória, por vezes fatal, fez renascer o interesse por outras drogas. Os quimioterápicos não têm evidente efeito esclerosante e originam importantes efeitos colaterais. Os agentes irritantes hidróxido de sódio e nitrato de prata produzem pleurodese efetiva. Ambos podem ser utilizados em seres humanos

comparative study of 20 / silver nitrate and galvanic cautry for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

To compare the results of 20% silver nitrate and galvanic cautry for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. SETTING: ENT department Mayo Hospital, Lahore: DESIGN: Retrospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 100 patients of allergic rhinitis with age range of 16 years to 50 years from Oct 1992 to Oct 1995. Taking into consideration the morbidity and beneficial effects of using 20% silver nitrate cautry and galvanic cautry for the treatment of allergic rhinitis detailed results are studied. 20% silver nitrate cautry is far superior than galvanic cautry for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Effectiveness of silver nitrate compared to talc slurry as pleural sclerosing agent in rabbits: influence of concomitant intrapleural lidocaine

The ideal agent for producing pleurodesis has not been identified. Talc, the most commonly used, poses several problems. Another possibility is silver nitrate, which was widely used in the past. PURPOSE: To determine the influence of the intrapleural instillation of lidocaine in producing a pleurodesis with silver nitrate, to define the effect of lidocaine in the maturation of the collagen fibers, and to confirm that the pleurodesis after silver nitrate is stronger than after talc. METHODS: We studied three groups of 8 rabbits. Two groups received 0.5 percent silver nitrate; in one we had previously injected 0.5 ml of 2 percent lidocaine. The third group received 400 mg/kg talc (2 ml). The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the injection, and the pleural spaces were assessed grossly for evidence of pleurodesis and microscopically for evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. The total amount of pleural collagen and the distribution of thick and thin collagen fibers were quantified. Collagen was identified using picrosirius red stain. RESULTS: In the two groups that received silver nitrate (without lidocaine: 3.5 + 03 and with lidocaine: 3.2 + 0.3), the macroscopic pleurodesis (scale 0 3/4 4) was significantly (p = 0.001) better than that resulting from talc (1.6 + 0.2). The mean degree of pleural fibrosis induced by silver nitrate (3.5 + 0.2) was significantly (p = 0.004) higher than that induced by talc (1.9 + 0.1). The previous instillation of lidocaine resulted in a tendency for decreased amounts of fibrosis (3.1 + 0.4). The mean amount (10(3)mm2) of pleural collagen was significantly (p = 0.009) greater in the rabbits that received silver nitrate (116.9 + 22.7) than in those that received talc (10.7 + 3.4). The injection of lidocaine slightly reduced the collagen (80.1 + 30.3). The distribution of collagen fibers did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSION: This rabbit model clearly confirms that intrapleural silver nitrate is more effective than talc for producing pleurodesis. The previous intrapleural instillation of lidocaine results in a decreasing trend in the amount of collagen, but does not change the effectiveness of the pleural fusion or modify the process of collagen maturation.

Estudo da aplicabilidade do método de Credé, em maternidades do município de Säo Paulo / A study on Crede's method in maternities of Säo Paulo's municipality

A profilaxia da oftalmia neonatal gonocócica pelo Método de Credé, no Município de Säo Paulo, foi avaliada a partir de amostra de 24 serviços de maternidades, correspondendo, aproximandamente, a 37% dos serviços existentes no Município. Verificou-se que, apesar de todas as maternidades afirmarem conhecer o Método e a legislaçäo que normatiza seu procedimento, dos serviços visitados, somente 33.3% realizavam a profilaxia adequadamente, utilizando o nitrato de prata (AgNO3) a 1% (Método de Credé), 16.7% usavam o AgNO3 em concentraçöes inadequadas e 50% aplicavam o vitelinato de prata (Argirol) em diferentes concentraçöes. Os resultados expressam uma inadequada profilaxia contra a oftalmia neonatal gonocócica e, portanto, faz-se necessário conscientizaçäo do problema, entre os profissionais da saúde, no sentido de melhorar a aplicabilidade deste eficiente método