Durability after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide therapy in chronic HBeAg negative hepatitis patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Relapse has been reported after stopping nucleos(t)ide (NUC) therapy in the majority of chronic HBeAg negative hepatitis patients. However, the ideal treatment duration of HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is not well known. We investigated the frequency of relapse in HBeAg negative CHB patients receiving NUC therapy. METHODS: The NUC therapy was discontinued at least 3 times undetectable level of HBV DNA leave 6 months space in 45 patients. Clinical relapse was defined as HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >2 times of upper limit of normal range. Virological relapse was defined as HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL. RESULTS: Clinical relapse developed in 16 (35.6%) and 24 (53.3%) patients after stopping therapy at 6 months and 12 months off therapy, respectively. Virological relapse developed 22 (48.9%) and 33 (73.3%) patients at 6 months and 12 months off therapy. The factors such as age, gender, cirrhosis, baseline AST, ALT, HBV DNA levels, treatment duration, and consolidation duration were analyzed to investigate the predictive factors associated with 1 year sustained response. Of these factors, cirrhosis (86.1% in CHB, 22.2% in LC) was significantly associated with 1 year virological relapse rate. Baseline HBV DNA and total treatment duration tended to be associated with virological relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Virological relapse developed in the majority (73.3%) of HBeAg negative CHB patients and clinical relapse developed in the half (53.3%) of patients at 1 year off therapy. Cirrhosis may be associated with the low rate of virological relapse.

Adefovir Dipivoxil / Adefovir Dipivoxil

El adefovir es un nucleótido que se utiliza por vía oral, sin resistencia conocida hasta los dos años de tratamiento. Actúa en los pacientes con hepatitis B crónica Age+ y Age-, es efectivo en resistentes a lamivudina. Es un medicamento bien tolerado en cirróticos descompensados y trasplantados. Se requiere ajuste de dosis con alteración de la función renal.

Adefovir is a nucleotide orally administrated with unknown resistance until two years of treatment. It is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis B + and e -, it is resistant to Lamivudine. It is a well tolerated drug by decompensated, transplanted cirrhotic. Dose adjustment is required in renal impairment.

Hepatitis crónica viral / Chronic viral hepatitis

Los Virus Hepatitis B (VHB) y Hepatitis C (VHC) en la actualidad son infecciones frecuentes en el hombre, afectando a una proporción significativa de la población mundial. Estos son causa frecuente de hepatitis aguda y crónica, cirrosis hepática, hepatocarcinoma y trasplante hepático. En 105 últimos años ha habido un gran progreso en el conocimiento de la epidemiología e historia natural de la infección con el VHB y VHC. Además, se han logrado grandes avances en su tratamiento y con numerosas drogas actualmente en evaluación.

Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) virus are common viral infections, affecting at a large worldwide population. These viruses are frequent cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. In the last few years, the knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of HBV and HCV infections have markedly improved. Furthermore, considerable progress have been achieved in the efficacy of treatment and several new drugs are currently under evaluation.

Terapéutica en el glaucoma crónico de ángulo abierto / Therapeutic in the open angle chronic glaucoma

El objetivo fundamental del tratamiento en el glaucoma es evitar la progresión de la neuropatía óptica glaucomatosa. El tratamiento farmacológico está dirigido básicamente a disminuir la producción de humor acuoso en el epitelio ciliar, aumentar su evacuaciòn por la vía uveo escleral o por la vía trabecular. El glaucoma se encuentra entre las primeras causas de ceguera en el mundo. En este trabajo presentamos los medicamentos más recomendados en el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto...

Use of nucleotides in weanling rats with diarrhea induced by a lactose overload: effect on the evolution of diarrhea and weight and on the histopathology of intestine, liver and spleen

Until recently, dietary sources of nucleotides were thought not to be essential for good nutrition. Certain states with higher metabolic demands may require larger amounts that cannot be provided by endogenous production. The objective of the present study was to determine the action of nucleotides on the recovery from lactose-induced diarrhea in weaned rats. Thirty-six weanling Fisher rats were divided into two groups. Group 1 received a standard diet and group 2 received a diet containing lactose in place of starch. On the 10th day, six animals per group were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation. The remaining animals were divided into two other subgroups, each with 6 animals, receiving a control diet, a control diet with nucleotides (0.05 percent adenosine monophosphate, 0.05 percent guanosine monophosphate, 0.05 percent cytidine monophosphate, 0.05 percent uridine monophosphate and 0.05 percent inosine monophosphate), a diet with lactose, and a diet with lactose and nucleotides. On the 32nd day of the experiment all animals were sacrificed. Animals with diarrhea weighed less than animals without diarrhea. The introduction of nucleotides did not lead to weight gain. Mean diet consumption was lower in the group that continued to ingest lactose, with the group receiving lactose plus nucleotides showing a lower mean consumption. Animals receiving lactose had inflammatory reaction and deposits of periodic acid-Schiff-positive material in intestinal, hepatic and splenic tissues. The introduction of nucleotides led to an improvement of the intestinal inflammatory reaction. In lactose-induced diarrhea, when the stimulus is maintained - lactose overload - the nucleotides have a limited action on the weight gain and on recovery of intestinal morphology, although they have a protective effect on hepatic injury and improve the inflammatory response

Nutriçäo e imunidade / Nutrition and immunity

O sistema imune humano possui diferentes células que produzem substâncias destinadas a defender o organismo humano contra agentes infecciosos ou suas toxinas. Dividido em um sistema central e um periférico, permite a ação conjunta e sincronizada de diferentes células. Morbidades como infecção, trauma, câncer e doenças inflmatórias ativam este sistema, possibilitando a produção de substâncias pró-inflamatórias por diferentes elementos deste sistema, especialmente o tecido linfóide associado à mucosa intestinal, que tem papel central neste processo...

Nucleótidos en Pediatría / Nuecleotides in Pediatrics

La leche humana contiene 13 nucleótidos. Varias investigaciones en relación a la alimentación de los lactantes han sido llevadas a cabo para demostrar las ventajas de la adición de nucleótidos a las fórmulas de iniciación. Los nucleótidos están involucrados en la mayoría de los procesos celulares y juegan un papel importante en la función estructural, metabólica, energética y reguladora celular. Estos pueden afectar la diferenciación del enterocito, son importantes en el mantenimiento óptimo de la inmunidad celular y humoral e influyen en la síntesis de lipoproteínas. El propósito de este artículo es revisar los estudios que soportan el efecto de los nucleótidos cuando son adicionados a las fórmulas de iniciación en la función inmunológica, metabolismo de los lípidos y sistema gastrointestinal

Nutrición enteral en pediatría / Enteral nutrition in pediatrics

Se hace una revisión de los Conceptos Actuales de la Nutrición Enteral en niños enfermos, estableciéndose la dieta como factor terapéutico. Remarcando que el tratamiento dietético se basa en el conocimiento de la historia de la enfermedad, haciendo especial énfasis en las condiciones prácticas, eficacia, posibles ventajas y desventajas, riesgo de complicaciones, así como los requerimiento metabólicos especiales en relación con diferentes entidades.