Principais patógenos envolvidos em casos de sepse em pacientes queimados: uma revisão de literatura / Main pathogens involved in the cases of sepsis in burned patients: a review on the literature / Principales patógenos en los casos de sepsis em pacientes quemados: una revisión de literatura

Objetivo: Buscou-se no presente trabalho identificar os principais patógenos envolvidos em infecções em pacientes queimados, bem como enfatizar a relevância do diagnóstico adequado para o tratamento de sepse. Método: Para a realização do presente trabalho, foi feito levantamento bibliográfico de caráter exploratório e obtidos 33 estudos relevantes. A coleta de informações ocorreu nos meses de março a novembro de 2016. Resultados: Dentre os principais patógenos presentes em queimados, que podem gerar quadro de sepse, estão Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Candida albicans e Proteus sp. Esses podem, ou não, estar relacionados à própria microbiota do paciente. O processo de infecção, com perda da primeira linha de defesa imunológica, deixa o organismo suscetível à entrada e instalação de microrganismos. O tratamento da sepse depende de fatores relevantes, que incluem a gravidade da lesão e o agente causador da infecção. Conclusão: O risco de ocorrência de sepse, associada às infecções em queimados nas unidades de tratamento intensivo, pode ser reduzido com o diagnóstico adequado e acompanhamento do paciente.

Objective: This article aimed to identify the main pathogens involved in infections in burned patients, as well as to emphasize the relevance of the appropriate diagnosis for the treatment of sepsis. Methods: For the accomplishment of the present work, it was carried out a bibliographic survey of exploratory character and 33 relevant studies were obtained. Data collection was carried out from March to November 2016. Results: Among the main pathogens present in burnt patient related with sepsis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Candida albicans and Proteus sp. These pathogens may or may not be related to the patients microbiota. The infection process, with loss of the first line of immune defense, leaves the organism susceptible to the entry and installation of microorganisms. Treatment of sepsis depends on relevant factors including the severity of the lesion and the agent of the infection. Conclusion: The risk associated with sepsis in burned patients may be reduced with appropriate diagnosis and monitoring.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar los principales patógenos asociados en infecciones en pacientes com quemaduras, así como enfatizar la relevancia del diagnóstico adecuado para el tratamiento de la sepsis. Métodos: Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de caracter exploratório, siendo considerados relevantes 33 estudios. La búsqueda de datos se realizó de marzo a noviembre de 2016. Resultados: Entre los principales patógenos presentes en pacientes quemados relacionados con la sepsis se destacaron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Candida albicans y Proteus sp. Estos patógenos pueden o no estar relacionados con la microbiota del paciente. El proceso de infección, con la pérdida de la primera línea de defensa inmunológica, deja el organismo susceptible a la entrada e instalación de microorganismos. El tratamiento de la sepsis depende de factores relevantes, incluyendo la gravedad de la lesión y el agente de la infección. Conclusión: El riesgo asociado con la sepsis en pacientes quemados puede reducirse con un diagnóstico y seguimiento adecuados.

Wound infection; frequency in clean surgical operations

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of infection in clean surgical cases [General and Orthopaedic]. A descriptive study. This descriptive study was conducted at department of surgery and orthopaedic DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha from July 2007 to Dec, 2008. In this study 1500 clean surgical cases were included. Wounds were examined on third post operative day and then regularly after removal of stitches. Surgical wounds were examined finally on fifteenth post operative days. Description of wound condition and detailed data of patients were collected on preformed performas. Patients with wound infection developed pain at operation site and fever on third post operative day. Wounds were examined for swelling, redness, discharge; stitch abscess. Routine investigations were done as per protocol ie complete blood examination, complete urine examination, blood sugar, C-reactive proteins etc. Wounds swab was taken for microscopy and culture sensitivity. This study was carried out on fifteen hundred clean surgical cases [General and Orthopaedic]. There were 1064 males and 436 females. Male to Female ratio was 2.4:1. Infection was detected in 110 patients [7.3%] while no infection was found in 1390. Infection was maximum in patients more than 60 yrs of age [10.9%]. Wound infection was minimum in young patients [3.5%].commonest micro organism isolated from the infected wound was staphylococcus areus. Other organism isolated was streptococcus pyogenes, proteus and pseudomonas. No MRSA was detected. In our case study clean cases were found generally free of infection especially young patients. Whereas increased incidence of infection was noted in old patients. Wound infection is associated with significant morbidity in the form of delayed wound heeling, prolonged hospital stay and increased economical pressure on the patient

Bacteriology of [CSOM] tubotympanic disease and antimicrobials

Chronic suppurative otitis media is the inflammation of middle ear by pus producing organisms characterized by discharge and conductive deafness, and is still prevalent around the world. To study the prevalent bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of these isolates. Study of CSOM [tubotympanic diseased] patients at out patient ENT clinic and Microbiology department Sh. Zayed Hospital Lahore. Selection of 100 tubotympanic disease cases from CSOM patients for Bacterial culture and sensitivity. Among Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus represented 34.3% while among gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa represented 24.4% and Proteus species were 11.7% of the total isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was observed in 92.9% of total isolates followed by sparfloxacin in 92.4%. Septran was the least effective antimicrobial with a sensitivity of only 20.1%. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species continue to be the major infecting pathogens

Comportamiento de la infección urinaria en la comuna de Curepto / Behavior of the urinary infection at Curepto community

Debido a la falta de un estudio bacteriológico sobre infecciones urinarias en la comuna de Cvuepto se analizan 191 muestras de orina positivas para dicha patología en el lapso de un año. Se analiza la distribución por sexo, el tipo de cepa más frecuente y la sensibilidad a los distintos medicamentos en uso actualmente en nuestro hospital para su tratainiento. Los resultados muestran que la mujer es afectada 4 veces más que el hombre, la bacteria más frecuente es la E. Coli, y los medicamentos de elección son la iútrofurantoina y la cefradina por vía oral y la gentamicina y la amikacina por vía parenteral

Proteus and other microorganisms causing urinary tract in infection children

A total of two hundred hospitalized children with symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection were investigated. The cases with significant growth in mid stream urine cultures [>=10[5] CFU per ml] only were considered positive. From all patients 71.5% had significant bacteriuria [four candida isolates were included too]. Escherichia coli was significantly higher among girls while predominance of proteus was observed among boys. A higher incidence of UTI was observed among uncircumcised boys compared to circumcised boys. This was particularly noticed in UTI caused by proteus. This and the fact of low incidence of proteus in intestinal microflora suggest what proteus urinary pathogens in males should originate from sources other than the intestine. Most of the organisms isolated were sensitive to cefotaxime, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and nirtofurantoin

Staphylococcus saprophyticus em infecçöes do trato urinário masculino e feminino / Staphylococcus saprophyticus in urinary tract infections of man and woman

Os Staphylococcus saprophyticus representam a maioria das amostras (93 por cento ) coagulase negativas e novobiocino-resistentes incidesntes no aparelho urinário do homem (3,7,11). É a espécie Gram-positiva mais frequente nas infecçöes urinárias de mulheres em fase produtiva (15 a 30 anos) podendo ser causa de infecçÆes urinárias altas, com envolvimento renal (1,3,5,8,15). Os AA. pretenderam determinar a prevalência de S. saprophyticus nas infecçöes do trato urinário masculino ao examinar 52 amostras e do feminino 176 amostras, de maneira distinta. Nos homens as infecçÆes por Stalphylococcus aureus foram mais frequentes que as por E. coli (36,5 por cento contra 19,23 por cento ) enquanto nas mulheres houve maior frequência de infecçÆes por E. coli (29,54 por cento ) e menor por Staphylococcus aureus (15,90 por cento ). Staphylococcus saprophyticus no homem apresentaram incidência de 15,38 por cento e nas infecçöes urinárias da mulher a frequência foi de 16,47 por cento . Alertam, sobre a importância da identificaçåo desse patógeno que pode ser visto como contaminante ou confundido com estafilococos coagulase-negativos como os Staphylococcus epidermidis (3,9)