Effects of metronidazole, tinidazole, captopril and valsartan on taste and serum levels of zinc and magnesium

To study the effect of metronidazole, tinidazole, captopril and valsartan on the levels of zinc and magnesium in the serum of rabbits and humans and the histology of taste buds in rabbits. We conducted this study in the College of Medicine and Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq from April 2005 to September 2006. It was in 2 parts: a clinical observational study of 54 patients treated with one of these drugs. The second part involved oral administration of metronidazole [45mg/kg], tinidazole [40mg/kg], captopril [3mg/kg] or valsartan [3mg/kg] or normal saline to 42 rabbits randomly. Serum zinc and magnesium were measured, and histological sections of tongues were examined for taste buds. In rabbits, oral metronidazole [13.6%] or tinidazole [7%] resulted in a significant reduction in serum zinc. Reductions in captopril [6.7%] and valsartan [4.2%] were smaller and insignificant. Body weight increased by 15.5gm [1391 +/- 225.3 gm to 1407 +/- 223.2 gm] in the control group, a lesser increase of approximately 8 gm, was found in the metronidazole group [1452 +/- 222.6 gm to 1460 +/- 221.9 gm]. Rabbit tongues showed moderate degeneration of taste buds caused by tinidazole, severe degeneration of captopril and minimal changes of valsartan. In humans, the drugs did not result in significant changes in serum zinc or magnesium. Approximately 73.3% of patients in the metronidazole group and 11.1% in the valsartan group had taste changes. It is concluded that metronidazole and tinidazole, but not captopril or valsartan resulted in a significant reduction of zinc level in rabbit, but not in human. Captopril and not valsartan caused severe degeneration in taste buds. Serum zinc level seems not to be related to taste buds changes

Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of Secnidazole suspension (single dose) and Tinidazole suspension (two days dosage) in the treatment of amebiasis in children

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica may be considered the most aggressive parasitic disease affecting human intestine, causing acute amoebic colitis and extra-intestinal diseases of high morbidity and mortality. 5-nitroimidazoles are the drugs of choice. In this multicenter, open and randon clinical trial, the efficacy and tolerability of secnidazole suspension in a single oral dose of 1ml/kg was compared with 0.5ml/kg doses of tinidazole suspension given for 2 consecutive days to 303 Entamoeba histolytica-positive children aged 2 to 13. Patients with extra-intestinal complications were excluded from the study. Clinical and parasitological follow-up using the Faus and Kato-Katz method were carried out 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Clinical improvement/cure was observed in 93 percent of the patients in the secnidazole group and 91 percent in the tinidaloze group. Parasitological sucess was reported for 77 percent and 63 percent of the secnidazole and tinidazole patients, respectively, showing a significant statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.007). Both drugs were well tolerated, and the adverse effects reported were mild, consisting mainly of digestive disturbances. This comparative study showed that a single oral dose of 1ml/kg of secnidazole produced a significantly higher parasitological cure rate than 2 doses of tinidazole. Secnidazole is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of uncomplicated intestinal amebiasis.

Evaluation of secnidazole gel and tinidazole suspension in the treatment of giardiasis in children

Giardiasis is a cosmopolitan parasitosis. Diarrhea, abdominal colic, and flatulence are the main clinical symptoms, however, malabsorption, and impairment of growth of children may occur. The 5-nitroimidazoles are drugs of choice in the treatment of giardiasis. Methods: The efficacy and tolerability of secnidazole and tinidazole were evaluated in a randomized, open-label clinical trial performed with 267 Giardia lamblia-positive children. Secnidazole , in a new gel formulation, and tinidazole suspension were prescribed as single oral doses of 30mg/kg and 50mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and parasitological follow-up was carried out before, and at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Results: Clinical cure was observed in 77,3 percent and 75,7 percent of the patients in the secnidazole and tinidazole groups, respectively. Parasitological cure was obtained in the 91,3 percent and 89,6 percent in the secnidazole and tinidazole groups, respectively. A metallic taste after drug ingestion was more commonly reported in the tinidazole group than in the secnidazole group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The authors conclude that both secnidazole gel and tinidazole administered as a single oral dose are effective treatments for children with giardiasis since both high cure rates and good tolerability were observed

Control de la giardiasis en niños de jardines infantiles / Control of giardiasis among preschool children

Se evaluaron 3 esquemas de tratamiento y control de las giardiasis. Para ello se estudiaron, mediante examen coproparasitológico (PAFS), muestras seriadas de deposiciones de 416 niños de tres jardines infantiles de extrema pobreza, encontrándose una tasa global de 42,1 por ciento de infección por giardia lamblia. Los niños del primer jardín infantil (n=187) recibieron sólo tinidazol 50 mgùkg cada tres meses en tres oportunidades. Los del segundo jardín (n=132) recibieron el medicamento y educación sanitaria en las mismas tres oportunidades. A los de la tercera unidda (n=97) se les administró el medicamento sólo dos veces a intervalos de seis meses, pero se les hizo eduacción sanitaria trimestral en tres ocasiones. Al cabo de nueve meses de seguimiento, la tasa de infecciones por giardia lamblia disminuyó de 36,3 por ciento a 25,4 por ciento en el primer caso, de 43,9 por ciento a 17,5 por ciento en el segundo y de 50,5 por ciento a 21,8 por ciento en el tercero, sugiriendo un importante efecto favorable (p <0,05) de las medidas de educación sanitaria y prevención sobre la tasa de reinfección y la latencia de ésta en jardines infantiles de extrema pobreza

Wound healing profiles of ketorolac, metronidazole and tinidazole administered post-surgically.

On dead space wounds, drugs (ketorolac, metronidazole and tinidazole) caused a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in breaking strength, granulation tissue weight and hydroxyproline content in male rats. Both the parameters of excision wound were significantly (P < 0.01) hastened by metronidazole and tinidazole only. Post operative management of wounds with ketorolac (a potent analgesic), metronidazole and tinidazole (for anaerobic infections) may be dealt with the risk of a delay in healing. Both metronidazole and tinidazole promote the epithelization process.

Therapeutic effects of tinidazole in periodontal disease

Eight patients were participated in this study. Every patient received scaling for one side and the other side left without scaling. Bacterial samples were obtained from both sides before tinidazole therapy [at zero time] and at 2 and 4 weeks after tinidazole therapy. Dark field microscopy was used for bacterial identification and counting. There was a reduction in the total cell count. The counts of spirochetes, rods [motile and non-motile] showed decrease than at the initial counts. The cocci showed a concomitant increase in week 2 and 4 than at week 0. Microbiologically, tinidazole therapy can affect the subgingival microflora quantitatively and qualitatively

Prueba del hidrógeno espirado y eliminación de indican en la orina, siete dias después de dar tinidazol / Breath hydrogen test and urinary indican excretion, seven days after receiving tinidazole

Con objeto de investigar si el efecto antimicrobiano del tinidazol modifica los resultados obtenidos con la prueba del hidrógeno espirado, siete días despupes de haber tomado una dosis de este medicamento, se realizó un estudio en escolares clínicamente sanos y bien nutridos. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las observaciones hachas antes y siete días después de dar el tinidazol. La excresión de indican tampoco mostró cambios significativos, lo cual indirectamente hace suponer que de haber acontecido algún cambio en la flora bacteriana intestinal por efecto del medicamento, una semana después ya se había recuperado

In vitro studies on the sensitivity of local Entamoeba histolytica to anti-amoebic drugs.

The in vitro activity of drugs, namely dehydroemetine, ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole were determined against the locally isolated strains of E. histolytica in Thailand. The test was performed in liquid monophasic medium, i.e. liver marmite serum medium. In all, locally isolated strains from thirty hosts studied, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for dehydroemetine ranged from 0.125 to 1 microgram/ml, ornidazole ranged from 0.0625 to 0.25 microgram/ml, metronidazole ranged from 0.0625 to 0.125 microgram/ml, and tinidazole ranged from 0.0625 microgram/ml to 0.25 microgram/ml. The MIC of dehydroemetine was significantly different from ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole. Metronidazole was superior to that of dehydroemetine but was not significantly different among ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole.

Ultraestructura de quistes de Entamoeba invadens obtenidos bajo el efecto de emetina, tinidazol y rifampicina / Ultraestructure of entamoeba invadens cysts obtained under the effect of emetine, tinidazole and rifampin

Se determinaron las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM) de emetina, tinidazol y rifampicina para trofozoítos de E. invadens, así como la ultraestructura de quistes obtenidos después de 22 y 45 horas, en presencia de la CIM de los fármacos. Bajo el efecto de tinidazol o de rifampicina los quistes obtenidos mostraron numerosas vacuolas que contenían elementos membranosos y vesículas llenas de material amorfo electrodenso; algunas de éstas se observaron en las proximidades de la membrana plasmática. En los quistes obtenidos en presencia de emetina, el citoplasma presentó numerosas vesículas y cisternas aplanadas particularmente después de 22 horas de incubación en médio de enquistamiento, las que disminuyeron después de 45 horas de diferenciación; se observaron además vasículas con material electrodenso próximas a la membrana plasmática. Las paredes celulares de los quistes obtenido bajo el efecto de los fármacos mencionados fueron irregulares tanto en el arreglo fibrilar como en el espesor; adicionalmente, bajo los efectos de tinidazol y emetina las paredes de los quistes se perdieron parcial o totalmente, observándose acúmlos de éstas entre los quistes. Los resultados sugieren que la CIM de los fármacos empleados provocaron un retardo en el proceso de difereciación de E. invadens y, posiblemente, interfieran con el ensamble de la pared celular y con la adherencia de ésta a la membrana plasmática durante el enquistamiento

Absorción intestinal en escolares asintomáticos portadores de Giardia lamblia / Intestinal absorption in asymptomatic school children with Giardia lamblia

En 14 escolares con edades entre 6,2 y 13,6 años, portadores asintomáticos de Giardia lamblia se hicieron evaluaciones antropométricas y mediciones de hematocrito, hemoglobinemia, proteinemia total, albuminemia, carotinemia basal y prueba de absorción de vitamina A y D-xilosa, antes y después de recibir tratamiento antiparasitario con Tinidazol y Mebendazol. Se demonstraron aumentos significativos en pliegue cutáneo tricipital, hematocrito, hemoglobinemia y proteinemia. La xilosemia fue de 38,8 + ou - 8,9 y de 57,5 + ou - 10,8 mg% (p <0,005) antes y después del tratamiento respectivamente. Las concentraciones de vitamina A después de sobrecarga oral fueron 66,5 + ou - 26,0 y 213,0 + ou - 113,0 microng% (p <0,005) y el delta vitamina A de 32,7 + ou - 25,3 y de 152,7 + ou - 115,8 microng% (p <0,005) para las etapas previa y posterior al tratamiento respectivamente. Se concluye que en escolares asintomáticos, portadores de Giardia lamblia, podría incrementar la absorción intestinal luego de erradicar al parásito

In vivo and in vitro studies of tinidazole in Trichomonas vaginalis infection.

A total 787 patients with complaints of vaginal discharges were examined, of which 106 patients were found to be positive for Trichomonas vaginalis by the normal saline method, and 114 patients were positive by the culture method. In the in vivo series, 55 patients were treated with a single dose of 1.8 gm of tinidazole, and with a follow-up examination 7 days there after. For the in vitro study 55 swab specimens were cultured to study the tinidazole sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis. The survival of Trichomonas vaginalis at each concentration of tinidazole was presented as a cumulative frequency. At the concentration of 1 microgram/ml, none of the organisms were killed; but at the concentration of 6 micrograms/ml, the mortality rate was 100%. In the in vivo series a 100% cure rate was obtained with tinidazole with no side effects, and in vitro series the mean minimum trichomonicidal concentration (MCC) at 24 hours was 3.76 +/- 1.25 micrograms/ml, with the range of 2--6 micrograms/ml. These studies revealed the sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis to tinidazole in Thailand and that tinidazole at a single oral dose of 1.8 gm perferably after a meal is effective, safe and cheap for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis.