RESUMO
Background: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects salmonids. In Chile, the second worldwide salmon producer, IPNV causes great economic loss and is one of the most frequently detected pathogens. Due to its high level of persistence and the lack of information about the efficiency of its diagnostic techniques, the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for IPNV in Chile performed the first inter-laboratory ring trial, to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the qRT-PCR detection methods used in the country. Results: Results showed 100% in sensitivity and specificity in most of the laboratories. Only three of the twelve participant laboratories presented problems in sensitivity and one in specificity. Problems in specificity (false positives) were most likely caused by cross contamination of the samples, while errors in sensitivity (false negatives) were due to detection problems of the least concentrated viral sample. Regarding repeatability, many of the laboratories presented great dispersion of the results (Ct values) for replicate samples over the three days of the trial. Moreover, large differences in the Ct values for each sample were detected among all the laboratories. Conclusions: Overall, the ring trial showed high values of sensitivity and specificity, with some problems of repeatability and inter-laboratory variability. This last issue needs to be addressed in order to allow harmonized diagnostic of IPNV within the country. We recommend the use of the NRL methods as validated and reliable qRT-PCR protocols for the detection of IPNV.
Assuntos
Animais , Salmonidae/virologia , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Birnaviridae/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/normas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/normas , Doenças dos Peixes/diagnóstico , RNA Viral/genética , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Chile , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa/genética , Infecções por Birnaviridae/virologia , Aquicultura , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , LaboratóriosRESUMO
Foram investigados os fatores etiologicos e as caracteristicas das pancreatites cronicas em 545 portadores desta afeccao. Comprovou-se que o etilismo cronico constitui o fator etiologico preponderante: 509/545 (93,4 por cento). O consumo alcoolico desses pacientes foi intenso (358,6 +-282,0 gramas de etanol diario), precoce (19,8 +-6,5 anos), regular e prolongado (19,8 +- 8,8 anos), sendo o aguardente de cana a bebida mais consumida (99,2 por cento)...