Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic.
Clin Microbiol Infect
; 27(8): 1109-1117, 2021 Aug.
Artículo
en Inglés
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1230414
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Many new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been termed variants of concern/interest (VOC/I) because of the greater risk they pose due to possible enhanced transmissibility and/or severity, immune escape, diagnostic and/or treatment failure, and reduced vaccine efficacy.AIMS:
We sought to review the current knowledge of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly those deemed VOC/Is B.1.351, B.1.1.7, and P.1. SOURCES MEDLINE and BioRxiv databases, as well as the grey literature, were searched for reports of SARS-CoV-2 variants since November 2020. Relevant articles and their references were screened. CONTENT Mutations on the spike protein in particular may affect both affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor ACEII and antibody binding. These VOC/Is often share similar mutation sets. The N501Y mutation is shared by the three main VOCs B.1.1.7, first identified in the United Kingdom, P.1, originating from Brazil, and B.1.351, first described in South Africa. This mutation likely increases transmissibility by increasing affinity for ACEII. The B.1.351 and P.1 variants also display the E484K mutation which decreases binding of neutralizing antibodies, leading to partial immune escape; this favours reinfections, and decreases the in vitro efficacy of some antibody therapies or vaccines. Those mutations may also have phenotypical repercussions of greater severity. Furthermore, the accumulation of mutations poses a diagnostic risk (lowered when using multiplex assays), as seen for some assays targeting the S gene. With ongoing surveillance, many new VOC/Is have been identified. The emergence of the E484K mutation independently in different parts of the globe may reflect the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans against a background of increasing immunity. IMPLICATIONS These VOC/Is are increasing in frequency globally and pose challenges to any herd immunity approach to managing the pandemic. While vaccination is ongoing, vaccine updates may be prudent. The virus continues to adapt to transmission in humans, and further divergence from the initial Wuhan sequences is expected.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
Disponible
Colección:
Bases de datos internacionales
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Variación Genética
/
Pandemias
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
Anticuerpos Antivirales
Tipo de estudio:
Estudio observacional
/
Estudio pronóstico
/
Revisiones
Tópicos:
Vacunas
/
Variantes
Límite:
Humanos
País/Región como asunto:
Africa
/
America del Sur
/
Brasil
/
Europa
Idioma:
Inglés
Revista:
Clin Microbiol Infect
Asunto de la revista:
Enfermedades Transmisibles
/
Microbiologia
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Artículo
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