Artificial intelligence and computational modeling

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medical practice and altered strategies for healthcare delivery around the world. A massive growth of digital revolution has sparked the development of an increasing number of AI-based applications that can be deployed in clinical practice. The goal of this chapter is to describe the basics of machine learning and deep learning, and, using mostly publications from the last decade, we provide examples of how AI is used in respiratory diseases and computer modeling. We also describe applications of AI/mathematical learning in thoracic imaging, computer aid decision, and radiomics, particularly as they pertain to the detection and management of peripheral lung nodules and lung cancer, classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and detection of imaging patterns in patients with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we close our chapter with a brief discussion of some of the challenges to further implementation of these exciting technologies into the respiratory medicine. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.