Tourism and emerging infectious diseases: more connections than first meet the eye

ABSTRACT

Disease outbreaks can severely disrupt the global tourism sector. New approaches for preventing infectious diseases from emerging and spreading are urgently needed to secure the prosperity of the tourism industry. This conceptual article proposes a comprehensive framework of interrelationships between tourism and emerging infectious disease. The conceptual framework highlights the pathways in which the tourism industry itself can potentially contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including tourism-induced land changes, sourcing meat from intensive animal farms, global movement and close proximity of people, and high-risk sexual activities. Based on the interrelationships, the framework proposes tangible managerial action recommendations for tourism businesses and policy makers to contribute to the prevention of future disease outbreaks. This paper concludes with a research agenda on how scholars can support tourism practitioners and governments in reducing the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics.