How does playing without an audience affect the home advantage? [References]

ABSTRACT

The influence of the home advantage (HA) effect has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, some professional national football leagues played their matches in empty stadiums after the lockdown. Thus, teams were tested under a natural experiment playing at home without their crowd support. Therefore, this chapter will try to revise the initial scientific evidence about this new football reality where teams play closed door matches (ghost matches) without their fans. Additionally, the analysis of some key factors will be considered to bring light to the HA effect such as the competitive balance, the team ability, the variables studied, or the HA trend over the previous years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)