Sodium valproate treatment reverses endothelial dysfunction in aorta from rabbits with acute myocardial infarction.

Sodium valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, could be a promising candidate to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, AMI was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by occluding the left circumflex coronary artery for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. The animals were distributed into three experimental groups: the sham-operated group (SHAM), the AMI group and the AMI + VPA group (AMI treated with VPA 500 mg/kg/day). After 5 weeks, abdominal aorta was removed and used for isometric recording of tension in organ baths or protein expression by Western blot, and plasma for the determination of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels by colorimetric assay. Our results indicated that AMI induced a reduction of the endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine without modifying the endothelium-independent response to sodium nitroprusside, leading to endothelial dysfunction. VPA treatment reversed AMI-induced endothelial dysfunction and even increased NO sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle. This response was consistent with an antioxidant effect of VPA, as it was able to reverse the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) down-regulation induced by AMI. Our experiments also ruled out that the VPA mechanism was related to eNOS, iNOS, sGC and arginase expression or changes in NOx plasma levels. Therefore, we conclude that VPA improves vasodilation by increasing NO bioavailability, likely due to its antioxidant effect. Since endothelial dysfunction was closely related to AMI, VPA treatment could increase aortic blood flow, making it a potential agent in reperfusion therapy that can prevent the vascular damage.

Gender gaps in Mathematics and Language: The bias of competitive achievement tests.

This research paper examines the extent to which high-stakes competitive tests affect gender gaps in standardized tests of Mathematics and Language. To this end, we estimate models that predict students' results in two national standardized tests: a test that does not affect students' educational trajectory, and a second test that determines access to the most selective universities in Chile. We used data from different gender twins who took these tests. This strategy allows us to control, through household fixed effects, the observed and unobserved household characteristics. Our results show that competitive tests negatively affect women. In Mathematics, according to both tests, there is a gender gap in favor of men, which increases in the university entrance exam, especially for high-performance students. As the literature review shows, women are negatively stereotyped in Mathematics, so this stereotype threat could penalize high-achieving women, that is, those that go against the stereotype. In Language tests, women outperform men in the standardized test taken in high school, but the situation is reversed in the university entrance exam. From our analysis of Chilean national data, we find no evidence that the gender effect observed in the competitive test depends on the students' achievement level. Following the literature, this gender gap may be linked to women's risk aversion, lower self-confidence, lower preference for competition, as well as the effect of answering a test under time pressure.

Predominio del subtipo molecular Luminal B en un grupo de mujeres con cáncer de mama infiltrante del Eje Cafetero de Colombia: Análisis por técnica de inmunohistoquímica / Predominance of the Luminal B molecular subtype in a group of women with infiltrating breast cancer from the Coffee Region of Colombia: Analysis by immunohistochemistry

Resumen El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres y constituye un problema de salud pública debido a sus altas tasas de morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico se hace a través de estudios rutinarios de histopatología que se complementan con estudios de expresión de receptores hormonales (Receptores de Estrógenos y Progesterona), del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano 2 (HER2) e índice de proliferación celular (Ki67) para su subtipificación en grupos moleculares (Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 y triple negativo), los cuales tienen implicaciones pronósticas y terapéuticas diferentes. Globalmente, se ha reportado una alta prevalencia del subtipo Luminal A, predominantemente en Norteamérica, Europa y algunos países latinoamericanos, sin embargo, los reportes en la población colombiana son heterogéneos. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer un perfil de incidencia de dichos subtipos moleculares en una población del eje cafetero en Colombia. Retrospectivamente se analizaron muestras de 377 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama infiltrante, entre los años 2015 a 2018. Los diagnósticos histológicos incluyeron: Carcinomas Ductal infiltrante NOS (339 casos; 89.9 %), lobulillar infiltrante (23 casos; 6.1 %), mucinoso infiltrante (6 casos; 1.5 %), papilar infiltrante (1 caso; 0.2 %) y patrones mixtos: ductal-lobulillar (3 casos; 0.7 %) y ductal con componente mucinoso (5 casos; 1.3 %), de los cuales 56.2 % (212 casos) corresponden a luminal B, 22.2 % (84 casos) a Luminal A, 14.8 % (56 casos) a triple negativo y 6.6 % (25 casos) a HER2. Estos hallazgos contrastan con la prevalencia reportada a nivel mundial. Por lo tanto, en la población del eje cafetero colombiano, se debe considerar este predominio del patrón luminal B al momento de establecer pronóstico y tratamiento por parte del personal médico tratante.

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and constitutes a public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is made through routine histopathology studies that are complemented by expression studies of hormone receptors (Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) and cell proliferation index (Ki67) for their subtyping into molecular groups (Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 and triple negative), which have different prognostic and therapeutic implications. Globally, a high prevalence of the Luminal A subtype has been reported, predominantly in North America, Europe, and some Latin American countries; however, the reports in the Colombian population are heterogeneous. The objective of this research is to establish an incidence profile of these molecular subtypes in a population of the coffee region in Colombia. In retrospect, samples of 377 patients with a diagnosis of infiltrating breast cancer were analyzed, between the years 2015 and 2018. The histological diagnoses included: NOS infiltrating ductal carcinomas (339 cases; 89.9 %), infiltrating lobular (23 cases; 6.1%), infiltrating mucinous (6 cases; 1.5%), infiltrating papillary (1 case; 0.2%) and mixed patterns: ductal - lobular (3 cases; 0.7%) and ductal with mucinous component (5 cases; 1.3%), of which 56.2% (212 cases) correspond to luminal B, 22.2% (84 cases) to Luminal A, 14.8% (56 cases) to triple negative and 6.6% (25 cases) to HER2. These findings contrast with the prevalence reported worldwide. Therefore, in the population of the Colombian coffee region, this predominance of the luminal pattern B should be considered when establishing prognosis and treatment from medical staff.

Prevalencia y factores asociados al consumo de marihuana en adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia, en el 2016 / Prevalence and factors associated with marijuana use in school adolescents in Colombia, in 2016

Resumen Introducción: La marihuana es concebida como una droga de bajo riesgo, considerada ilegal en Colombia, si bien es la más consumida por los adolescentes. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia y examinar los factores asociados al consumo de marihuana durante los últimos 30 días por adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia. Método: Estudio transversal analítico. Muestra constituida por 80.018 adolescentes escolarizados entre 12 y 18 años. Se considera "adolescente consumidor de marihuana", a aquél que declaró haberla consumido durante los últimos treinta días. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables de interés, el sexo, la edad, el tipo de colegio, los episodios de ideación suicida y autolesión deliberada, la existencia de problemas de rendimiento académico y disciplinarios. Se realizó una descripción de la prevalencia de marihuana por cada una de las variables de interés. Se estimaron asociaciones por medio de modelos lineales generalizados, todos los análisis fueron ajustados por el factor de expansión. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de marihuana en los últimos 30 días fue del 4,3 % (IC 95 % 4,1 %- 4,6 %). Las mayores prevalencias de consumo se registraron en adolescentes que habían reportado 3 o más veces de ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses, y en aquellos que acusaron 3 o más veces de autolesión deliberada en los últimos 12 meses (10,4 % y 10,0 %, respectivamente). Se encontró una asociación con todas las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones: Se evidenció una fuerte asociación entre el consumo de marihuana y presencia de episodios de autolesiones deliberadas y episodios de ideación suicida en adolescentes escolarizados.

Summary Introduction: Marijuana is conceived as a low-risk drug, considered illegal in Colombia, and the most consumed by adolescents. Objective: To describe the prevalence and examine the factors associated with marijuana use during the last 30 days by adolescents in school in Colombia. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study. Sample is 80,018 adolescents in school between 12 and 18 years of age. An "adolescent user of marijuana" is one who declared having used it during the last thirty days. Variables of interest were considered: sex, age, type of school, episodes of suicidal ideation and deliberate self-harm, the existence of academic and disciplinary performance problems. A description of the prevalence of marijuana was made for each of the variables of interest. Associations were estimated using generalized linear models, all analyzes were adjusted for the expansion factor. Results: The prevalence of marijuana use in the last 30 days was 4.3% (95% CI 4.1%-4.6%). The highest prevalence of consumption was recorded in adolescents who had reported 3 or more times of suicidal ideation in the last 12 months, and in those who accused 3 or more times of deliberate self-harm in the last 12 months (10.4% and 10. 0%, respectively). An association was found with all the variables studied. Conclusions: A strong association was found between marijuana use and the presence of episodes of deliberate self-harm and episodes of suicidal ideation in school adolescents.

Formation of paramagnetic metallacyclobutadienes by reaction of diaminoacetylenes with molybdenum alkylidyne complexes.

The reactions of the molybdenum alkylidyne complex [MesC[triple bond, length as m-dash]Mo{OCMe(CF3)2}3] (1) with the diaminoacetylenes R2NC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CNR2 (2, NR2 = 4-methylpiperidinyl; 3, NR2 = NEt2; Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) afforded the metallacyclobutadiene (MCBD) complexes 4 and 5. In contrast to all other MCBD complexes, 4 and 5 are paramagnetic and best described as Mo(iv) species containing an anionic diaminodicarbene of the type [(R2N)CC(Mes)C(NR2)]-.

Associations between trunk flexion and physical activity of patient care workers for a single shift: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Trunk flexion and occupational physical activity are parameters that have been used to assess and characterize jobs with high physical demands. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the physical load of trunk flexion and physical activity of patient care unit (PCU) workers during a single work shift. METHODS: Participants wore an accelerometer to measure physical activity and an inclinometer to assess trunk flexion during a single work shift, which was compared using correlation and linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Participants spent 74% of their work time upright between - 10° to 20° and 19% of their time flexed between 20° to 45°. On average workers spent 3% and 5% of their time, in the extreme postures of less than - 10° and greater than 45°, respectively. Participants spent 99% of their shift below moderate and vigorous activity. The largest correlation found was between the number of forward trunk flexions to 20° degrees per shift and minutes in lifestyle activity (r = 0.6, p < 0.001). No correlations between minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity and trunk flexion were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the physical demands of patient care unit workers as measured through trunk flexion are associated with lifestyle and light levels of physical activity.

Eritema ab igne: a propósito de un caso / Erythema AB Igne: a case study

El eritema ab igne es una enfermedad cutánea inusual causada por la exposición crónica de la piel al calor en niveles menores de los necesarios para que ocurra una quemadura. Clínicamente se caracteriza por la presencia de telangiectasias reticuladas e hiperpigmentación de la piel. Su sitio de aparición típico es la zona anterior de los muslos, habitualmente en mujeres que se exponen a una fuente cercana de calor. No existe tratamiento efectivo descrito en la literatura actual y su progresión solo puede prevenirse mediante la eliminación de la exposición al calor. Presentamos un caso de una mujer de 50 años con antecedentes de esclerosis múltiple y psoriasis, que consultó por mácula hiperpigmentada e indolora localizada en región anterior de ambos muslos, de un mes de evolución, que apareció luego de la aplicación de almohadilla térmica por 2 semanas en zona descrita. Al examen físico destacaba la presencia de mácula hiperpigmentada de bordes difuminados, aspecto reticular, color marrón rojizo oscuro, localizada en región anterior de ambos muslos. Se realizó diagnóstico clínico de eritema ab igne, indicándose suspensión del uso de almohadilla térmica. No se indicó manejo específico. Actualmente persiste con hiperpigmentación.

Erythema ab igne is an unusual skin disease caused by chronic exposure to heat at levels too low to cause burns. It is characterized clinically by reticulated telangiectasias and hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is typically seen in anterior thighs, usually in women exposed to a close source of heat. No effective treatment has been described in the literature and progression can be prevented only by suspending the exposure to heat. We present the case of a 50 year old woman with multiple sclerosis and psoriasis who complained of painless hyperpigmented macules on both anterior thighs of one month duration after using a thermal cushion on the region for two weeks. She had dark reddish brown hyper-pigmented, reticulated macules with diffuse borders on each anterior thigh. Erythema ab igne was diagnosed and the use of the thermal cushion was discontinued. No specific treatment was given. The hyperpigmentation persisted.

Foliculitis decalvante: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Folliculitis decalvans: clinical case and review of the literature

La Foliculitis decalvante (FD) es un tipo de alopecia cicatricial poco frecuente, cuya presentación clínica se caracteriza por la presencia en el cuero cabelludo de pápulo-pústulas foliculares, habitualmente dolorosas, asociado a lesiones nodulares que evolucionan hacia áreas redondeadas de alopecia cicatricial, irregulares y atróficas. Su sospecha diagnóstica se basa en los hallazgos clínicos mencionados, siendo confirmada con biopsia de cuero cabelludo. A la fecha no existe un tratamiento estándar establecido, existiendo diversas alternativas terapéuticas con resultados variables. A continuación se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 42 años, que consultó en policlínico de Dermatología por cuadro de alopecia de larga data, sin controles previos. Al examen físico destacó la presencia de pústulas foliculares en cuero cabelludo y alopecia cicatricial irregular y atrófica. Marcadores inmunológicos negativos. Se realizó una biopsia del cuero cabelludo, obteniendo hallazgos que confirman diagnóstico de FD. Se inició manejo con corticoides intralesionales, con mala respuesta. Posteriormente se realizó tratamiento con terapia fotodinámica, doxiciclina e isotretinoína evolucionando con buena respuesta clínica.

Folliculitis decalvans is an infrequent scarring alopecia characterized by the appearance on the scalp of, usually painful, follicular pustules associated with nodular lesions which leave irregular, round, scarring, atrophic areas of alopecia. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and is confirmed by biopsy of the scalp. There is no standard treatment and therapeutic alternatives have variable results. We present the case of a 42 year old woman seen in a dermatology outpatients clinic for long term alopecia for which she had not previously consulted. The physical examination revealed follicular pustules on her scalp and irregular scarring atrophic alopecia. Immunological markers were negative. A biopsy of her scalp confirmed the diagnosis of FD. She responded poorly to intra-lesion corticoids. She then responded well to photodynamic therapy, doxycycline and isotretinoin.

Alkyne Metathesis with Silica-Supported and Molecular Catalysts at Parts-per-Million Loadings.

Improvement of the activity, stability, and chemoselectivity of alkyne-metathesis catalysts is necessary before this promising methodology can become a routine method to construct C≡C triple bonds. Herein, we show that grafting of the known molecular catalyst [MesC≡Mo(OtBuF6 )3 ] (1, Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, OtBuF6 =hexafluoro-tert-butoxy) onto partially dehydroxylated silica gave a well-defined silica-supported active alkyne-metathesis catalyst [(≡SiO)Mo(≡CMes)(OtBuF6 )2 ] (1/SiO2-700 ). Both 1 and 1/SiO2-700 showed very high activity, selectivity, and stability in the self-metathesis of a variety of carefully purified alkynes, even at parts-per-million catalyst loadings. Remarkably, the lower turnover frequencies observed for 1/SiO2-700 by comparison to 1 do not prevent the achievement of high turnover numbers. We attribute the lower reactivity of 1/SiO2-700 to the rigidity of the surface Mo species owing to the strong interaction of the metal site with the silica surface.

Competencias docentes para la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación y la evaluación de trabajos de grado y tesis doctorales en administración / The teaching competences for the instruction of research and the evaluation of research papers and doctoral theses in management

Este artículo aborda un tema de especial relevancia en la dinámica académica actual y en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de pre y postgrado, pues se relaciona directamente con los procesos de enseñanza y evaluación. Por ello este texto aborda dos procesos relacionados directamente con el quehacer investigativo, dado que secentra en la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación y en la evaluación de trabajos de grado y tesis doctorales y en las habilidades y competencias que deben desarrollar los docentes para realizar estas actividades.

This article discusses a topic of particular relevance in the current academic dynamics and in the process of training of undergraduate and graduate students, as it is directly related to the teaching and evaluation processes. That is why this text addresses these two processes directly related to research activities, giventhat it focuses on the teaching of research methodology and evaluation of research papers and doctoral theses, as well as in the skills and competencies that teachers must develop for carrying out these activities.

Características de la Anidación de Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) entre el 2010 y 2012 en Playa Tortuga Ojochal de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica / Features Lepidochelys olivacea Nesting (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) between 2010 and 2012 in Playa Tortuga Ojochal, Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

Resumen En las playas de arribada de Costa Rica el comportamiento de anidación y otros aspectos de la biología de Lepidochelys olivacea han sido ampliamente estudiados, pero existe poca información acerca de las playas de anidación solitaria en especial del Pacífico Sur. Por este motivo el objetivo del presente estudio es describir los aspectos relevantes del comportamiento de la anidación de L. olivacea en Playa Tortuga, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica, durante tres temporadas de anidación (2010, 2011, 2012). Se dividió la playa en 14 sectores de 100m cada uno, a partir de esto se realizaron patrullajes todas noches durante los meses de julio a diciembre (2010) y de julio a enero (2011, 2012), con el fin de registrar el comportamiento de anidación de las tortugas y proteger sus nidadas. Las hembras observadas fueron identificadas mediante la aplicación de marcas metálicas en sus aletas posteriores, se registró el número de huevos, el sector de ubicación de las nidadas, la hora, datos biométricos ancho y largo curvo del caparazón (ACC-LCC), también se contabilizaron todas las nidadas efectivas (con o sin tortuga). Se logró marcar 100 hembras de L. olivacea, y se contabilizaron un total de 233 nidadas en Playa Tortuga. Se determinó una frecuencia de anidación de dos veces por temporada con un intervalo de reanidación de 14 a 20 días y para cuatro individuos se registró un período de remigración de un año. Se estimó para las tres temporadas una población total de 117 hembras y se determinó el período de agosto a setiembre como el pico de anidación. Con respecto a la biometría, se obtuvo un valor de LCC promedio de 69.91±1.05cm y un valor de ACC promedio de 70.476+/-1.767cm. Un total de 18 711 huevos fueron colectados y 9 858 neonatos fueron reclutados. Se ha comprobado a partir de las tres temporadas de monitoreo que Playa Tortuga debe de ser considerada como una playa de anidación de L. olivacea, a pesar de que que su población actual de hembras anidantes es reducida en comparación a otras playas del Pacífico Sur. El marcaje es una herramienta útil para la caracterización de la frecuencia e intervalo de reanidación.

Abstract Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) have been amply studied on Costa Rican beaches that experience mass nestings, "arribadas", both in their nesting behavior and other aspects of their biology; however, very little published information exists about beaches where the Olive Ridley is nesting in solitary form, especially along the Southern Pacific Coast. For this reason, the objective of this study is to describe relevant nesting aspects, such as number of nest per season and nesting sites of L. olivacea on the Tortuga Beach in the South Pacific of Costa Rica, during three nesting seasons (2010, 2011, 2012). The beach was divided into 14 sectors of 100m each. Beach patrols were conducted every night from July to December (2010) and July to January (2011, 2012), with the purpose of observing and recording nesting behavior in the turtles as well as to protect their nests. The females observed were identified by means of metal tags applied to their rear flippers. Other data collected included: number of eggs deposited, nest location, hour, biometric data (width and length taken along the curve of the carapace), and the total of nests laid (found with or without the turtle present). After three seasons, 100 females of Olive Ridley Sea Turtle were successfully marked, and a total of 233 nests were counted. The frequency of re-nesting of an individual during a season was of every 14 to 20 days and four individuals re immigrated to nest again over the period of one year. The total population of nesting females during these three years was estimated at 117. The peak nesting happens in September, more sea turtles visited the beach during this period in all the seasons reported. With respect to biometry, the average value of the LCC was 69.91±1.05cm and the average value of the WCC was 70.476+/-1.767cm. A total of 18 711 eggs were collected and 9 858 were successfully hatched. The Tortuga Beach was proven to be a nesting beach of the species L. olivacea; the population of nesting females on the beach can be considered significantly reduced in comparison with other nesting beaches of the same species along the Southern Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Furthermore, marking the turtles with metal tags has proven a useful tool towards the characterization of the nesting aspects of the sea turtles, such as the frequency and interval of re-nesting, and other variables such as the re immigration which requires a period of time greater than the time period of the study to date. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 339-349. Epub 2015 April 01.

Physical activity levels at work and outside of work among commercial construction workers.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the number of minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activities at work and outside of work during seven consecutive days, in a sample of 55 commercial construction workers. METHODS: Workers wore accelerometers during work and outside-of-work hours for seven consecutive days and completed brief survey at the seventh day of data collection. RESULTS: From the directly measured physical activity, the average number per participant of moderate minutes of occupational physical activity and physical activity outside of work obtained in short bouts were 243 minutes (65%) and 130 minutes (35%), respectively. Directly measured minutes of vigorous occupational physical activity were significant and positively correlated with self-reported fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Among commercial construction workers, physical activity from work contributes significantly, approximately two thirds, toward a worker's total amount of weekly minutes of moderate physical activity.

Physical activity at work contributes little to patient care workers' weekly totals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity at work in comparison to weekly total minutes in a pilot study of 50 hospital patient care workers. METHODS: Workers wore accelerometers during work and nonwork hours for 7 days, and completed surveys at the end of the seventh day. RESULTS: Although the participants reported on average 206 minutes of moderate activity at work, the accelerometers recorded on average 30 minutes of moderate activity at work. For the 7 days the accelerometers measured a total of 165 minutes of moderate activity. Self-reported fatigue and functional limitations were negatively correlated albeit weakly with measured minutes of vigorous activity outside of work. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity at work on patient care units contributes a small fraction to these workers' weekly totals, and in turn meeting guidelines.

Revisión y experiencia en cinco casos de pericardiectomía extensa / Review and experience in five cases of extensive pericardiectomy

Objetivo: describir evolución de casos tratados por pericarditis constrictiva. Métodos: se presentan 5 casos tratados por orden cronológico por pericarditis constrictiva en los hospitales Amalia Simoni de Camagüey (4) y Martín Chang Puga de Nuevitas (1), en 5 años (2004-2008), cuya indicación quirúrgica principal fue la evidencia clínica de taponamiento cardiaco. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 49 años (rango 36-68), 4 pacientes del sexo masculino, en 4 el derrame fue serohemático y otro purulento. En un paciente apareció el corazón en coraza con calcificaciones. La etiología fue postraumática, infección aguda y metástasis pericárdica en un caso cada una. En 2 pacientes no se confirmó la tuberculosis pericárdica extrapulmonar, aunque pudo corresponderse. El acceso al tórax mayormente fue por toracotomía anterior izquierda, y el proceder fue la pericardiectomía extensa, previa punción pericárdica. De los 5 casos, 3 pacientes egresaron vivos y 2 fallecidos. Conclusiones: los pacientes con pericarditis constrictiva, derrame y signos de taponamiento cardiaco deben ser tratados con pericardiocentesis, y la pericardiectomía extensa, cuando esté indicada. Se considera una buena opción terapéutica(AU)

Objective: to describe the evolution of the cases treated by constrictive pericarditis. Methods: a retrospective study was performed in five cases treated by chronological order due to constrictive pericarditis in the hospitals Amalia Simoni of Camagüey province (4) and "Martin Chang Puga" of Nuevitas municipality (1) in 5 years (2004-2008) whose main surgical indication was the clinical evidence of cardiac tamponage. Results: mean age was of 49 years (range 36-68), four male patients in four of the leakage was serohematinic and another purulent type. In a patient there was a barrier heart with calcifications. Etiology was post-traumatic, acute infection and pericardial metastasis in a case each. In two patients extrapulmonary pericardial tuberculosis was not confirmed, although it could correspond. The thorax approach was mainly by left anterior thoracotomy and the procedure was an extensive pericardiectomy, previous pericardial puncture. From 5 cases, three patients were discharged alive and two dyed. Conclusions: patients presenting with constrictive pericarditis, leakage and signs of cardiac tamponage must to be treated with pericardiocentesis and the extensive pericardiectomy, when be prescribed. This is a good therapeutic option(AU)

Revisión y experiencia en cinco casos de pericardiectomía extensa / Review and experience in five cases of extensive pericardiectomy

Objetivo: describir evolución de casos tratados por pericarditis constrictiva. Métodos: se presentan 5 casos tratados por orden cronológico por pericarditis constrictiva en los hospitales Amalia Simoni de Camagüey (4) y Martín Chang Puga de Nuevitas (1), en 5 años (2004-2008), cuya indicación quirúrgica principal fue la evidencia clínica de taponamiento cardiaco. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 49 años (rango 36-68), 4 pacientes del sexo masculino, en 4 el derrame fue serohemático y otro purulento. En un paciente apareció el corazón en coraza con calcificaciones. La etiología fue postraumática, infección aguda y metástasis pericárdica en un caso cada una. En 2 pacientes no se confirmó la tuberculosis pericárdica extrapulmonar, aunque pudo corresponderse. El acceso al tórax mayormente fue por toracotomía anterior izquierda, y el proceder fue la pericardiectomía extensa, previa punción pericárdica. De los 5 casos, 3 pacientes egresaron vivos y 2 fallecidos. Conclusiones: los pacientes con pericarditis constrictiva, derrame y signos de taponamiento cardiaco deben ser tratados con pericardiocentesis, y la pericardiectomía extensa, cuando esté indicada. Se considera una buena opción terapéutica(AU)

Objective: to describe the evolution of the cases treated by constrictive pericarditis. Methods: a retrospective study was performed in five cases treated by chronological order due to constrictive pericarditis in the hospitals Amalia Simoni of Camagüey province (4) and "Martin Chang Puga" of Nuevitas municipality (1) in 5 years (2004-2008) whose main surgical indication was the clinical evidence of cardiac tamponage. Results: mean age was of 49 years (range 36-68), four male patients in four of the leakage was serohematinic and another purulent type. In a patient there was a barrier heart with calcifications. Etiology was post-traumatic, acute infection and pericardial metastasis in a case each. In two patients extrapulmonary pericardial tuberculosis was not confirmed, although it could correspond. The thorax approach was mainly by left anterior thoracotomy and the procedure was an extensive pericardiectomy, previous pericardial puncture. From 5 cases, three patients were discharged alive and two dyed. Conclusions: patients presenting with constrictive pericarditis, leakage and signs of cardiac tamponage must to be treated with pericardiocentesis and the extensive pericardiectomy, when be prescribed. This is a good therapeutic option(AU)

Facile η5-η3 hapticity interconversion in pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complexes containing a phenylmethallyl ("open indenyl") ligand.

The indenyl effect has been introduced to pentadienyl ("open cyclopentadienyl") chemistry by preparation of the phenylmethallyl ("open indenyl") ligand oInd(Me). The reaction of its potassium salt K(oInd(Me)) with [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))RuCl](4) afforded the sandwich complex [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(η(5)-oInd(Me))] (1), which, upon treatment with PMe(3), CO, and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CN-o-Xy), easily underwent η(5)-η(3) hapticity interconversion and formed the complexes [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ru(η(3)-oInd(Me))(L)] (2, L = PMe(3); 3, L = CO; 4, L = CN-o-Xy). In these complexes, the η(3)-bound phenylmethallyl ligand adopts an anti-conformation with regard to the relative positions of the phenyl and methyl substituents. For the PMe(3) complex anti-2, slow conversion to the syn-isomer was observed, and this equilibrium reaction was monitored by NMR spectroscopy at 50 °C to determine a first order rate constant of k(323 K) = 6.57 × 10(-6) (± 0.02 × 10(-6)) s(-1) and an activation barrier of ΔG° = 26.8 kcal mol(-1). DFT calculations afforded a stabilization of syn-2 and syn-3 by ΔG(298) = -1.54 and -1.74 kcal mol(-1) over the respective anti-isomer.

Metastasectomía pulmonar: experiencia de once años / Lung metastasectomy: experience of eleven years

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las metástasis pulmonares son frecuentes tanto en tumores primarios epiteliales como en los mesenquimatosos, y se explican por el hecho de que todo el gasto cardíaco transita por la circulación menor. La indicación quirúrgica es un problema de relación costo-beneficio y está condicionada entre otros aspectos por el intervalo libre de enfermedad, el estado general del paciente, el número de metástasis y el tipo de resección. El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar nuestra experiencia y resultados con dicho tratamiento. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo con 6 pacientes con metástasis en pulmón, tratados en el Hospital Amalia Simoni, de Camagüey, entre 1997 y 2007. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, edad, histopatología y localización del tumor primario, operación inicial, tiempo transcurrido entre la operación inicial y la metastasectomía, número de metástasis pre y transoperatorias, vía de abordaje, localización de los nódulos, tipo de resección quirúrgica y supervivencia. RESULTADOS. La media de edad fue de 56 años y no hubo diferencias en cuanto al sexo. En tres pacientes las tumoraciones primarias dependían del sistema digestivo, la mayoría fueron nódulos únicos y la lobectomía pulmonar fue el procedimiento más utilizado. La supervivencia promedio fue de 13 meses. No hubo morbilidad importante, ni fallecidos en la serie(AU)

INTRODUCTION. Lung metastases are frequent both in primary epithelial tumors and mesenchymatous tumors due to the fact that the whole cardiac output passes through the minor circulation. The surgical indication is a problem of cost-benefit relationship, and it is conditioned among other aspects by the disease free interval, the general state of the patient, the number of metastases and the type of resection. The objective of this study was to present our experience and results with this treatment. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 6 patients with lung metastasis treated at Amalia Simoni Hospital in Camaguey between 1997 and 2007. The variables analyzed were sex, age, histopathology and localization of the primary tumor, initial operation, time elapsed between the initial operation and metastasectomy, number of pre- and transoperative metastases, approach route, localization of the nodules, type of surgical resection and survival. RESULTS. Average age was 56 years old and there was no difference as regards sex. The primary tumors depended on the digestive system in 3 patients. Most of them were unique nodules and pulmonary lobectomy was the most used procedure. Average survival was 13 months. No important morbidity was reported and there were no deaths in the series(AU)

Metastasectomía pulmonar: experiencia de once años / Lung metastasectomy: experience of eleven years

Las metástasis pulmonares son frecuentes tanto en tumores primarios epiteliales como en los mesenquimatosos, y se explican por el hecho de que todo el gasto cardíaco transita por la circulación menor. La indicación quirúrgica es un problema de relación costo-beneficio y está condicionada entre otros aspectos por el intervalo libre de enfermedad, el estado general del paciente, el número de metástasis y el tipo de resección. El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar nuestra experiencia y resultados con dicho tratamiento. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo con 6 pacientes con metástasis en pulmón, tratados en el Hospital Amalia Simoni, de Camagüey, entre 1997 y 2007. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, edad, histopatología y localización del tumor primario, operación inicial, tiempo transcurrido entre la operación inicial y la metastasectomía, número de metástasis pre y transoperatorias, vía de abordaje, localización de los nódulos, tipo de resección quirúrgica y supervivencia. La media de edad fue de 56 años y no hubo diferencias en cuanto al sexo. En tres pacientes las tumoraciones primarias dependían del sistema digestivo, la mayoría fueron nódulos únicos y la lobectomía pulmonar fue el procedimiento más utilizado. La supervivencia promedio fue de 13 meses. No hubo morbilidad importante, ni fallecidos en la serie(AU)

Lung metastases are frequent both in primary epithelial tumors and mesenchymatous tumors due to the fact that the whole cardiac output passes through the minor circulation. The surgical indication is a problem of cost-benefit relationship, and it is conditioned among other aspects by the disease free interval, the general state of the patient, the number of metastases and the type of resection. The objective of this study was to present our experience and results with this treatment. A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 6 patients with lung metastasis treated at Amalia Simoni Hospital in Camaguey between 1997 and 2007. The variables analyzed were sex, age, histopathology and localization of the primary tumor, initial operation, time elapsed between the initial operation and metastasectomy, number of pre- and transoperative metastases, approach route, localization of the nodules, type of surgical resection and survival. Average age was 56 years old and there was no difference as regards sex. The primary tumors depended on the digestive system in 3 patients. Most of them were unique nodules and pulmonary lobectomy was the most used procedure. Average survival was 13 months. No important morbidity was reported and there were no deaths in the series(AU)