ABSTRACT
Patients with cancer are poorly represented in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) series, and heterogeneous series concerning hematology patients have been published. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma. We present a multicenter retrospective study from 19 centers in Madrid, Spain, evaluating risk factors for mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 and lymphoma. About 177 patients (55.9% male) were included with a median follow-up of 27 days and a median age of 70 years. At the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, 49.7% of patients were on active treatment. The overall mortality rate was 34.5%. Age >70 years, confusion, urea concentration, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age >65 score ≥2, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease were associated with higher mortality risk (P < 0.05). Active disease significantly increased the risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.77; P = 0.01). However, active treatment did not modify mortality risk and no differences were found between the different therapeutic regimens. The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive polymerase chain reaction after week 6 was significantly associated with mortality (54.5% versus 1.4%; P < 0.001). We confirm an increased mortality compared with the general population. In view of our results, any interruption or delay in the start of treatment should be questioned given that active treatment has not been demonstrated to increase mortality risk and that achieving disease remission could lead to better outcomes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobin S (HbS) alpha-thalassemia together with ss-thalassemia and hemoglobins C, E and D are named common hemoglobinopathies. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of the association between alpha-thalassemia and HbS and its phenotypic expression. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Since January 1995 to March 2003 we studied 83 cases of HbS, which were diagnosed by electrophoretic and chromatographic criteria. The molecular study was carried out by Southern blot with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II and a (1.5 Kb Pst) and z (1.8 Kb Sac Y) probes. RESULTS: 45 cases (54.2%) had a-thalassemia (36 -alpha3,7/aa; 1-alpha4,2/alphaalpha; 6 -alpha3,7/-alpha3,7; 1-alpha4,2/-alpha4,2); 36 had not alpha-thalassemia and in two cases there were a triplication of a genes. The patients with HbS heterozygote associated with alpha-thalassemia showed a percentage of HbS (p < 0.0001), CMV (p = 0.004), MCH (p = 0.002) and MCHC (p = 0.02) significantly lower than the cases of HbS without this association. However, no differences between both groups were found with regard to the rest of parameters analyzed (Hb p = 0.56; PVC p = 0.84; RDW p = 0.06; Reticulocytes p = 0.26; HbF p = 0.76; HbA2 p = 0.13). In the cases with a severe form of disease (HbS homozygote; HbS/Hb C; HbS/beta-thalassemia), patients with alpha-thalassemia had a number of leukocytes that was significantly lower than that of patients without alpha-thalassemia (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: An association between HbS and alpha-thalassemia was common (> 50%). Screening for this association is of great interest because the clinical expression in the cases of HbS homozigote will be modulated. This association must be suspected in cases of homozygous HbS in which levels of HbS are lower than expected.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , alpha-Thalassemia/genetics , Hemoglobinopathies/genetics , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Humans , Phenotype , SpainABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: La hemoglobina (Hb) S y la alfatalasemia son, junto con la betatalasemiay las Hb C, E y D, las denominadas hemoglobinopatías comunes, las cuales presentan una alta prevalencia en las zonas históricamente endémicas de paludismo. En este estudio analizamos la frecuencia de la asociación de estas 2 hemoglobinopatías, así como su expresión fenotípica. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Entre enero de 1995 y marzo de 2003 hemos realizado un estudio molecular para descartar la presencia de una alfatalasemia asociada de un total de 83 casos diagnosticados de hemoglobinopatías S por criterios electroforéticos y cromatográficos. El estudio molecular se realizó por Southern blot con las endonucleasas de restricción Bam HI y Bgl II, y lassondas α (1,5 Kb Pst I) y ζ (1,8 Kb Sac Y).RESULTADOS: De los 83 casos estudiados, 45 (54,2%) presentaban alfatalasemia (37 -α3,7/αα; 1-α4,2/αα; 6 -α3,7/-α3,7; 1 -α4,2/-α4,2); 36 no tenían alfatalasemia y en 2 había una triplicación degenes α. Los pacientes con HbS heterocigota asociada a alfatalasemia presentaron el porcentajede HbS (p 50%en nuestra experiencia). El cribado de esta asociación es de gran interés, ya que puede modularla expresión clínica de los casos de HbS homocigota. Dicha asociación se debe sospecharen los casos de HbS heterocigota con valores más bajos de HbS de lo esperado
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobin S (HbS) α-thalassemia together with β-thalassemia and hemoglobins C, E and D are named common hemoglobinopathies. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of the association between α-thalassemia and HbS and its phenotypic expression. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Since January 1995 to March 2003 we studied 83 cases of HbS, which were diagnosed by electrophoretic and chromatographic criteria. The molecular study was carried out by Southern blot with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II and a (1.5 Kb Pst)and z (1.8 Kb Sac Y) probes. RESULTS: 45 cases (54.2%) had a-thalassemia (36 -α3,7/aa; 1-α4,2/αα; 6 -α3,7/-α3,7; 1-α4,2/-α4,2); 36 had not α-thalassemia and in two cases there were a triplication of a genes. The patients with HbS heterozygote associated with α-thalassemia showed a percentage of HbS(p 50%). Screening for this association is of great interest because the clinical expression in the cases of HbS homozygote will be modulated. This association must be suspected in cases of homozygous HbSin which levels of HbS are lower than expected
