Habilidades motoras y de procesamiento en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson en comparación con adultos mayores sanos. Un estudio transversal / Motor and process skills of people with parkinson’s disease compared to healthy older adults. A cross-sectional study

Introducción Tanto la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) como el proceso de envejecimiento están asociados con limitaciones funcionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias en habilidades motoras y de procesamiento entre individuos con EP y adultos mayores sanos, así como observar cómo la progresión de la enfermedad afecta al desempeño de las habilidades motoras y de procesamiento en pacientes con EP. Sujetos y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se empleó la medida de la Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) para analizar las diferencias en las habilidades motoras y de procesamiento de tareas cotidianas entre personas con EP y adultos mayores sanos, emparejados en edad y sexo. Se administró la sección III de la Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, la escala de Hoehn y Yahr (HY) y la escala de Schwab & England para determinar la gravedad de la enfermedad. Resultados Se reclutó a 70 participantes (49 pacientes con EP y 21 adultos mayores sanos). Nuestros resultados mostraron que incluso en estadios moderados de la enfermedad, tanto las habilidades motoras como las de procesamiento se encontraron deterioradas en los pacientes con EP en comparación con los adultos mayores sanos (p < 0,001). A medida que avanza la enfermedad, las habilidades motoras y de procesamiento presentan un deterioro significativo en las personas con EP. Conclusiones La EP conduce a un mayor deterioro de las habilidades motoras y de procesamiento en comparación con adultos mayores sanos. A medida que avanzan los estadios de la enfermedad según la escala HY, el rendimiento en las habilidades motoras y de procesamiento se deteriora significativamente entre los estadios moderados y avanzados de la EP. Según la escala AMPS, los pacientes con EP no muestran un deterioro en las habilidades de procesamiento hasta el estadio HY IV, pero muestran deterioro motor en los estadios HY II, III y IV. (AU)

INTRODUCTION Both Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the process of ageing are associated with functional limitations. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor and process skills between individuals with PD and healthy older adults, as well as to observe how disease progression affects motor and process skills performance in PD patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) measure was employed in order to analyze the differences in the motor and process skills of daily tasks in people with PD and healthy older adults age- and sex-matched. Part III of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale and the Schwab & England scale was administered to determine the severity of the disease. RESULTS Seventy participants (49 patients with PD and 21 healthy older adults) were recruited for this study. Our results showed that even at moderate stages of the disease, both motor and process skills were found deteriorated in PD patients more than older healthy older adults (p < 0.001). As PD progresses, motor and process skills present significantly deterioration. CONCLUSION. PD leads to a greater deterioration in motor and process skills compared to healthy older adults. As disease stages advance according to the HY scale, performance in motor and process skills deteriorates significantly between moderate and advanced PD stages. According to the AMPS scale, PD patients show no impairment of processing skills up to HY IV, but motor impairment at HY stages II, III and IV.

Multidimensional analysis of sedentary behaviour and participation in Spanish stroke survivors (Part&Sed-Stroke): a protocol for a longitudinal multicentre study.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke survivors usually experience long-lasting functional, emotional and social consequences that might contribute to sedentary behaviour and participation restrictions, which are important targets to address during rehabilitation. However, the trajectory and inter-relationship between these factors are unknown. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Part&Sed is a research project based on an observational study design with 6 and 12 months of follow-ups in stroke survivors. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the impact of the stroke on the stroke survivor, validation of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance assessment tool and analysis of the reliability of the Fitbit Inspire 2 activity tracker wristband will be carried out. Participants will be chronic stroke survivors with independent walking capacity. Sociodemographic and clinical data, physical activity, ambulation, sleep, quality of life, anxiety and depression, community participation, and occupational satisfaction and balance, as well as data provided by the activity tracker wristband, will be collected. In addition, if the participant has a primary caregiver, the caregiver will also be monitored. A minimum of 130 participants will be recruited to conduct a random-effects multiple regression model. Mixed models for repeated measures will assess the variation over time of the different variables associated with participation and sedentary behaviour. Psychometric properties (eg, internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest reliability) of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance will be determined. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimum detectable change will be calculated to assess intrasubject reliability of physical activity and sleep parameters recorded by the Fitbit Inspire 2. The qualitative analysis process will be carried out using the analysis proposed by Giorgi. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received ethical approval from the Spanish Regional Ethics Committee 'Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad de Aragón' (PI21/333). The results will be made available via peer-reviewed publications, international conferences and official channels.

Occupational performance in multiple sclerosis and its relationship with quality of life and fatigue.

BACKGROUND: Performance and perceived satisfaction of daily occupations in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect the perception of their quality of life and be impacted by the level of fatigue. AIM: To describe the performance and occupational self-perception, as well as to analyze whether there is a relationship between the perception of occupational performance and the quality of life and perceived fatigue. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Participants were referred by the services of Neurology of the various hospitals in Madrid. The assessment process was performed either at the MS' associations, in the participants' home, or at the Laboratory of Cognitive Intervention of the Health Sciences Faculty of the University. POPULATION: A total sample of 30 people with MS (pwMS) selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling during a three-months uptake patient recruitment period. METHODS: The outcome measures used were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQoL-54). Descriptive analysis, parametric and non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between occupational performance and physical and mental health. Also, high physical health scores were associated with high satisfaction scores. Multiple regression models indicated that high levels of satisfaction were associated with high levels of physical health (P= 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The better the perception of the physical aspects that influence the quality of life, the better the perceived satisfaction of pwMS. Fatigue may not influence self-perceived satisfaction and performance. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The physical factors affecting perceived satisfaction should be considered when planning interventions to promote quality of life in pwMS. Although fatigue associated with MS may influence perceived performance and satisfaction, no relevant associations were found between variables.

Spanish Transcultural Adaptation of the Activity Card Sort.

The Activity Card Sort (ACS) measures the level of participation, as perceived by each person which, unlike other scales, makes it both personal and significant. However, there is a limitation to applying the ACS to Spanish older adults as it is restricted to culturally relevant activities solely in the United States. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select activity items that reflected Spanish older adults' lifestyles in order to develop the Activity Card Sort-Spain Version (ACS-SP). Frequently, activities performed in Spain (n = 103) were listed in an initial draft. The Likert scale was administrated to a large group of Spanish nationals over the age of 60 years (n = 98) to establish which type of activities will be eventually included in the Spanish version. The final version was drawn up comprising 79 activities distributed between four performance areas. In addition, other activities that were not previously included by other assessment tools were considered and have been listed in this review, such as taking a nap, going out for a drink or "tapas," or searching for a job. The gradual adaptation to ACS for Spaniards will make it possible to measure the level of an individual's participation within a community. However, further work on psychometric properties is needed.

Spanish Transcultural Adaptation and Validity of the Behavioral Inattention Test.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt, validate, and translate the Behavioral Inattention Test as an assessment tool for Spanish individuals with unilateral spatial neglect. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: University laboratories. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 75 Spanish stroke patients and 18 healthy control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Behavioral Inattention Test. RESULTS: The Spanish version of the Behavioral Inattention Test shows a high degree of reliability both in the complete test (α = .90) and in the conventional (α = .93) and behavioral subtests (α = .75). The concurrent validity between the total conventional and behavioral scores was high (r = -.80; p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between patients with and without unilateral spatial neglect (p < 0.001). In the comparison between right and left damaged sides, differences were found in all items, except for article reading (p = 0.156) and card sorting (p = 0.117). CONCLUSIONS: This measure is a useful tool for evaluating unilateral spatial neglect as it provides information on everyday problems. The BIT discriminates between stroke patients with and without unilateral spatial neglect. This measure constitutes a reliable tool for the diagnosis, planning, performance, and design of specific treatment programs intended to improve the functionality and quality of life of people with unilateral spatial neglect.

Balance deficiencies in women with fibromyalgia assessed using computerised dynamic posturography: a cross-sectional study in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: Our aims were (1) to compare the sensory organisation of balance control and balance strategies between women with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy women; (2) to investigate which sensory component, that is, vestibular, visual or somato-sensory, is the most affected in FM and (3) to determine the associations between the functional independence measure (FIM) and balance responses in FM. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Urban regional hospital and university (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Twenty women with FM and 20 matched healthy women. PRIMARY/SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensory organisation test (SOT) was used to determine postural sway and balance during six different conditions with subjects in a standing position. The FIM was used to determine the level of functional independence in daily life activities (ADL). Between-group differences were analysed with analysis of covariance, and the Spearman's test was used for correlations. RESULTS: Significant differences between-groups and between-conditions were found for all SOT conditions (all, p<0.001): women with FM showed lower scores being the vestibular score the most affected. Different correlations between SOT conditions and some specific ADL were observed in the FM group: bathing activity and balance condition 6 (rs=0.541; p<0.001), bed transfers activity and conditions 2 (rs=0.491; p<0.001) and 3 (rs=0.510; p<0.001), positioning strategy six and dressing the upper (rs=0.530; p<0.001) or lower (rs=0.562; p<0.001) body, and toileting (rs=0.521; p<0.001): the greater the loss of balance, the greater the interference on some daily life activities. CONCLUSIONS: Women with FM exhibited balance deficiencies and used different strategies for maintaining their balance in standing, which was associated with a negative impact on functional independence.

Funciones ejecutivas y capacidad laboral en usuarios diagnosticados de espectro de la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos / No disponible

El empleo constituye un elemento esencial en la integración social de cualquier individuo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la situación cognitiva y la capacidad laboral de la muestra y su relación con la inserción laboral. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de once participantes, trabajadores y desempleados, pertenecientes al Centro de Rehabilitación Laboral de Vallecas y diagnosticados de espectro de la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos. Tras la firma del consentimiento informado fueron evaluados a través del test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), el Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) y el Perfil de Personalidad Laboral (PPL). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la situación cognitiva global y la capacidad ejecutiva total fueron similares en ambos grupos, al contrario que los resultados obtenidos en la capacidad laboral. En el grupo de trabajadores se observó una peor adaptación al Trabajo, presentaron menos capacidades para afrontar factores estresantes. Además, se observaron peores habilidades para iniciar y secuenciar tareas, lo que se asoció con unas peores habilidades sociales y mayores dificultades para aceptar la autoridad. En el grupo de no trabajadores se observó una peor capacidad para realizar las tareas propias del puesto de trabajo y para adaptarse a los factores estresantes del entorno laboral. También se observó como una peor capacidad para secuenciar tareas se relacionó con un peor desarrollo de habilidades sociales, y como un peor desempeño en la capacidad para evitar situaciones peligrosas supone un menor nivel de adaptación al trabajo. En conclusión, el deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas existente en las personas diagnosticadas dentro del espectro de la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos, afectan a diferentes comportamientos y competencias laborales, dificultando la inserción al mundo laboral y el mantenimiento del empleo

Employment is a key element in the social integration of any individual. In this study, we explored the relationship between cognitive functioning and working ability, and its effect on job emplacement. A descriptive cross-sectional design with a sample of eleven participants diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (both employed and unemployed) was performed. The participants were being treated at the Vocational Rehabilitation Services in Vallecas. After signing the informed consent form, the participants were evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA), the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) and The Work Personality Profile (WPP). The global cognitive situation and the global executive ability were similar in both, the employed and the unemployed group. However, the work ability results differed between groups. The employed group showed a worst Work Adjustment, with fewer capabilities to deal with stressors in the work environment. In addition, they showed poorer skills in Starting and sequencing tasks, which was associated with worse Social Skills and greater difficulty Accepting Authority. On the other hand, the unemployed group showed a worse ability to perform tasks and routines of the job. This group also showed less capability to deal with the stressors of the work environment without losing control and responding with socially inappropriate behaviors. Furthermore, a worse capacity for Sequencing tasks was associated with a poorer development of Social Skills in unemployed individuals, as well as a worse performance in the capacity to avoid dangerous situations was linked with a lower level of Work Adjustment. In conclusion, executive functions impairment in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders appears to be associated with difficulties in work behaviors and skills. Therefore, disabled people show harder difficulties to find and maintain the employment