Influencia de la inteligencia emocional percibida, la ansiedad y el estrés sobre la presencia de síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de medicina chilenos/as

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional facilita la gestión de emociones displacenteras, no obstante, su rol respecto de síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de medicina está aún en estudio y no está claro el peso que la inteligencia emocional tiene sobre este tipo de sintomatología. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los factores de la inteligencia emocional percibida y la sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y estrés, en estudiantes de primer y sexto año de medicina. Método: con un diseño transversal expostfacto y un análisis Rlog hacia atrás, se observó la asociación entre la inteligencia emocional con la depresión en los estudiantes. Resultados: el único factor de la inteligencia emocional que explicó la presencia de síntomas depresivos fue la regulación emocional (Exp B= ,258: IC= 95%; ,128-,519; p=,000). También se identificó que la ansiedad y el estrés explicaron una proporción importante de la varianza de los síntomas depresivos (R2 Nagelkerke=,426) y que la presencia de cada uno de ellos aumentaba la probabilidad de presentar esta sintomatología. Conclusiones: Los datos muestran la importancia de la regulación emocional, la ansiedad y el estrés como predictores en la intensidad de la sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes de medicina, así como la diferenciación por sexo en la presencia de síntomas depresivos.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence facilitates the management of unpleasant emotions, however, emotional intelligence's role regarding the presence of depressive symptoms in medical students is still being studied, and it is not clear the relevance of emotional intelligence might have on this type of symptomatology. Objective: Analyze the relationship between factors of the perceived emotional intelligence and the presence of depressive and anxious symptoms and stress in first- and sixth-year medical students. Methods: Using a ex post facto design and a log-backward analysis the association between emotional intelligence factors and depression in students was observed. Results: The only emotional intelligence factor that explained the presence of depressive symptoms was emotional regulation (Exp B= ,258: CI= 95%; ,128-,519; p=,000). It was also identified that anxiety and stress explained a significant proportion of the variance of depressive symptoms (R2 Nagelkerke=,426) and that the presence of each of them increased the probability of presenting this symptomatology. Conclusions: The data show the importance of the emotional regulation, as a predictor of the intensity of depressive symptomatology in medical student. Also, of other variables included in the model such as: stress and anxiety symptoms and gender differentiation in the presence of depressive symptoms.

Estimation of carbon footprint and sources of emissions of an extensive alpaca production system.

A cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment was conducted following international standards (ISO 14040, 2006) to estimate sources of greenhouse gas emissions of an extensive alpaca production system in the Peruvian Andes with a focus on carbon footprint. The assessment encompasses all supply chain processes involved with the production of alpaca fiber and meat. Direct (i.e., enteric fermentation, manure, and manure management) and indirect emissions (i.e., electricity, fuel, and fertilizer) of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane were estimated according to the (IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006. IPCC 2006 for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 2, Chapter 3. Mobile Combustion. Volume 4, Chapter 10. Emissions from livestock and manure management. Chapter 11. N2O emissions from managed soils and CO2 emissions derived from the application of lime and urea. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol4.html ). Carbon footprint was calculated based on a mass, economic, and biophysical allocation. The functional unit of the economic and mass allocations was 1 kg of LW as the main product and 1 kg of white or colored fiber as co-products. The functional unit of the biophysical allocation was 1 kg of live weight and 1 kg of fiber. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions came from enteric fermentation (67%), followed by direct and indirect nitrous oxide emissions (29%). The estimated carbon footprint of the extensive alpaca production system, considering a 20% offtake rate, was 24.0 and 29.5 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per kg of live weight for the economic and mass allocations, respectively, while for the biophysical allocation was 22.6 and 53.0 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per kg of alpaca live weight and alpaca fiber, respectively. The carbon footprint per area was 88.6 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per ha.

EUS-guided tissue acquisition in the study of the adrenal glands: Results of a nationwide multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA), by fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) or biopsy (EUS-FNB), in the evaluation of the adrenal glands (AG). The primary aim was to assess the diagnostic yield and safety. The secondary aims were the malignancy predictors, and to create a predictive model of malignancy. METHODS: This was a retrospective nationwide study involving all Spanish hospitals experienced in EUS-TA of AGs. Inclusion period was from April-2003 to April-2016. Inclusion criteria: all consecutive cases that underwent EUS-TA of AGs. EUS and cytopathology findings were evaluated. Statistical analyses: diagnostic accuracy of echoendoscopist's suspicion using cytology by EUS-TA, as gold standard; multivariate logistic regression model to predict tumor malignancy. RESULTS: A total of 204 EUS-TA of AGs were evaluated. Primary tumor locations were lung70%, others19%, and unknown11%. AG samples were adequate for cytological diagnosis in 91%, and confirmed malignancy in 60%. Diagnostic accuracy of the endosonographer's suspicion was 68%. The most common technique was: a 22-G (65%) and cytological needle (75%) with suction-syringe (66%). No serious adverse events were described. The variables most associated with malignancy were size>30mm (OR2.27; 95%CI, 1.16-4.05), heterogeneous echo-pattern (OR2.11; 95%CI, 1.1-3.9), variegated AG shape (OR2.46; 95%CI, 1-6.24), and endosonographer suspicion (OR17.46; 95%CI, 6.2-58.5). The best variables for a predictive multivariate logistic model of malignancy were age, sex, echo-pattern, and AG-shape. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-TA of the AGs is a safe, minimally invasive procedure, allowing an excellent diagnostic yield. These results suggest the possibility of developing a pre-EUS procedure predictive malignancy model.

Caracterización clínico - epidemiológica de pacientes con artritis séptica: año 2013: Instituto Traumatológico de Chile / Clinical - epidemiological characteristics of patients with septic arthritis: year 2013 Instituto Traumatologico of Chile

Artritis séptica (AS) es la reacción inflamatoria de una articulación desencadenada por microorganismos, provocando destrucción osteocondral y pérdida funcional irreversible si no es tratada a tiempo. El cuadro clínico de esta patología debe despertar sospecha del médico, obligando a realizar diagnóstico y manejo adecuado. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a pacientes con AS del InstitutoTraumatológico de Santiago, Chile (IT) y describir su manejo realizado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, analizando fichas clínicas electrónicas de pacientes mayores de 15 años atendidos en elServicio de Urgencia del IT con diagnóstico de AS, durante el año 2013 (n=28). Los datos fueron tabulados en una planilla Microsoft® Excel® 2010. RESULTADOS: 68 por ciento fueron pacientes masculinos. Edad promedio de 54 años. Se realizaron 2 aseos quirúrgicos en promedio por paciente. 17 días fue el promedio de estadía hospitalaria. Principales comorbilidades fueron hipertensión arterial (29 por ciento) y diabetes mellitus 2 (21 por ciento). En síntomas predominó dolor (93 por ciento) y aumento de volumen (82 por ciento).La localización más frecuente fue rodilla (53,6 por ciento). Etiología más habitual fue Staphyloccocus aureus (60 por ciento). Las alteraciones de laboratorio fueron VHS elevada (90 por ciento), PCR elevada (80 por ciento) y leucocitosis(45 por ciento). Tratamiento antibiótico empírico más utilizado fue esquema tri asociado de cloxacilina, gentamicina y penicilinasódica (60 por ciento). Antibioticoterapia ambulatoria más indicada fuecloxacilina (60 por ciento). DISCUSIÓN: Recalcamos la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de la AS, cuyo pronóstico y complicaciones dependen directamente de su pesquisa temprana. Las características clínico - epidemiológicas del presente estudio son consistentes con lo descrito en la literatura nacional e internacional...

Septic arthritis (SA) is the inflammatory reaction of an articular surface by the presence of microorganisms. It can cause joint destruction and rapid functional loss. Clinical manifestations of septic arthritis should be considered a medical emergency, therefore proper diagnosis and management is mandatory. OBJECTIVES: To characterize clinically and epidemiologically adult patients with SA from Instituto Traumatologico de Santiago de Chile (IT) and to describe its treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study analyzing electronic health records of patients over 15 years old, with diagnosis of SA, attended in the ER of the IT during 2013 (n=28). Data were tabulated in an Excel2010spreadsheet. RESULTS: 68 percent of patients were males. Average age was 54 years. An average of 2 surgical toilettes was performed per patient. The mean impatient stay was 17 days. Major comorbidities were hypertension (29 percent) and diabetes mellitus type 2(21 percent). The main symptoms were pain (93 percent) and swelling (82 percent).The most common location was the knee (53,6 percent). Most common etiology was Staphyloccocus aureus (60 percent). The laboratory abnormalities were high ESR (90 percent), elevated CRP (80 percent) and leukocytosis (45 percent). The most used empiric antibiotic the rap was the triassociated scheme of cloxacillin, gentamicin and sodium penicillin (60 percent). Most indicated outpatient antibiotic was cloxacillin (60 percent). DISCUSSION: We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of SA, having direct consequences in complications and prognosis if not made quickly. Both clinical and epidemiological findings of our study were comparable to those found in national and international literature...

Characterization of different groups of elderly according to social engagement activity patterns.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to segment older people in subgroups with similar social engagement activity patterns in order to better target public health interventions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data, collected in 2005 by Dutch community health services (response 79%), from 22026 independently living elderly aged 65 or older were used. Cluster analysis was performed to derive subgroups with common social engagement activity patterns, which were compared for their self-perceived health, mental health, physical health, and loneliness. RESULTS: Among the independently living older people, five subgroups were identified with different patterns of social engagement activities: less social engaged elderly, less social engaged caregivers, social engaged caregivers, leisure engaged elderly, and productive engaged elderly. The subgroups differed significantly in social engagement activities, socio-demographics, and health (p < 0.001). The groups with the highest relative numbers of older people who were frequently engaged in leisure and productive-related activities, also included relatively more elderly with a good self-perceived health (85.8% versus 58.8%), mental health (91.3% versus 74.6%), physical health (97.7% versus 73.0%), and elderly who were not lonely (70.0% versus 52.0%) when compared to the least healthy subgroup. CONCLUSION: Older people could be segmented in subgroups based on similar social engagement patterns. Groups with elderly who were less socially engaged demonstrate to be possible target groups for public health interventions, given the relatively high shares of unhealthy older people among them.

Detection, Distribution, and Genetic Variability of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species Associated with Zebra Complex Disease of Potato in North America.

The specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers developed for 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' were evaluated in conventional and real-time PCR assays. All PCR primers were specific for 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' and 'Ca. L. solanacearum' insomuch as they did not detect other prokaryotic plant pathogens that affect potato except for the putative pathogens associated with psyllid-yellows and haywire. Conventional PCR assays were capable of detecting 0.19 to 1.56 ng of total DNA per reaction, and real-time PCR was found capable of detecting 1.56 to 6.25 ng of total DNA per reaction, depending on the specific PCR primer set used. 'Ca. Liberibacter' species associated with zebra complex disease (ZC) was confirmed in plants affected by this disease throughout Texas from 2005 to 2008, in seed tubers produced in Wyoming in 2007, and in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Mexico in 2008. A multiplex PCR assay using 'Ca. L. solanacearum'-specific primers and primers specific for the ß-tubulin DNA regions from potato was developed, providing possible utility of the multiplex assay for 'Ca. Liberibacter' detection in different solanaceous plant species. Preliminary studies suggest silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), wolfberry (Lycium barbarum), black nightshade (S. ptychanthum), and jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum) as additional solanaceous hosts for the ZC-associated bacterium. The 'Ca. Liberibacter' species detected in all samples divided into two clusters sharing similarity of 99.8% in their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and 99.3% in their partial intergenic spacer region (ISR)-23S rRNA gene sequences. Genetic variation in the 16S rDNA region consistently matched that of the ISR-23S rDNA region. In this partial 16S-ISR-23S rDNA region, there was a total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms among 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' and 'Ca. L. solanacearum' "strains" investigated in this study. 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' were shown to be very closely related bacteria, if not the same, by successful amplification using a combination of forward primer of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and reverse primer of 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' in ZC-affected potato samples. This finding clarifies the current taxonomic status of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and 'Ca. L. psyllaurous'. The detection of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' from haywire-symptomatic potato samples demonstrates that this bacterium might also be associated with this disease.

Determinación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de diferentes métodos para el análisis de sodio y potasio en suero humano / Determination of sensibility and specifcity of diferent methods for the analysis of sodium and potasium in human serium

Pregunta de Investigación.- ¿Cuál de los métodos empleados es más sensible y especifico para la determinación de sodio y potasio en suero humano?. Objetivo. Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de los métodos: Fotometría de emisión a la Llama, Espectrofotometría Visible-UV; Espectroscopia de Absorción Atómica y potenciometria de Ion Electrodo Selectivo, por análisis de la concentración de Sodio y Potasio en el suero humano. Diseño de Investigación. Método de Test Diagnóstico Lugar. Laboratorios del Instituto de Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés por instrumentación de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquimicas, Carrera de Ciencias Químicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales de la UMSA y Hospital Juan XXIII de la ciudad de La Paz. Población.- 112 muestras de pacientes de ambos sexos sanos y enfermos. Métodos.- Se determinó la concentración de Sodio y Potasio en suero humano mediante Fotometría de Emisión a la Llama, Espectroscopia de Absorción Atómica é Ion Electrodo Selectivo y con el Kit de Teco Diagnostic para Fotometria VIS. Se realizo el control de exactitud en todos los procedimientos. Se calculó medidas de tendencia central, Sensibilidad, especificidad, Valores predictivos positivo y negativo y test de correlación...

Research question¿ Which of the methods used is the most sensitive and specific for the Sodium and Potassium detemination in human serum? Objetive To determine the Sensibility and Specificity of the methods : Emission to the Flame Photometry, Visible Spectrophotometer, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Ion Electrode Selective for the analysis of Sodium and Potassium concentration in human serum.DesignDiagnostic Test...

[Assessment of drug attitudes in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric properties of the DAI Spanish version]. / Evaluación de actitudes al medicamento en pacientes con esquizofrenia: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del DAI.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate interrater reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity with the Insight Treatment Questionnaire (ITAQ) and Buchanan's compliance measure, and their relation with sociodemographic and clinical variables of the Spanish version of the Drug Attitudes Inventory (DAI). METHODS: The sample was made up of 80 patients diagnosed of schizophrenia, between 15 and 65 years old, of both genders, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study and were informed and whose clinical conditions made the evaluation possible. Convergent validity with ITAQ was calculated in a subsample of 60 subjects and interrater reliability was evaluated in 20 cases. RESULTS: The men and all those who received concomitant treatment with anxiolytic and/or antidepressants obtained a higher score on the DAI. Interrater reliability coefficient was 0.61 (p<0.001), and Chronbach's alpha=0.57. Correlation between DAI and ITAQ was r=0.476, p<0.01, and patients with poor compliance according to Buchanan's classification obtained less score in DAI than those with medium and high treatment compliance. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the DAI demonstrated convergent validity and moderate reliability to evaluate treatment compliance in a Mexican sample of schizophrenic patients.

Evaluación de actitudes al medicamento en pacientes con esquizofrenia: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del DAI / Assesment of drug attitudes in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric properties of the DAI Spanih version

Introducción. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo traducir al español el Inventario de Actitudes al Medicamento (Drug Attitudes Inventory: DAI), determinar su confiabilidad interevaluadora, consistencia interna, validez convergente con el Cuestionario de Introspección y Actitudes al Tratamiento (ITAQ), y con la clasificación de adherencia de Buchanan, así como su relación con diversas variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos. La muestra se conformó con 80 pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, de 15 a 65 años de edad, de ambos sexos, que aceptaron de forma voluntaria e informada participar en el proyecto, y cuyas condiciones clínicas permitieron la cumplimentación de los cuestionarios. Una submuestra de 60 pacientes fue utilizada para determinar la validez convergente entre la versión en español del DAI y el ITAQ; y basándose en una submuestra de 20 se calculó su confiabilidad interevaluador. Resultados. Los hombres y todos los usurarios que recibían tratamiento concomitante con ansiolítico o antidepresivo presentaron mayor puntuación DAI. El índice de confiabilidad interevaluadoresfue de 0, 61 (p < 0, 001), y el de consistencia interna de 0,57. La correlación entre DAI e ITAQ fue r = 0,476, p < 0, 01, y los pacientes con bajo apego a tratamiento de acuerdo a Buchanan obtuvieron una menor puntuación DAI, en comparación con aquellos con media y alta adherencia a tratamiento. Conclusiones. La versión en español del DAI mostró validez convergente y moderada confiabilidad para evaluar las actitudes a la medicación de una muestra de pacientes mexicanos con esquizofrenia (AU)

Correlación entre medición de temperatura axilar rectal en consultantes menores de 2 años / Correlation between measurement of axilary and rectal temperature in consultants younger then 3 years of age

La fiebre uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en pediatría responde a diversas etiologías, no existiendo consenso en cuando al método más confiable para su medición. Objetivo: estudiar la correlación entre la medición de la temperatura axilar y la rectal, en menores de dos años que consultan en un Servicio de Urgencia y que presentan fiebre. Material y Método: se aplicó un protocolo de medición de temperatura axilar y rectal a los menores de dos años consultantes a un Servicio de Urgencia de un Hospital tipo IV, entre el 1§ de diciembre de 1999 y el 31§ de marzo del 2000. Resultados: se midió la temperatura en 373 consultantes menores de dos años. Se consignó ambas mediciones en 260 de ellos; 113 debieron excluirse por haberse omitido una medición. De los 260 pacientes, el 28,5 por ciento (n= 74) tuvo fiebre en ambas mediciones; el 4,6 por ciento (n= 12) sólo fiebre axilar y el 3,5 por ciento (n= 9) exclusivamente rectal. El restante 63,4 por ciento (n= 165) no tenía fiebre. El promedio de edad fue 12,2 meses, rango 0 a 48 meses. La correlación entre ambas mediciones en los pacientes estudiados (n= 260) fue estadísticamente significativa, la que se mantuvo al subdividir el grupo según diagnósticos. Esta observación se repitió en el grupo de pacientes que tenían fiebre en ambas mediciones, excepto en el subgrupo de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas. Conclusión: nuestro estudio apoya que la evidencia de fiebre axilar se asocia a la determinada a nivel rectal, pudiendo obviarse la toma de ésta última

Evaluación de la implementación del programa del adolescente en el consultorio general urbano de San Felipe / Assesment of the implementation of the program for the adolescent at the general urban clinic in San Felipe

La adolescencia, grupo etáreo tradicionalmente postergado, ha pasado en los últimos años a convertirse en el objeto de atención de las políticas de salud del Gobierno. Esto llevó, en el año 1995, a la creación del Programa Nacional de Salud del Adolescente. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de describir los hallazgos que arrojó la revisión de los datos obtenidos desde la implementación del programa, así como también evaluar la justificación de su existencia en nuestro Consultorio. De los 163 adolescentes incluídos en el estudio, el 94 por ciento presentada una o más anormalidades, psicológicos y/o sociales. El análisis detallado de los resultados permite concluir que la existencia del programa del adolescente en nuestro Consultorio fue crucial para el diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la problemática biopsicosocial de los jóvenes encuestados

Pharmacological modulation of edema induced by Lys-49 and Asp-49 myotoxic phospholipases A2 isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper (terciopelo).

The pharmacological modulation of edema-forming activity of Bothrops asper myotoxins II and III, Lys-49 and Asp-49 phospholipases A2, respectively, was studied plethysmographically in the mouse foot pad model. Myotoxin III had phospholipase A2 activity, whereas myotoxin II was devoid of enzymatic activity when tested on egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. Both toxins induced a dose-dependent edema of rapid onset. Chemical modification of myotoxin III with p-bromophenacyl bromide abrogated enzymatic activity and significantly reduced edemat-forming activity, although a residual effect remained. Pre-treatment of animals with diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, indomethacin and prazosin significantly reduced the effect of both myotoxins. It is concluded that (a) these myotoxins are important edema-forming components of B. asper venom, (b) enzymatic activity is not a strict requirement to exert this effect, although in the case of myotoxin III it contributes to its development, and (c) several inflammatory mediators participate in mouse foot pad edema induced by these myotoxins.

Paramagnetic tracer concentration evolution by NMR relaxation time mapping: application to Aris-Taylor dispersion.

A procedure to study tracer dispersion was proposed and tested for the case of tracer spreading in tube flow. Concentration maps of paramagnetic tracers Gd3+ were measured in time through direct measurements of spin lattice relaxation time T1 obtained by using a two-point stimulated echo pulse sequence. The procedure was used to test the linear dependence of Peclet number on inverse velocity in the range of flow rates 0.3-1.2 cc/min.

Prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Com a aparição do vírus de inmunodeficiência humana (VIH), a prevalência de toxoplasmosis tem aumentado demais. Em dos pacientes com o síndrome de inmunodeficiência, a toxoplasmosis é a principal causa de morte. A incidência, de anticorpos nesse tipo de pacientes depende da prevalência da população onde se apresenta a doença. O método de Enzima Inmuno Ensaio absorvemnte (ELISA) foi aplicado a 92 pacientes para determinar si eram positivos a anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma IgG e IgM. O resultado foi: 46 (50.5%) foram seropositivos e un caso apresentou anticorpos IgM. D estos 92 pacientes, 53 apresentavam o virus de inmunodeficiência humana (HIV) y 39 tinham SIDA. A determinação e o "monitoreo" de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma em pacientes com HIV é indispensável, pois uma taxa elevada destos pacientes pode desenvolver a toxoplasmosis cerebral, a causa principal de morte nessos pacientes.

With the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Toxoplasma gondii has arisen as an important opportunist pathogenic agent, especially in the central nervous system, being the most common cause of intracerebral lesions. The incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-infected patients depends principally on the existence of latent Toxoplasma parasitosis in the population affected. Through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 92 patients of which 46 (50.0%) were IgG seropositive, and only one case (1.0%) had IgM antibodies. Of the 92 patients: 53 were HIV seropositives and 39 had AIDS. The detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV patients is essential, since in this group there is a high percentage risk of developing cerebral toxoplasmosis, which is the second cause of death in this type of patients.

Prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

With the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Toxoplasma gondii has arisen as an important opportunist pathogenic agent, especially in the central nervous system, being the most common cause of intracerebral lesions. The incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-infected patients depends principally on the existence of latent Toxoplasma parasitosis in the population affected. Through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 92 patients of which 46 (50.0%) were IgG seropositive, and only one case (1.0%) had IgM antibodies. Of the 92 patients: 53 were HIV seropositives and 39 had AIDS. The detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV patients is essential, since in this group there is a high percentage risk of developing cerebral toxoplasmosis, which is the second cause of death in this type of patients.

Dispersion of paramagnetic tracers in bead packs by T1 mapping: experiments and simulations.

NMR imaging was used to study dispersion in 6 mm bead pack. T1 maps were employed to measure the rate of axial spreading of paramagnetic tracers (GdCl3) inside the bead pack in the range of flow rate from 0.015 mL/s to 0.175 mL/s. From the T1 maps, tracer concentration profiles were obtained, which yielded dimensionless axial dispersion coefficient and mean transit time. Spatial variations in the dispersion coefficient were observed at flow rates above 0.08 mL/s. We hypothesized that the observed spatial oscillations in the dispersion coefficient arise from the spatial variations of the velocity distribution. To validate this mechanism we showed by simulation that similar dispersion coefficient variation occur in a layered network.

Aproximación al estudio de la infección puerperal en el Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la ciudad de Valparaíso / An aproximation to the study of puerperal infection in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of Valparaíso

Se analizan y comparan los factores epidemiológicos del "Huésped", "Agente" y "Ambiente" de la Infección Puerperal en dos poblaciones: Grupo A de 35 casos observados en el Hospital Deformes antes del terremoto de Marzo de 1985 (1984) y Grupo B de 62 casos del Hospital Valparaíso, sitio donde se trasladó el Servicio de Obstetricia-Ginecología y Neonatología a raíz del sismo (1985). Los cuadros de Infección Puerperal examinados fueron: (1) Endrometritis (2) Infección de la herida operatoria y (3) Infección de la episiotomía. De este análisis comparativo se concluye que el traslado del Servicio de Obstetricia-Ginecología y Neonatología, incrementó en forma estadísticamente significativa las infecciones puerperales, en especial por el "agente" infeccioso "hospitalario" Stafilococo Dorado. Los otros dos elementos de la triada epidemiológica (huésped y ambiente), no revelaron diferencias importantes. Se detectaron ciertas limitaciones en esta investigación especialmente por no ser un estudio prospectivo y sin grupo de control. El estudio bacteriológico fundamenta buenas posibilidades para hacer antibiótico-profilaxis con cloranfenicol. Un servicio de Obstetricia-Ginecología y Neonatología requiere de una estructura sectorizada y "racional"