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2.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 83(1): 19-25, jul. 2015. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139476

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las intervenciones sobre la obesidad infantil son una prioridad para la salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención contra la obesidad en un colegio de Educación Primaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de intervención controlado no aleatorizado en alumnos de primero a quinto cursos de Educación Primaria en 2 colegios públicos de Avilés (España). La intervención se desarrolló durante 2 cursos escolares, incluyendo talleres sobre alimentación saludable, charlas educativas, material informativo escrito y promoción de la actividad física. La variable de resultado principal fue la puntuación z del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Como variables de resultado secundarias se consideraron: prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, perímetro abdominal, hábitos de dieta y actividad física. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos en el estudio 382 (177 niñas, 205 niños) de 526 alumnos de ambos colegios. En 340 individuos se obtuvieron datos antropométricos completos. A diferencia del grupo control, los pertenecientes al grupo de intervención disminuyeron la puntuación z del IMC desde 1,14 a 1,02 (p = 0,017), mejoraron el índice KIDMED de adhesión a la dieta mediterránea de 7,33 a 7,71 puntos (p = 0,045) y aumentaron la proporción de estudiantes con una dieta óptima del 42,6% al 52,3% (p = 0,021). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, ni en el perímetro abdominal, entre los grupos de intervención y control. CONCLUSIONES: Este programa escolar consiguió pequeñas mejoras en el IMC y la calidad de la dieta


INTRODUCTION: Intervention for childhood obesity is a public health priority. The purpose of this study was to evaluatethe effectiveness of an elementary school-based intervention against obesity in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-randomised controlled trial was conducted on children from first to fifth grade from two public schools of Avilés (Spain). The intervention lasted for 2 school years comprising healthy diet workshops, educational chats, educational meetings, informative written material, and promotion of physical activities. Primary outcome measure was body mass index z-score. Secondary outcomes included: obesity and overweight prevalence, waist circumference, dietary habits, and physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 382 (177 girls, 205 boys) out of 526 pupils of both schools were included in the study. Complete anthropometric data were obtained in 340 of the 382 individuals. Compared to children in control group, those in intervention group decreased body mass index z-score from 1.14 to 1.02 (P=.017), and improved KIDMED score from 7.33 to 7.71 points (P=.045). The percentage of students who carried on an optimal diet increased from 42.6% to 52.3% (P=.021). There were no statistical differences in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, or in waist circumference between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This school-based program resulted in modest beneficial changes in body mass index and diet quality


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Obesity/prevention & control , Overweight/prevention & control , Healthy People Programs/organization & administration , School Health Services/organization & administration , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Motor Activity , Feeding Behavior , Case-Control Studies , Age and Sex Distribution
3.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 83(1): 19-25, 2015 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25443325

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intervention for childhood obesity is a public health priority. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an elementary school-based intervention against obesity in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-randomised controlled trial was conducted on children from first to fifth grade from two public schools of Avilés (Spain). The intervention lasted for 2 school years comprising healthy diet workshops, educational chats, educational meetings, informative written material, and promotion of physical activities. Primary outcome measure was body mass index z-score. Secondary outcomes included: obesity and overweight prevalence, waist circumference, dietary habits, and physical activity. RESULTS: A total of 382 (177 girls, 205 boys) out of 526 pupils of both schools were included in the study. Complete anthropometric data were obtained in 340 of the 382 individuals. Compared to children in control group, those in intervention group decreased body mass index z-score from 1.14 to 1.02 (P=.017), and improved KIDMED score from 7.33 to 7.71 points (P=.045). The percentage of students who carried on an optimal diet increased from 42.6% to 52.3% (P=.021). There were no statistical differences in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, or in waist circumference between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This school-based program resulted in modest beneficial changes in body mass index and diet quality.


Subject(s)
Exercise , Feeding Behavior , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , School Health Services , Body Mass Index , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 74(6): 388-395, jun. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-90558

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos son detectables en la infancia. La proteína C reactiva ultrasensible, la leptina y la adiponectina constituyen los factores de riesgo cardiovascular inflamatorio más importantes. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Se seleccionó a alumnos de entre 6 y 12 años de dos colegios de la ciudad de Avilés. Se determinaron datos somatométricos y de prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Asimismo, se determinaron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y la presencia de síndrome metabólico. El nivel de ingresos familiares, los hábitos alimentarios y de estilo de vida se calcularon mediante las encuestas GRAFFAR, KIDMED y Self Report Instrument of Measuring Physical Activity, respectivamente. Analíticamente se determinaron el perfil lipídico, de insulinorresistencia, hepático, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible, leptina y adiponectina. Resultados: Se incluyó a 459 alumnos. El 31% presentaba sobrepeso y un 10,9% obesidad. Los individuos obesos presentaron valores más elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, presión arterial, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible y leptina, y más bajos de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad y apolipoproteína A que los no obesos. No se observaron diferencias en las actividades físicas y sedentarias; por el contrario, los obesos siguieron una dieta de peor calidad que los no obesos. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso está alcanzando valores preocupantes en escolares. La obesidad se asocia de forma consistente a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y emergentes. Los escolares obesos presentan peor calidad en su alimentación aunque no realizan menos actividades físicas ni más actividades sedentarias que sus compañeros no obesos (AU)


Introduction: Classic cardiovascular risk factors are present in infancy. C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponect in are the most important inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers. Patients and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, including children aged 6-12 years old from two local primary schools in the city of Avilés. Body measurements were made to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and the presence of metabolic syndrome was determined. Family income, dietary, and life-style habits were collected using the questionnaires GRAFFAR, KIDMED and Self-report instruments for measuring physical activity, respectively. Blood analysis included lipid profile, insulin resistance profile, liver profile, C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin. Results: A total of 459 schoolchildren were included of whom 31% were overweight and 10.9%were obese. Obese children were heavier with higher levels of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, C- reactive protein, leptin, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A than non-obese children. No differences were found in physical and sedentary activities, but obese children had a worse quality diet than non-obese children. Conclusions: Prevalence of obesity and overweight is reaching worrying levels in school age children. Obesity is associated with other classic and inflammatory cardiovascular risk factors. Obese children have a worse quality diet, although they do not do any less physical activities or any more sedentary than non-obese children (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Adjustment/methods , Risk Factors , School Health Services , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Leptin/analysis
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 74(6): 388-95, 2011 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21411387

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Classic cardiovascular risk factors are present in infancy. C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin are the most important inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, including children aged 6-12 years old from two local primary schools in the city of Avilés. Body measurements were made to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and the presence of metabolic syndrome was determined. Family income, dietary, and life-style habits were collected using the questionnaires GRAFFAR, KIDMED and Self-report instruments for measuring physical activity, respectively. Blood analysis included lipid profile, insulin resistance profile, liver profile, C-reactive protein, leptin and adiponectin. RESULTS: A total of 459 schoolchildren were included of whom 31% were overweight and 10.9% were obese. Obese children were heavier with higher levels of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, C- reactive protein, leptin, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A than non-obese children. No differences were found in physical and sedentary activities, but obese children had a worse quality diet than non-obese children. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity and overweight is reaching worrying levels in school age children. Obesity is associated with other classic and inflammatory cardiovascular risk factors. Obese children have a worse quality diet, although they do not do any less physical activities or any more sedentary than non-obese children.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , Overweight/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
7.
Bol. pediatr ; 51(217): 177-180, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-93123

ABSTRACT

La aspiración de cuerpo extraño es relativamente frecuente en Pediatría. Su potencial gravedad y la posible aparición de secuelas pulmonares, hace recomendable un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Estos se basan en la historia clínica minuciosa y dirigida, que es el principal determinante para la realización de una broncoscopia rígida, que a su vez es la técnica considerada de elección para el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Se ha de tener un alto índice desospecha puesto que en la mayoría de los casos el episodio de atragantamiento puede pasar desapercibido en primera instancia. El propósito de este artículo es presentar un caso de aspiración de cuerpo extraño, revisando la literatura con el fin de evaluar los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos actualmente disponibles (AU)


Foreign body aspiration is relatively frequent in pediatrics. It is recommended an early diagnosis and treatment due to its potential severity and the possibility of pulmonary consequences. They are based on one hand on the directed and detailed clinical history, which is the main determinant to make a rigid bronchoscopy, which is considered to be the treatment of choice in these patients. A high index of suspicion is needed because in most cases the choking episode may not be noticed. The purpose of this article is to report a clinical case, and review the literature to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Foreign-Body Migration/complications , Bronchoscopy/methods , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Gagging
8.
Bol. pediatr ; 51(216): 84-90, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-96863

ABSTRACT

La tos es uno de los síntomas más frecuentes y desesperantes en pediatría, tanto para los padres como para el propio médico. La tos crónica, entendida como aquella que acontece durante más de 3-4 semanas es de especial interés en la práctica clínica pediátrica. Su origen, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, se encuentra en el aparato respiratorio, si bien la tos puede ser expresión de enfermedades tanto pulmonares como extrapulmonares. Su etiología es diversa, por lo que para un manejo adecuado es necesario realizar una adecuada aproximación diagnóstica, fundamentada en la historia clínica y la exploración física, que permita realizar a su vez un tratamiento dirigido a la causa subyacente. Con todo ello su diagnóstico y manejo pueden ser igualmente complejos, debiendo tener presente aquellas circunstancias, que por sus características especiales, requieren de un estudio obligado. En este artículo se revisa la etiología, diagnóstico y manejo del paciente pediátrico con tos crónica, estableciendo algoritmos de actuación apropiados a cada caso (AU)


Cough is one of the most prominent and exasperating symptoms in paediatrics, for both the parents and the physician. Chronic cough that lasts for more than 3-4 weeks is of special interest in paediatric clinical practice. Its origin, in most occasions, takes place in the respiratory system, although cough can be a symptom of both, pulmonary and extrapumonary diseases. Its possible aetiologies are diverse, and so for a right management it is necessary to carry on an adequate diagnostic approach, based on clinical history and physical examination, that allowed a correct treatment focused on the underlying cause. Taking everything into account its diagnostic and management can be complex anyway, bearing in mind those circumstances that, due to its specific characteristics, should always be investigated. This article reviews the aetiology, diagnostic and management of the paediatric patient with chronic cough, establishing algorithms of actuation appropriate to each case (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cough/etiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Bronchitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis
9.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 68(1): 6-12, ene. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-85907

ABSTRACT

A pesar de su elevada prevalencia, la rinitis alérgica (RA) es una entidad infradiagnosticada e infratratada en la infancia debido a su frecuente asociación con otros procesos comórbidos, que afectan tanto a las vías respiratorias altas como a las bajas. Algunas de estas comorbilidades asociadas pueden ser de naturaleza alérgica, como el asma o la conjuntivitis alérgica, mientras que otras son expresión de la influencia que la inflamación crónica de la mucosa nasal y la obstrucción de ésta ejerce sobre los órganos adyacentes. Estas últimas pueden considerarse como complicaciones de la RA. En este artículo se revisan dichas entidades comórbidas, así como las principales directrices terapéuticas de la RA en el niño (AU)


In spite of its prevalence in childhood allergic rhinitis is an under diagnosed and undertreated condition due to its frequent association with other comorbidities which can affect both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Some of the associated comorbidities conditions can be of allergic nature such as asthma or allergic conjunctivitis, whereas others are the result of the chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and obstruction, which can result in involvement of adjacent organs. This can be considered as complications of allergic rhinitis. These comorbidities as well as the main therapeutic guidelines of allergic rhinitis in children are summarized in this article (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/pathology , Comorbidity/trends , Otitis Media/complications , Otitis Media/diagnosis , Otitis Media/pathology , Nasal Polyps/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
10.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(11): 519-523, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-77709

ABSTRACT

La rinitis alérgica no es un proceso trivial, habida cuenta de suprevalencia y del impacto que ejerce sobre la calidad de vida. Aunque es una entidad muy común en la infancia, muchas veces está infradiagnosticada e infratratada, en especial en los niños de menor edad, por la incapacidad de éstos de verbalizar sus síntomas y por la frecuente superposición con la rinitis infecciosa viral y otras comorbilidades asociadas. Aunque la entidad es relativamente fácil de diagnosticar en el adulto, presenta una mayor heterogeneidad sintomática en el niño, y uno de los síntomas más característicos es la tos de goteo posnasal. La rinitis alérgica raramente se presenta como entidad aislada en el niño, por lo que debe considerarse en el contexto de la alergia como enfermedad sistémica y, por tanto, frecuentemente asociada a otros procesos alérgicos, incluida el asma. Asimismo, es muy habitual la presencia de otras entidades asociadas a la rinitis alérgica o como consecuencia de ésta. En este trabajo se revisan los aspectos conceptuales de la rinitis alérgica, sus manifestaciones clínicas en la infancia y sus relaciones con el asma (AU)


Allergic rhinitis is not a trivial process considering its prevalence and the impact it exerts on life quality. Although allergic rhinitis is a very common disease in childhood, sometimes it is under-diagnosed and under-treated, mainly in low-aged children, due to inability to verbalize their symptoms and the frequent overlapping with viral rhinitis and other associated comorbidities. Although the entity is relatively easy to diagnose in adults, it shows a higher symptomatic heterogeneity in children being the postnasal drip cough one of the most typical symptoms. Allergic rhinitis is rarely showed as an isolated entity in children, having to be considered in the allergy context as a systemic disease and therefore frequently associated with other allergic disorders including asthma. Likewise, the presence of other associated entities or as consequence of the allergic rhinitis is very frequent. The conceptual aspects of allergic rhinitis, its clinical manifestations in childhood and its links with asthma are revised (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis , Asthma/complications , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/etiology , Signs and Symptoms
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(3): 133-136, mar. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-59387

ABSTRACT

El absceso pulmonar es una patología actualmente infrecuente en el niño, que puede desarrollarse como complicación de una neumonía bacteriana. En la mayoría de los casos responde favorablemente al tratamiento antibiótico parenteral y sólo una minoría requieren técnicas intervencionistas de drenaje. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 26 meses de edad, que desarrolló un absceso pulmonar en el transcurso de una neumonía, y mostró excelente respuesta a antibioterapia empírica convencional (AU)


Lung abscess is nowadays a very uncommon lesion in children that can develop as a complication of bacterial pneumonia. In most cases, it shows an excellent response to parenteral antibiotic therapy, and interventional drainage is required in only a minority of the patients. Here we report the case of a26-month-old girl who developed a lung abscess during the course of a bacterial pneumonia, with an excellent response to conventional antibiotic therapy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Lung Abscess/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
12.
Rheumatol Int ; 29(12): 1491-4, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19156419

ABSTRACT

Schönlein-Henoch purpura is a small vessel disease that affects mainly skin and kidney, although several gastrointestinal symptoms may occur including abdominal pain, intussusception, perforation or bleeding. Massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage is rare and even more as the main symptom of the disease. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy with Schönlein-Henoch purpura who developed a massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding requiring blood transfusion. In this patient both Schönlein-Henoch purpura and gastrointestinal haemorrhage were successfully treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, avoiding surgical intervention. Physicians need to have a high index of suspicion when evaluating these patients, even more when dermatologic signs are scarce. Glucocorticosteroid therapy may be effective when treating severe gastrointestinal symptoms.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , IgA Vasculitis/complications , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Humans , IgA Vasculitis/diagnosis , Male , Treatment Outcome
17.
Bol. pediatr ; 48(205): 249-258, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68023

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Describir la presentación clínica, parámetros analíticos, epidemiología, manejo terapéutico, así como la evolución respiratoria en los 3 meses posteriores, de los lactantes menores de 90 días, ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis durante el primer semestre del 2006 en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo, realizado en el Departamento de Pediatría del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Se revisaron las historias de los lactantes menores de 90 días ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis, entre el 1 de enero y 30 de junio de 2006, describiéndose parámetros clínicos, analíticos, epidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Resultados: En dicho periodo se atendieron 15.500urgencias pediátricas, de las que 415 fueron bronquiolitis (2,6% del total), de ellos 88 eran lactantes de menos de 3meses de edad (21,2% de la muestra). De todas las bronquiolitis ingresaron 129 (31% de la muestra), de estos ingresados54 pacientes tenían menos de 90 días (61% de los lactantes menores a 3 meses, edad media de 47 días). La media de duración del ingreso fue de 8 ± 11,57 días (mediana: 8días); la del score de Wood-Downes-Ferrés fue 4. El cultivo de exudado nasal fue positivo en el 50% para virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR), y el 7,4% para metapneumovirus. Se realizó radiografía torácica al 70,4%, siendo patológica en el24,1%. El 20,4% presentaba tabaquismo pasivo, y el 35%antecedentes de atopia en familiares de primer grado. El85,2% ingresó en planta de hospitalización, mientras que el14,6% requirió ingreso en UCIP. En cuanto al tratamiento, hasta el 83,33% recibió adrenalina nebulizada, mientras que hasta el 38,9% recibió salbutamol nebulizado. El 14,8% ingresó en los 3 meses siguientes por proceso respiratorio. Comentarios: La bronquiolitis es una enfermedad potencialmente grave, tanto más cuanto más pequeña sea la edad del niño. Por esto, especialmente en este grupo etario, un porcentaje importante requiere ingreso en UCIP. El manejo terapéutico es un aspecto muy controvertido sin existir una indicación terapéutica de grado de evidencia Ao B. En nuestra serie la adrenalina nebulizada es el fármaco más utilizado en los lactantes más pequeños (AU)


Objectives: Describing the clinic presentation, analytic parameters, epidemiology and therapeutical management of infants younger than three months, admitted at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis during the first semester of 2006.Material and methods: An epidemiological retrospective study, was performed in the paediatrics department of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Clinical records, from January, 1 to June, 30 of infants younger than3 months of age hospitalised with diagnosis of bronchiolitis were reviewed, describing clinical, analytic, epidemiologic and therapeutical parameters. Results: In this period 15500 pediatric emergencies were attended, being 415 of them bronchiolitis (2.6%), admitting to the hospital 129 (31%). 54 of them were less than 3 months of age (42%), over a total amount of 88 infants who were attended less than that age (rate of admission: 61%; mean age was 47 days). 64.8% were males. Median length of admission was 6 days, and Wood-Downes-Ferrés´s scoremedian was 4. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was isolated in 50% nasal culture, and metapneumovirus in 7.4%.Chest x-ray was performed in 70.4%, being pathological in24.1%. In 20.4% first grade relatives smoked, and 35% had personal records of a topy in first grade relatives. Eighty five percent were admitted to the hospitalization floor; and 14.6%were admitted at the intensive care unit. Focusing on medical therapy, 83.3% of them received nebulized epinephrine, while 38.9% received nebulized salbutamol. Nearly fifteen percent were admitted to the hospital in the next three months because of a respiratory process. Commentaries: Bronchiolitis is a potentially severe disease, in relation with the child´s age. Because of its severity, especially in this group of age, an important percentage requires admission to an intensive care unit. Therapeutical management is still controversial, as it does not exist a therapeutical indication with an A or B grade of evidence. In our cohort nebulized epinephrine was the most used therapy in the youngest infants (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Metapneumovirus/pathogenicity , Risk Factors , Retrospective Studies , Paramyxoviridae Infections/complications , Paramyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis
18.
Bol. pediatr ; 48(203): 21-36, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65705

ABSTRACT

La alergia a alimentos es un proceso de elevada prevalenciay posible riesgo vital en el niño. La mayor prevalenciaen la infancia que en la edad adulta es reflejo del desarrollode sensibilizaciones en los primeros años de vida yde la posible pérdida de las mismas a lo largo del tiempo.La mayoría de las alergias alimentarias se originan durantelos primeros 1 ó 2 años de vida, mientras que el desarrollode tolerancia es un proceso mucho más variabledependiendo de características individuales y del alimentoimplicado.El espectro clínico de la alergia a alimentos en el niño esmuy amplio. Por un lado las reacciones de tipo inmediatocomo urticaria, angioedema o anfilaxia son habitualmentemediadas por IgE y pueden ser fácilmente identificadasmediante pruebas cutáneas o determinación de IgE específica.Por otro lado las reacciones de tipo retardado como ladermatitis atópica o los trastornos alérgicos gastrointestinaleshabitualmente reconocen un mecanismo mixto o noIgE mediado y su diagnóstico es más difícil, basándose enprotocolos de eliminación y provocación.Más del 90% de las alergias alimentarias IgE mediadasen el niño son causadas por unos pocos alimentos. De ellas,unas son probablemente transitorias (leche, huevo, soja ytrigo) y otras probablemente persistentes (frutos secos, pescadosy mariscos).La clave para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la alergiaa alimentos es la correcta identificación y evitación delantígeno responsable.En este artículo se revisa la historia natural, el diagnósticoy el manejo evolutivo de las alergias alimentarias máscomunes en la infancia (AU)


Food allergy has a great prevalence in children and sometimescan lead to potentially life-threatening situations. Thegreater prevalence in childhood than in adulthood reflectsboth the increased development of sensitizations in the firstyears of life and the possible loss of the same food sensitivitiesover time. Most of food allergies are acquired in thefirst 1 or 2 years of life whereas the development of immunologictolerance is a far more variable process dependingon both the individual child and the responsible food. The clinical spectrum of food allergies in children is verywide. Immediate reactions such as urticaria, angioedema oranaphylaxis are likely to be IgE-mediated and can usuallybe detected by cutaneous testing or measuring of specificserum IgE levels. Delayed-onset reactions such as atopicdermatitis or gastrointestinal allergic disorders, usually nonIgE-mediated, are more difficult to diagnose and often requirecomplex elimination or challenge protocols.More than 90% of IgE-mediated food allergies in childrenare caused by some few foods and can be classifiedin those probably transient (milk, egg, soy, wheat) and thoseprobably persistent (dry fruits, fish and shellfish).The key of diagnosis and management of food allergiesis correct identification and avoidance of offending antigen.This article provides a review of the natural history, diagnosisand evolutive management of the most common childhoodfood allergies (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Medical Records , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy , Food Hypersensitivity/drug therapy
19.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(10): 496-503, nov. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058635

ABSTRACT

La fiebre de origen desconocido (FOD) es una entidad de difícil manejo si no se tienen en cuenta sus características clinicoepidemiológicas. El abordaje por parte del médico debe ser sistemático y ordenado para un correcto estudio; de no ser así, puede retrasarse o incluso obviar el diagnóstico de enfermedades potencialmente graves, así como comprometer futuros tratamientos. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer al clínico una visión general de la FOD, así como contribuir a su mejor estudio mediante diversos protocolos de actuación. Se revisarán sus características, mostrando sus diferentes etiologías. Un aspecto básico es el diagnóstico; la historia clínica y la exploración física son fundamentales, pero el punto de mayor controversia son las pruebas de laboratorio y de imagen que se han de solicitar, aportando para ello un esquema sencillo de las pruebas que se requieren en cada momento. Como conclusión, cabría destacar que la FOD no es una entidad infrecuente en pediatría, genera incomodidad en el médico y ansiedad en la familia, por lo que parece necesario un manejo adecuado del paciente y un uso racional de las pruebas complementarias para poder llegar a un diagnóstico correcto


Fever of unknown origin is difficult to manage if its clinical and epidemiological characteristics are not taken into account. Its proper study requires a systematic and methodical approach. Otherwise, the diagnosis of potentially serious diseases can be delayed or even overlooked, and future treatments may be jeopardized. The objective of this report is to offer the physician a general overview of fever of unknown origin and to contribute to a more thorough study of this entity using different diagnostic protocols. The characteristics of fever of unknown origin are reviewed and the different etiologies are identified. The diagnosis is the basic aspect; the clinical history and physical examination are fundamental, but the most controversial point concerns which laboratory tests and imaging studies should be requested. For this purpose, a simple outline of the studies to be requested and their timing is provided. In conclusion, it should be stressed that fever of unknown origin is not an uncommon entity in pediatrics. However, it generates uneasiness in the physician and anxiety in the family. Thus, correct patient management and a rational use of the complementary tests would appear to be necessary in order to reach a correct diagnosis


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Humans , Fever of Unknown Origin/epidemiology , Relapsing Fever/diagnosis , Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Clinical Protocols , Infections/diagnosis , Medical History Taking/methods
20.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 67(4): 378-80, 2007 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17949649

ABSTRACT

Chronic cholesteatomatous otomastoiditis is a rare entity in childhood, and its spontaneous intra- or extracranial fistulization is even more uncommon. The otologic sequelae are always important, especially when the disease is long standing. The agents causing chronic otomastoiditis are the same as those that can cause otitis. When there is associated cholesteatoma, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacilli are often present, but not group F beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The case of an 8-year-old boy with chronic cholesteatomatous otomastoiditis and spontaneous fistulization caused by group F beta-hemolytic streptococcus is reported.


Subject(s)
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnostic imaging , Mastoiditis , Otitis Media , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Child , Chronic Disease , Humans , Male , Mastoiditis/complications , Mastoiditis/diagnostic imaging , Mastoiditis/microbiology , Otitis Media/complications , Otitis Media/diagnostic imaging , Otitis Media/microbiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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