ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is a cornerstone in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the sorafenib era, other antiangiogenic targeted drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently needed. Novel biomarkers may help in improving the efficacy of drugs targeting angiogenesis.
Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/blood supply , Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy , Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives , Niacinamide/therapeutic use , Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , SorafenibABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is a cornerstone in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the sorafenib era, other antiangiogenic targeted drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently needed. Novel biomarkers may help in improving the efficacy of drugs targeting angiogenesis (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Liver Neoplasms/blood supply , Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy , Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives , Niacinamide/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Evoked potentials (EP's) in response to phase-alternating gratings were recorded from normal and stereoblind or stereodefective subjects (adults and children) under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The amplitude of the binocular EP was found to exceed the larger monocular EP in normal but not in stereodefective subjects, no matter whether the amplitudes of the two monocular EP's were the same or not. This finding provides an objective method for screening out defects of binocular vision. EP's recorded from a group of infants 2 to 18 months old suggest that a larger amplitude of the binocular EP, as compared with the monocular EP's, is the norm even in the earliest period of life.
Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials , Refraction, Ocular , Vision, Ocular/physiology , Adult , Amblyopia/diagnosis , Amblyopia/physiopathology , Child , Functional Laterality , Humans , Infant , Myopia/diagnosis , Myopia/physiopathology , OphthalmoscopesABSTRACT
Two groups of children were screened by selected optometrical tests. Infants between the ages of 3 and 24 months and kindergarten children aged from 2 to 5 years were tested. The results indicated that meaningful data can be obtained from both groups and that the tests revealed visuosensory and visuomotor defects, correction of which at an early stage is not only desirable but, in most cases, essential.