Fracture in Irradiated Rat Femur: A Description of an Experimental Model and Evaluation of its Effectiveness.

Objective We aim to describe an experimental model for studying femoral fractures in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation, demonstrating a way to apply a substance for analysis, the method for patterning fracture and irradiation, and how to evaluate its effectiveness based on radiographic studies. Methods We used 24 rats divided into 2 groups of 12 animals each. The STUDY group was exposed to ionizing radiation and treated with saline solution, and the CONTROL group was not exposed to radiation and was treated with saline solution. All animals were subjected to standardized fracture of the right femur that was fixed with intramedullary wire. The efficiency of the bone union was assessed by radiographic exam. Results Fracture healing was more efficient in bones not exposed to ionizing radiation ( p = 0.012). All fractures met the criteria of being simple, diaphyseal, transverse or short oblique. Conclusion The experimental model presented is an efficient alternative for the study of fractures in irradiated bones in rats.

Fracture in Irradiated Rat Femur: A Description of an Experimental Model and Evaluation of its Effectiveness / Fratura em fêmur irradiado de rato: Descrição de um modelo experimental e avaliação de sua eficácia

Abstract Objective We aim to describe an experimental model for studying femoral fractures in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation, demonstrating a way to apply a substance for analysis, the method for patterning fracture and irradiation, and how to evaluate its effectiveness based on radiographic studies. Methods We used 24 rats divided into 2 groups of 12 animals each. The STUDY group was exposed to ionizing radiation and treated with saline solution, and the CONTROL group was not exposed to radiation and was treated with saline solution. All animals were subjected to standardized fracture of the right femur that was fixed with intramedullary wire. The efficiency of the bone union was assessed by radiographic exam. Results Fracture healing was more efficient in bones not exposed to ionizing radiation (p = 0.012). All fractures met the criteria of being simple, diaphyseal, transverse or short oblique. Conclusion The experimental model presented is an efficient alternative for the study of fractures in irradiated bones in rats.

Resumo Objetivo Nosso objetivo é descrever um modelo experimental para estudo de fraturas de fêmur em ratos após exposição a radiação ionizante, demonstrando uma forma de aplicação de uma substância para análise, o método de padronização de fratura e irradiação e a forma de avaliação de sua eficácia com base em estudos radiográficos. Métodos Utilizamos 24 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 12 animais cada. O grupo ESTUDO foi exposto à radiação ionizante e tratado com soro fisiológico, enquanto o grupo CONTROLE não foi exposto à radiação e foi tratado com soro fisiológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à fratura padronizada do fêmur direito e sua fixação com fio intramedular. A eficácia da consolidação óssea foi determinada por exame radiográfico. Resultados A cicatrização de fraturas foi mais eficiente em ossos não expostos à radiação ionizante (p = 0,012). Todas as fraturas atenderam aos critérios de serem simples, diafisárias, transversas ou oblíquas curtas. Conclusão O modelo experimental apresentado é uma boa alternativa para o estudo de fraturas em ossos irradiados em ratos.

Therapeutics in radiation-induced proctopathy: a systematic review

Malignant neoplasms are increasingly prevalent in the daily clinical practice. Up to 61% of patients with pelvic malignancies undergo pelvic radiotherapy in different doses, which may cause intestinal damage, and the rectum is the segment most frequently affected due to its fixed position in the pelvis. Currently, there are several strategies to minimize the effects of radiation on the tissues surrounding the neoplastic site; despite those strategies, radiotherapy can still result in serious damage to organs and structures, and these injuries accompany patients throughout their lives. One of the most common damages resulting from pelvic radiotherapy is acute proctitis.The diagnosis is confirmed by visualizing the rectal mucosa through rigid or flexible rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. The objective of the present study was to review the forms of radiation-induced proctopathytherapy, and to evaluate the results of each method to propose a standardization for the treatment of this pathology. Despite the prevalence of radiation-induced proctopathy, there is no definitive standardized treatment strategy so far. The first approach can be tried with local agents, such as mesalazine and formalin. For refractory cases, control can usually be achieved with argon plasma coagulation, hyperbaric oxygen, and radiofrequency ablation therapies. Regarding the study of radiation-induced proctopathy, there is a lack of robust studies with large samples and standardized therapies to be compared. There is a lack of double-blinded, randomized controlled studies to determine a definitive standard treatment algorithm. (AU)

Prevention of bone infection after open fracture using a chitosan with ciprofloxacin implant in animal model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate different concentrations of ciprofloxacin to prevent infection after open fracture contaminated with S. aureus in rats using absorbable local delivery system. METHODS: Fifty-two Wistar rats were assigned to six groups. After 4 weeks, all animals underwent 99mTc-ceftizoxima scintigraphy evaluation, callus formation measurement and histological analysis. ANOVA, t-Student and Kruskal Wallis were used for quantitative variables statistical analysis, whereas qui square and exact Fisher were used for qualitative variables. RESULTS: Treatment using 25% and 50% of ciprofloxacin incorporated at the fracture fixation device were effective in preventing bone infection compared to control group (p<0.05). Chitosan were not effective in preventing bone infection when used alone compared to control group (p>0.05). Histological findings demonstrated bone-healing delay with 50% of ciprofloxacin. No difference in callus formation were observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Local delivery treatment for contaminated open fracture using chitosan with ciprofloxacin is effective above 25%.

Pathological fracture after radiotherapy: systematic review of literature.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological data and available treatments for fractures secondary to radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: Identification of publications on pathological skeletal fractures previously exposed to ionizing radiation. RESULTS: The incidence of fractures after irradiation varies from 1.2% to 25% with a consolidation rate of 33% to 75%, being more frequent in the ribs, pelvis, and femur. The time elapsed between irradiation and fracture occurs years after radiotherapy. Risk factors include age above 50 years, female gender, extensive periosteal detachment, circumferential irradiation, tumor size, and anterior thigh location. The etiology is still uncertain, but cellular disappearance, reduction of bone turnover and activity were observed hematopoietic as possible causes of failure of consolidation. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus in the literature on the factors related to the development of fractures, with radiation dose, previous tumor size and periosteal detachment being suggested as potential factors.

Pathological fracture after radiotherapy: systematic review of literature

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological data and available treatments for fractures secondary to radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: Identification of publications on pathological skeletal fractures previously exposed to ionizing radiation. RESULTS: The incidence of fractures after irradiation varies from 1.2% to 25% with a consolidation rate of 33% to 75%, being more frequent in the ribs, pelvis, and femur. The time elapsed between irradiation and fracture occurs years after radiotherapy. Risk factors include age above 50 years, female gender, extensive periosteal detachment, circumferential irradiation, tumor size, and anterior thigh location. The etiology is still uncertain, but cellular disappearance, reduction of bone turnover and activity were observed hematopoietic as possible causes of failure of consolidation. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus in the literature on the factors related to the development of fractures, with radiation dose, previous tumor size and periosteal detachment being suggested as potential factors.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar dados epidemiológicos e tratamentos disponíveis para fraturas secundárias ao tratamento radioterápico. MÉTODOS: Identificação de publicações sobre as fraturas patológicas ocorridas em esqueleto previamente exposto à radiação ionizante. RESULTADOS: A incidência de fraturas após irradiação varia de 1,2% a 25% com taxa de consolidação de 33% a 75%, sendo mais frequente em costelas, pelve e fêmur. O tempo decorrido entre a irradiação e a fratura ocorre anos após a radioterapia. Os fatores de risco incluem idade acima de 50 anos, sexo feminino, descolamento periosteal extenso, irradiação circunferencial, tamanho do tumor e localização anterior na coxa. A etiologia ainda é incerta, mas foram observados desaparecimento celular, redução do turnover ósseo e da atividade hematopoiética como possíveis causas da falha de consolidação. CONCLUSÃO: Não há consenso na literatura avaliada sobre os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de fraturas, sendo a dose de radiação, o tamanho prévio do tumor e o descolamento periosteal sugeridos como fatores potenciais.

Healing modulation in glaucoma surgery after application of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or combined with mitomycin C: an experimetal study. / Modulação da cicatrização na cirurgia do glaucoma após aplicação de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C: estudo experimental.

OBJECTIVE: to study the efficacy and safety of the use of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or in combination with mitomycin C as a modulator of trabeculectomy healing in rabbits. METHODS: we submitted thirty male, albino, New Zealand rabbits to bilateral trabeculectomy. We divided the animals into four experimental groups with 15 eyes per group: control, mitomycin C, triamcinolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate + mitomycin C. We performed aplanation tonometry and clinical analysis of the bleb through the Moorfields Graduation System in the postoperative period. For the evaluation of healing, we carried out the quantitative analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphonuclear) through Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, and vascular proliferation, through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: we observed a significant decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure in all groups compared with the preoperative pressure (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between groups (p=0.186). The triamcinolone + mitomycin C acetate group presented better indices as for the maximum bleb height and vascularization of the bleb central area (p=0.001); in addition, there was a lower inflammatory response (p=0.001) and lower vascular proliferation (p=0.001) in the intermediate phase of the study compared with the monotherapies. CONCLUSION: the combination of mitomycin C and triamcinolone acetate resulted in a synergistic action between these agents, with broader and more diffuse blebs, less inflammatory infiltrate and less vascular proliferation in the intermediate stages of follow-up in this animal model.

OBJETIVO: estudar a eficácia e segurança do uso de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C como modulador da cicatrização de trabeculectomias em coelhos. MÉTODOS: trinta coelhos machos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à trabeculectomia bilateralmente. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com 15 olhos por grupo: controle, mitomicina C, acetato de triancinolona e acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C. Tonometria de aplanação e análise clínica da bolha através do Sistema de Graduação de Moorfields foram obtidas no pós-operatório. Para a avaliação da cicatrização, procedeu-se à análise quantitativa do infiltrado inflamatório (polimorfonucleares) através da coloração Hematoxilina & Eosina e da proliferação vascular por imuno-histoquímica. RESULTADOS: foi observada em todos os grupos diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular pós-operatória em relação à pré-operatória (p<0,001). Contudo, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,186). O grupo acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C apresentou melhores índices na altura máxima da bolha e na vascularização da área central da bolha (p=0,001); além disso, houve menor resposta inflamatória (p=0,001) e menor proliferação vascular (p=0,001) na fase intermediária do estudo em relação às monoterapias. CONCLUSÃO: a associação da mitomicina C ao acetato de triancinolona resultou numa ação sinérgica entre esses agentes, com bolhas mais amplas e difusas e menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor proliferação vascular em estágio intermediário do acompanhamento neste modelo animal.

Influence of biomaterials on scintigraphic diagnosis of periprosthetic infections. Ceftizoxime-99m technetium model.

PURPOSE: To compare the influence of two metallic implants in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection using 99m technetium-labeled ceftizoxime. METHODS: Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups, which received sterile and contaminated titanium and stainless steel implants. After 3 weeks, scintilographic images were obtained using a gamma chamber. Radioactivity counts were obtained for the region of interest (ROI) on the operated and non-operated paws. RESULTS: Groups A, B, and C showed homogenous distribution of the radiopharmaceutical. Hyper uptake was observed in the operated paw from group D. The ROI target count was higher in the two groups with stainless steel implants. Among the control groups, the count was higher in the stainless steel group. Furthermore, among the contaminated groups, the uptake was higher in the stainless steel group, with a significant difference. The target: non-target ratio was significantly lower in the control and contaminated groups with both titanium and stainless steel, but the comparison between control groups and contaminated groups was only significant in the former. The cpm/g observed after a decay of 48h showed statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Different biomaterials used in implants have an influence on the results of scintigraphy with 99mTc-CFT.

Influence of biomaterials on scintigraphic diagnosis of periprosthetic infections. Ceftizoxime-99m technetium model

Abstract Purpose: To compare the influence of two metallic implants in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection using 99m technetium-labeled ceftizoxime. Methods: Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups, which received sterile and contaminated titanium and stainless steel implants. After 3 weeks, scintilographic images were obtained using a gamma chamber. Radioactivity counts were obtained for the region of interest (ROI) on the operated and non-operated paws. Results: Groups A, B, and C showed homogenous distribution of the radiopharmaceutical. Hyper uptake was observed in the operated paw from group D. The ROI target count was higher in the two groups with stainless steel implants. Among the control groups, the count was higher in the stainless steel group. Furthermore, among the contaminated groups, the uptake was higher in the stainless steel group, with a significant difference. The target: non-target ratio was significantly lower in the control and contaminated groups with both titanium and stainless steel, but the comparison between control groups and contaminated groups was only significant in the former. The cpm/g observed after a decay of 48h showed statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Different biomaterials used in implants have an influence on the results of scintigraphy with 99mTc-CFT.

Modulação da cicatrização na cirurgia do glaucoma após aplicação de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C: estudo experimental / Healing modulation in glaucoma surgery after application of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or combined with mitomycin C: an experimetal study

RESUMO Objetivo: estudar a eficácia e segurança do uso de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C como modulador da cicatrização de trabeculectomias em coelhos. Métodos: trinta coelhos machos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à trabeculectomia bilateralmente. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com 15 olhos por grupo: controle, mitomicina C, acetato de triancinolona e acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C. Tonometria de aplanação e análise clínica da bolha através do Sistema de Graduação de Moorfields foram obtidas no pós-operatório. Para a avaliação da cicatrização, procedeu-se à análise quantitativa do infiltrado inflamatório (polimorfonucleares) através da coloração Hematoxilina & Eosina e da proliferação vascular por imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: foi observada em todos os grupos diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular pós-operatória em relação à pré-operatória (p<0,001). Contudo, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,186). O grupo acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C apresentou melhores índices na altura máxima da bolha e na vascularização da área central da bolha (p=0,001); além disso, houve menor resposta inflamatória (p=0,001) e menor proliferação vascular (p=0,001) na fase intermediária do estudo em relação às monoterapias. Conclusão: a associação da mitomicina C ao acetato de triancinolona resultou numa ação sinérgica entre esses agentes, com bolhas mais amplas e difusas e menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor proliferação vascular em estágio intermediário do acompanhamento neste modelo animal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of the use of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or in combination with mitomycin C as a modulator of trabeculectomy healing in rabbits. Methods: we submitted thirty male, albino, New Zealand rabbits to bilateral trabeculectomy. We divided the animals into four experimental groups with 15 eyes per group: control, mitomycin C, triamcinolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate + mitomycin C. We performed aplanation tonometry and clinical analysis of the bleb through the Moorfields Graduation System in the postoperative period. For the evaluation of healing, we carried out the quantitative analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphonuclear) through Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, and vascular proliferation, through immunohistochemistry. Results: we observed a significant decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure in all groups compared with the preoperative pressure (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between groups (p=0.186). The triamcinolone + mitomycin C acetate group presented better indices as for the maximum bleb height and vascularization of the bleb central area (p=0.001); in addition, there was a lower inflammatory response (p=0.001) and lower vascular proliferation (p=0.001) in the intermediate phase of the study compared with the monotherapies. Conclusion: the combination of mitomycin C and triamcinolone acetate resulted in a synergistic action between these agents, with broader and more diffuse blebs, less inflammatory infiltrate and less vascular proliferation in the intermediate stages of follow-up in this animal model.

Biomechanical study of the effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of medial collateral ligament lesion in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of platelet-rich plasma in the early stages of healing of traumatic injury of the medial collateral ligament in the knee of rabbits. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were subjected to surgical lesion of the medial collateral ligament. Of these, 16 were treated with platelet-rich plasma and 14 with saline (control). After 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, 50% of the animals from each group were sacrificed, and biomechanical tests were performed on the injured ligament to compare the tensile strength between the two groups. RESULTS: Platelet-rich plasma significantly increased the tensile strength of the ligament in the groups treated after3 and 6 weeks. In the group treated with platelet-rich plasma vs. saline, the tensile strength values were 3192.5 ± 189.7 g/f vs. 2851.1 ± 193.1 g/f at3 weeks (p = 0.005) and 5915.6 ± 832.0 g/f vs. 4187.6 ± 512.9 g/f at 6 weeks (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The use of platelet-rich plasma at the injury site accelerated ligament healing in an animal model, demonstrated by an increase in the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament.

Biomechanical study of the effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of medial collateral ligament lesion in rabbits

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the use of platelet-rich plasma in the early stages of healing of traumatic injury of the medial collateral ligament in the knee of rabbits. Methods: Thirty rabbits were subjected to surgical lesion of the medial collateral ligament. Of these, 16 were treated with platelet-rich plasma and 14 with saline (control). After 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, 50% of the animals from each group were sacrificed, and biomechanical tests were performed on the injured ligament to compare the tensile strength between the two groups. Results: Platelet-rich plasma significantly increased the tensile strength of the ligament in the groups treated after3 and 6 weeks. In the group treated with platelet-rich plasma vs. saline, the tensile strength values were 3192.5 ± 189.7 g/f vs. 2851.1 ± 193.1 g/f at3 weeks (p = 0.005) and 5915.6 ± 832.0 g/f vs. 4187.6 ± 512.9 g/f at 6 weeks (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of platelet-rich plasma at the injury site accelerated ligament healing in an animal model, demonstrated by an increase in the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament.

Fractures of the distal clavicle: comparison between two surgical treatment methods / Fraturas da clavícula distal: comparação de dois métodos de tratamento cirúrgico

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiographic results from osteosynthesis of fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle, using two methods: T plates or anchors together with Kirschner wires. METHODS: Fifteen patients of mean age 34.3 years (range: 19-57) and mean follow-up 22.7 months (range: 14-32) were evaluated. In nine cases, a T plate was used; and in six cases, coracoclavicular fixation was used with anchors in the coracoid process and Kirschner wires through the acromioclavicular joint. The evaluation included the Constant score, personal satisfaction and radiographic assessment. RESULTS: Both types of treatment achieved consolidation in all cases. Group 1 presented a higher Constant score (83.4) than that of Group 2 (76.4) (p = 0.029). Neither of the techniques presented any severe complications, and mild complications were only observed in Group 2 (80%), mostly consisting of migration of the Kirschner wire and superficial infection. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of fractures of the distal clavicle using T plates provided the same consolidation rate as shown by coracoclavicular fixation with anchors in the coracoid process and Kirschner wires through the acromioclavicular joint, and better clinical results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III evidence was obtained. Comparative retrospective study and therapeutic study were performed. .

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da osteossíntese de fraturas do terço lateral da clavícula com dois métodos: placa T ou âncoras associadas aos fios de Kirschner. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 15 pacientes com média de idade de 34,3 anos (19-57) e seguimento médio de 22,7 meses (14-32). Em nove casos foi usada a placa T e em seis casos a fixação coracoclavicular com âncoras no processo coracoide e fios de Kirschner através da articulação acromioclavicular (AC). A avaliação incluiu o escore de Constant, satisfação pessoal e avaliação radiográfica. RESULTADOS: Ambas as modalidades de tratamento obtiveram consolidação em todos os casos. O Grupo 1 apresentou escore de Constant mais elevado (83,4) quando comparado com o Grupo 2 (76,4) p = 0,029. Nenhuma das técnicas apresentou complicações graves, embora complicações leves tenham sido observadas apenas no Grupo 2 (80%), a maioria delas a migração do fio de Kirschner e infecção superficial. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas da clavícula distal com placa T proporciona a mesma taxa de consolidação da fixação coracoclavicular com âncoras no coracoide e fios de Kirschner através da articulação AC e melhores resultados clínicos. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nível III, estudo retrospectivo comparativo, estudo terapêutico. .

Use of the amniotic membrane to cover the peritoneal cavity in the reconstruction of the abdominal wall with polypropylene mesh in rats / Uso da membrana amniótica como cobertura da cavidade abdominal na reconstrução da parede com tela de polipropileno em ratos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the amniotic membrane used with polypropylene mesh against the formation of adhesions and its influence on healing. METHODS: twenty five female Wistar rats were anesthetized for creating a parietal defect in the anterior abdominal wall. Its correction was made with polypropylene mesh alone and associated with amniotic membrane. In the control group (n=11), the screen was inserted alone. In group A (n=7) we interposed the amniotic membrane between the screen and the abdominal wall. In group B, the amniotic membrane was placed on the mesh, covering it. After seven days, the animals were euthanized for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of healing. RESULTS: adhesions were observed in all animals except one in the control group. Severe inflammation was observed in all animals in groups A and B and in three of the control group, with significant difference between them (A and B with p=0.01). Pronounced angiogenic activity was noted in one animal in the control group, six in group A and four in group B, with a significant difference between the control group and group A (p=0.002) and group B (p=0.05). The scar collagen was predominantly mature, except in five animals of the control group, with significant difference between the control group and group A (p=0.05) and group B (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The amniotic membrane did not alter the formation of adhesions in the first postoperative week. There were also pronounced inflammation, high angiogenic activity and predominance of mature collagen fibers, regardless of the anatomical plane that it was inserted in.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da membrana amniótica usada com tela de polipropileno contra a formação de aderências e sua influência na cicatrização. MÉTODOS: vinte e cinco ratas Wistar foram anestesiadas para criação de um defeito parietal na parede abdominal anterior. Sua correção foi feita com tela de polipropileno isolada e associada à membrana amniótica. No grupo Controle (n=11), a tela foi inserida isoladamente intra abdominal. No grupo A (n=7), interpôs-se a membrana amniótica entre a tela e a parede abdominal. No grupo B, a membrana amniótica foi colocada sobre a tela, recobrindo-a. Após sete dias, os animais foram eutanasiados para avaliação macroscópica e microscópica da cicatrização. RESULTADOS: aderências foram observadas em todos os animais, exceto em um do grupo Controle. Inflamação acentuada foi observada em todos os animais dos grupos A e B e em três do grupo Controle, com diferença significativa entre eles (A e B com p=0,01). Acentuada atividade angiogênica foi notada em um animal do grupo Controle, seis do grupo A e quatro do grupo B, com diferença significativa entre o grupo Controle e os grupos A (p=0,002) e B (p=0,05). O colágeno cicatricial foi predominantemente maduro, exceto em cinco animais do grupo Controle, com diferença significativa entre o grupo Controle e os grupos A (p=0,05) e B (p=0,05). CONCLUSÃO: a presença da membrana amniótica não alterou a formação de aderências na primeira semana de pós-operatório. Associou-se à inflamação acentuada, elevada atividade angiogênica e predomínio de fibras colágenas maduras, independente do plano anatômico em que foi inserida.

Effects of the povidone-iodine (PVPI) in treatment of bacterial peritonitis induced in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the povidone-iodine (PVI) added to the liquid of wash of the peritoneal cavity in the reduction of bacterial absorption and in the remainder non-phagocyted bacteria in the circulating blood of rat. METHODS: Thirty four Wistar females rats were used, distributed in the following groups: A (n=10), non-treated; B (n=9), wash of the peritoneal cavity with solution of PVI to 1% in saline solution; C (n=15), wash of the cavity with saline solution. After anesthesia, it was made intraperitoneal infusion of solution of Escherichia coli labeled with 99mTc containing 10(8) CFU/ml. After 40 minutes, it was made the treatment, in the group A, manipulation of the viscera; in the group B, irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with warm solution of 1% PVPI to 37,5 degrees C, and in the group C irrigation with warm saline (37,5 degrees C). After 15 minutes of the treatment, blood samples and fragments of liver, spleen and lung was obtained for count of the radioactivity, and animals killed by abdominal aorta section. There were determined the bacterial absorption index and the remainder index in the bloodstream. RESULTS: Of the total of bacteria infused in the peritoneum, there was absorption of 0,92% (0,14% to 2,13%) in the animals of the group A (controls), 0,49% (0,18% to 0,71%) after use of topical PVPI (group B) and 0,80% (0,04% to 3,8%) after wash with saline solution (group C). There was significant reduction of the absorption when compared the treated animals with PVPI and the controls (p=0,003). Of the total of bacteria absorbed for the circulatory current, the percentile amount of bacteria non-phagocyted in the outlying blood was of 2,9% (1,1% to 17,7%) in the control group, 15,2% (8,3% to 21,4%) in those treated with PVPI (group B) and 6,9% (0,8% to 29,7%) after wash with saline solution (group C), with difference among controls and treated with PVPI (p=0,01). CONCLUSION: The wash of the cavity peritoneal of mice with solution containing PVPI showed to be capable to reduce the absorption of bacteria by peritoneum of rat; however it seems to interfere with the function of the phagocytic cells for the observation of the increase of viable bacteria in the outlying blood of those animals.

Effects of the povidone-iodine (PVPI) in treatment of bacterial peritonitis induced in rats / Eficácia do polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVPI) no tratamento da peritonite bacteriana em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the povidone-iodine (PVI) added to the liquid of wash of the peritoneal cavity in the reduction of bacterial absorption and in the remainder non-phagocyted bacteria in the circulating blood of rat. METHODS: Thirty four Wistar females rats were used, distributed in the following groups: A (n=10), non-treated; B (n=9), wash of the peritoneal cavity with solution of PVI to 1 percent in saline solution; C (n=15), wash of the cavity with saline solution. After anesthesia, it was made intraperitoneal infusion of solution of Escherichia coli labeled with 99mTc containing 10(8) CFU/ml. After 40 minutes, it was made the treatment, in the group A, manipulation of the viscera; in the group B, irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with warm solution of 1 percent PVPI to 37,5ºC, and in the group C irrigation with warm saline (37,5ºC). After 15 minutes of the treatment, blood samples and fragments of liver, spleen and lung was obtained for count of the radioactivity, and animals killed by abdominal aorta section. There were determined the bacterial absorption index and the remainder index in the bloodstream. RESULTS: Of the total of bacteria infused in the peritoneum, there was absorption of 0,92 percent (0,14 percent to 2,13 percent) in the animals of the group A (controls), 0,49 percent (0,18 percent to 0,71 percent) after use of topical PVPI (group B) and 0,80 percent (0,04 percent to 3,8 percent) after wash with saline solution (group C). There was significant reduction of the absorption when compared the treated animals with PVPI and the controls (p=0,003). Of the total of bacteria absorbed for the circulatory current, the percentile amount of bacteria non-phagocyted in the outlying blood was of 2,9 percent (1,1 percent to 17,7 percent) in the control group, 15,2 percent (8,3 percent to 21,4 percent) in those treated with PVPI (group B) and 6,9 percent (0,8 percent to 29,7 percent) after wash...

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do uso do polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVPI) acrescido ao líquido de lavagem da cavidade peritoneal na redução da absorção bacteriana e no remanescente bacteriano não fagocitado no sangue periférico de ratos. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se 34 ratos Wistar fêmeas, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: controle (n=10), nenhum tratamento; PVPI (n=9), lavagem da cavidade peritoneal com solução de PVPI a 10 por cento em solução salina; salina (n=15), lavagem da cavidade com solução salina. Após anestesia, fez-se inoculação intraperitoneal de solução de Escherichia coli marcadas com 99mTc contendo 10(8) UFC/ml. Após 40 minutos, realizou-se o tratamento que foi, no grupo controle, manipulação das vísceras; no grupo PVPI, irrigação da cavidade peritoneal com solução de PVPI aquecido a 37,5ºC na concentração de 1 por cento, e no grupo salina irrigação com solução salina aquecida a 37,5ºC. Após 15 minutos do tratamento, os animais foram mortos por secção da aorta abdominal e colhidas amostras do sangue, do fígado, do baço e do pulmão para contagem da radioatividade. Foram determinados o índice de absorção bacteriano e o índice de remanescente no sangue periférico. RESULTADOS: Do total de bactérias inoculadas no peritôneo, houve absorção de 0,92 por cento (0,14 por cento a 2,13 por cento) nos animais do grupo controle, 0,49 por cento (0,18 por cento a 0,71 por cento) após uso do PVPI tópico e 0,80 por cento (0,04 por cento a 3,8 por cento) após lavagem com solução salina. Houve redução significativa da absorção quando comparados os animais tratados com o PVPI e os controles não tratados (p=0,03). Do total de bactérias absorvidas para a corrente circulatória, o percentual de bactérias não fagocitadas presentes no sangue periférico foi de 2,9 por cento (1,1 por cento a 17,7 por cento) nos animais controle 15,2 por cento (8,3 por cento a 21,4 por cento) naqueles tratados com PVPI e 6,9 por cento (0,8 por cento a 29,7 por...

Estudo in vitro e in vivo da motilidade do esôfago, estômago, duodeno e jejuno em ratos infectados por Helicobacter heilmannii type I / Study in vitro and in vivo of the motility of esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum in infected rats with helicobacter heilmannii type I

A infecçäo por bactérias do gênero Helicobacter pode acompanhar-se de alteraçöes hormonais, como a reduçäo da concentraçäo de somatostatina gástrica, podendo causar disfunçöes motoras. Com base nessa premissa, estudaram-se as respostas motoras do trato digestivo alto em 42 ratos Wistar do sexo feminino infectados ou näo com o Helicobacter helmannii tipo I...

Complicaçöes pós-operatórias em cirurgias das vias biliares / Postoperative complications in biliary surgery

A colecistectomia é um procedimento seguro e eficaz para o tratamento da litíase biliar. Certas condiçöes como a infecçäo e a obstruçäo parecem estar associadas a uma maior morbidade e mortalidade operatórias. Com o objetivo de verificar a influência desses fatores na evoluçäo dos pacientes operados por litíase biliar, foram estudados 510 pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que os agentes mais relacionados com as complicaçöes locais e sistêmicas säo a infecçäo e a hiperbilirrubinemia. A antibioticoprofilaxia mostrou se benéfica nesses pacientes.

Insuficiência renal aguda pós-operatória: estudo comparativo em cirurgia abdominal / Postoperative acute kidney failure: comparative study in abdominal surgery

A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) foi estudada comparativamente em 582 pacientes portadores de câncer gástrico, hipertensäo portal equistossomótica, peritonite e icterícia obstrutiva, tratados no Hospital das Clínicas da UGMG, no período de 1977 a 1987. A incidência de IRA pós-operatória nesse grupo foi de 4,9% (29 casos). A incidência de IRA pós-operatória foi mais elevada no grupo de pacientes com icterícia obstrutiva (12,5%) e naqueles com peritonite. A mortalidade global dos pacientes com IRA foi de 79,3%, sendo mais elevada em pacientes com hipertensäo portal e mais baixa em pacientes com câncer gástrico. A infecçäo mostrou-se significativa associada à IRA nos pacientes com hipertensäo portal e perionite. No câncer gástrico e icterícia obstrutiva, essa associaçäo näo foi significativa. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a IRA pós-operatória na icterícia obstrutiva é importante fator de morbidade e mortalidade

Evoluçäo pós-operatória tardia de pacientes esplenectomizados e portadores de derivaçäo portossistêmica / Late postoperactive evolution of patients splenectomized and with portasystemic shunt

Foram avaliados 38 pacientes esplenectomizados e/ou portadores de derivaçäo portossistêmicas para investigar complicaçöes tardias da esplenectomia. Os pacientes portadores de derivaçöes portossistémicas sem esplenectomia foram utilizados como controle. Näo se observou nenhuma complicaçäo tardia que pudesse ser relacionada à esplenectomia. As afecçöes encontradas nesses pacientes foram infecçöes bacterianas leves, úlcera péptica e perda de peso sem causa aparente. O número limitado de pacientes desta casuística näo permite concluir a relaçäo das complicaçöes com a esplenectomia ou derivaçäo portossistêmica. Esses achados deveräo ser mais bem investigados