Eficacia de los programas de desarrollo socioemocional aplicados en educación primaria: Una revisión sistemática paraguas / Effectiveness of social-emotional development programs applied in primary education: an umbrella systematic review

En la actualidad ha aumentado el desarrollo de programas de entrenamiento en habilidades socioemocionales en la infancia, debido a que se los considera como una herramienta válida para la adaptación y afrontamiento de una gran variedad de situaciones, tanto académicas como personales. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que aporten una visión integral de las evidencias disponibles en el contexto de educación primaria. Se presenta una revisión sistemática de tipo paraguas basada en el método PRISMA, que incluye revisiones sobre programas de desarrollo socioemocional aplicados en educación primaria, con el objetivo de sintetizar sus características y recopilar los principales resultados reportados. Se utilizaron las bases de datos: ERIC, WOS, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS y COCHRANE. Tras un proceso por pares ciegos se seleccionaron y analizaron 15 revisiones. Utilizando las herramientas AMSTAR-2 y SANRA se encontró que el 60% de los estudios secundarios presenta una calidad críticamente baja o baja. Se identificaron 39 programas reportados en revisiones de buena calidad, un 51.2% presentaron evidencias moderadas o fuertes e informaron efectos significativos principalmente en ajuste del comportamiento, competencia social y emocional y habilidades académicas. Se discute el impacto de la calidad metodológica encontrada y las evidencias reportados en la interpretación y generalización de los hallazgos.(AU)

Currently, the development of training programs in socioemo-tional skills in childhood has increased because they are considered as a valid tool for adaptation and coping with a variety of situations, both aca-demic and personal. However, there are few studies that show a compre-hensive view of available evidences. This research presents an umbrella re-view based on PRISMA method guidelines. It includes reviews on socio-emotional development programs applied in Primary Education with the aim of synthesizing their characteristics and compiling the main results on their effectiveness. The following databases were used: ERIC, WOS, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS and COCHRANE. After a blind peer process, 15 reviews that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analysed. Using the AMSTAR-2 and SANRA tools, it was found that 60% of secondary studies have critically low or low quality. Thirty nine programs reported in good quality reviews were identified, 51.2% presented moderate or strong evidence and reported significant effectsmainly on behavioral adjustment, social and emotional competencies and academic skills. The impact of the methodological quality found and the evidences on the interpretation and generalization of the findings is discussed.(AU)

South American Validation of a Survey to Assess Eco-Anxiety in Adults (ECO-ANS-LATAM).

Background: climate change is a reality, and more and more people are becoming aware of this global problem, which has generated anxiety in some populations. To validate a short survey to assess eco-anxiety in adults in South America. Methods: It is an instrumental study, and the validation was based on a previous survey, which had six questions and was generated by 217 respondents in the USA in 2021. These questions were subjected to a validation process with expert judgment, pilot and application, and then statistics were obtained. It was validated with 1907 people in six countries in South America, where the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were adequate. Results: The initial confirmatory factorial model obtained unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indices, so the indices were modified through a re-specification, where two items were eliminated, after which adequate values were obtained (χ2 = 22.34, df = 2, p = 0.00; RMR = 0.020; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 0.990; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.070). Finally, the overall Cronbach's α was calculated to be 0.88 (95% CI = 0.86-0.89). Conclusions: The test was validated in a large South American population and found that only four questions can efficiently measure anxiety about the effects of climate change. The instrument can be used with other tests to screen different age groups, ethnicities and realities.

Factores asociados a los trastornos de la esfera mental en el personal de salud de la amazonia peruana al finalizar la pandemia COVID-19 / Factors associated with disorders of the mental sphere in health personnel in the peruvian amazon at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción:En el marco de esta pandemia, el personal de salud ha sufrido cambios psicológicos, debido a su relación directa con pacientes contagiados por COVID-19, convirtiéndose así en parte de un grupo vulnerable.Objetivo:Conocer los factores asociados a los trastornos de la esfera mental en el personal de salud amazónico durante la pandemia COVID-19.Material y Métodos:La población estuvo conformada por el personal de salud de dos establecimientos de I y II nivel, donde la muestra fue de 341 personas. El tipo de estudio es observacional, transversal analítico, se usó como instrumento una encuesta auto aplicada.Resultados:Se encontró mayor depresión en mujeres (RPa: 1,71; IC95%: 1,29-2,26; valor p<0,001) y menor depresión con tener mayor edad (RPa: 0,98; IC95%: 0,97-0,99; valor p=0,018). La ansiedad se asoció con tener familiares fallecidos (RPa: 1,06; IC95%: 1,01-1,12; valor p=0,029). El tener enfermedades previas (RPa: 1,72; IC95%: 1,27-2,32; valor p<0,001), tener colegas fallecidos (RPa: 1,05; IC95%: 1,05-1,06; valor p<0,001) y ser enfermera (RPa: 1,40; IC95%: 1,05-1,85; valor p=0,020) tuvo estrecha relación con el estrés post traumático (EPT).Conclusión:Se concluye que existe factores asociados a la depresión, ansiedad, estrés y EPT en el personal de salud amazónico durante la pandemia COVID-19. (AU)

Introduction:In the context of this pandemic, healthcare personnel have experienced psychological changes, due to their direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients, becoming part of a vulnerable group.Objective:To identify factors associated with mental health disorders among amazonic healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods:The population consisted of healthcare personnel from two level I and II establishments, with a sample size of 341 individuals. The study design was observational, cross sectional, and a self-administered survey was used as the instrument.Results:A higher prevalence of depression was found in women (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-2.26; p-value <0.001), and a lower prevalence of depression was associated with older age (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; p-value=0.018). Anxiety was associated with having deceased family members (aPR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; p-value=0.029). Having previous illnesses (aPR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.27-2.32; p-value <0.001), having deceased colleagues (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.06; p-value <0.001), and being a nurse (aPR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85; p-value=0.020) was closely related to post traumatic stress (PTSD).Conclusion:It is concluded that there are factors associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD among amazonic healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. (AU)

Comportamiento de la accidentabilidad laboral atendida en un Hospital de Lima Metropolitana durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Work-related accident rates at a metropolitan Lima hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: a behavioral analysis

Introducción: El comportamiento de la accidentabilidad durante la pandemia (2020-2021) fue distinto para cada país; además, se observó cambios en las características de los accidentes de trabajo.Objetivos:Describir el comportamiento y los fatores asociados a la accidentabilidad laboral atendida en el Servicio de Emergencia de un hospital del Seguro Social de Perú de Lima Metropolitana, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, que revisó la data de los reportes de accidentes que llegaron a un hospital del seguro social peruano, se tomó como variable principal al período de ocurrencia, según eso se obtuvo estadísticos descriptivos y analíticos. Resultados: De los 5753 accidentes analizados, los años con más accidentes fueron el 2018 (45,7%) y el 2019 (23,1%), durante la pandemia (2020 - 2021) hubo 26,0% de la totalidad de accidentes. En el modelo multivariado se encontró que en la pandemia hubo más accidentes por aplastamiento (RPa: 2,1; IC95%: 1,5-2,9; valor p<0,001) y de agresiones por arma (RPa: 1,2; IC95%: 1,1-1,4; valor p=0,005). Los accidentes más prevalentes fueron por trauma interno (RPa: 1,6; IC95%: 1,1-2,3; valor p=0,025), por torcedura (RPa: 1,2; IC95%: 1,0-1,4; valor p=0,025) y por fracturas (RPa: 1,5; IC95%: 1,1-1,9; valor p=0,002). Las zonas más afectadas fueron la región lumbosacra (RPa: 1,4; IC95%: 1,1-1,8; valor p=0,009) y los dedos (RPa: 1,1; IC95%: 1,0-1,3; valor p=0,046). Conclusión: Durante la pandemia, hubo más accidentes por aplastamiento, por agresiones, por trauma interno, por torcedura, por fracturas, en la región lumbosacra y en los dedos. (AU)

Introduction: The behavior of the accident rate during the pandemic (2020-2021) was different for each country; In addition, changes in the characteristics of work accidents were observed.Objective:To describe the behavior of occupational accidents attended in the Emergency Service of a Peruvian Social Security hospital in Metropolitan Lima, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methodo: Cross-sectional study, which reviewed the data from accident reports that arrived at a Peruvian social security hospital, taking the period of occurrence as the main variable, according to which descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: Of the 5,753 works accidents analyzed, the years with the most accidents were 2018 (45.7%) and 2019 (23.1%), during the pandemic (2020-2021) there were 26.0% of all accidents. In the multivariate model, it was found that during the pandemic there were more accidents due to crushing (aPR: 2,1; 95% CI: 1,5-2,9; value p<0,001) and attacks by weapons (aPR: 2,1; IC95%: 1,5-2,9; value p<0,001). The most prevalent accidents due to internal trauma (aPR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.3; p value=0.025), sprain (aPR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.0-1.4; p value=0.025) and fractures (aPR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9; p value=0.002). The most affected areas were the lumbosacral region (aPR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8; p value=0.009) and in fingers (aPR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0-1.3; p value=0.046). Conclusion: During the pandemic, there were more accidents due to crushing, assaults, internal trauma, sprains, fractures, in the lumbosacral region and in the fingers. (AU)

Crisis due to war: anxiety, depression and stress in the population of 13 Latin American countries.

Sustainability may be at risk in a population that has altered health, according to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3): Health and well-being. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could jeopardize SDG 3, specifically the mental health of the population. The present study sought to determine the association between severe anxiety, depression and stress in population of 13 Latin American countries according to fear about the war conflict. It was a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.97) and fear due to an armed crisis with a questionnaire already validated in Latin America (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.92), which was also adjusted for sex, age, education level and country of residence. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. In the multivariate models, strong associations were found between fear of a possible world-scale armed conflict and having severe or very severe levels of anxiety (aPR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64-2.36; value of p <0.001), depression (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.54-2.36; value of p <0.001) or stress (aPR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.63-2.57; value of p <0.001). Sustainability linked to SDG 3, specifically mental health, is affected by this type of significant events, given the possible global war crisis that could trigger major events, even more so if added to the deterioration already experienced by COVID-19 in the Latin American region, insecurity and constant political uncertainty.

Post-Traumatic Stress Associated with Telework-Related Job Limitation in Latin America.

During the pandemic, there has been evidence of work limitations during telework, which are believed to cause mental health problems. Our objective was to assess the association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latin America in 2020. Exposure was measured by self-reporting using a self-perception questionnaire; the SPRINT-E questionnaire was used for outcome measurements. Generalized linear models were applied. Of 1329 participants, 15.2% (n = 202) had posttraumatic stress. In a multivariate analysis, the highest frequency of posttraumatic stress was found among those with moderate depression or more (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61), moderate or more anxiety (PR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.61-3.41), and moderate or more stress (PR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.46-4.12). In conclusion, there is an association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress in Latin American workers. For this reason, it is recommended that occupational physicians, companies, and institutions assess the frequency of posttraumatic stress and monitor the mental health of workers.

[Analysis with Google Trends and Our World in Data on Global Mental Health in the Context of the covid-19 Pandemic]. / Análisis con Google Trends y Our World in Data sobre la salud mental mundial en el contexto de la pandemia por covid-19.

Introduction: During the covid-19 pandemic, mental health services were unable to cope with the high demand from the population, so many people chose to search the Internet for information that could help them cope with the psychological process they were experiencing at the time. The aim of this study was to characterize the global search trend for the term «psychiatry¼ in the context of covid-19 using Google Trends and Our World in Data. Methods: Descriptive-cross-sectional study on global search trends for Psychiatry in the context of covid-19 under the terms «psychiatry¼, «depression¼, «anxiety¼, «stress¼, «insomnia¼ and «suicide¼ in the category of health, this was conducted over the period 2020-2021 and time graphs were generated. Results: The term «psychiatry¼ remained at a consistently high relative search volume (between 60 and 90), with a significant and gradual search in the month of April. The relative search volume for «depression¼, «anxiety¼ and «stress¼ remained constant with some non-significant fluctuations over the period 2020-2021. The term «insomnia¼ was predominant between January and June 2020, gradually declining in April and remaining constant until October 2021. Finally, the term «suicide¼ had a fluctuating RBV between 60 and 100 during this period. Conclusions: During the study period, the topics related to mental health and the speciality of psychiatry remained constant, with some fluctuating, but not outstanding variations.

Factores asociados a la percepción de repercusiones del internado hospitalario peruano durante la COVID-19

Introducción: La pandemia afectó el internado de estudiantes de salud en su asistencia hospitalaria, en la cual realizan las prácticas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la percepción de repercusiones del internado hospitalario peruano durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva, analítica bivariada y multivariada basado en una encuesta realizada de forma exploratoria, como parte de otra investigación mayor, a la cual se le asoció variables como edad, sexo, tipo de universidad, estrés, ansiedad, depresión y repercusiones del internado. Resultados: De los 121 encuestados, la mayoría pensó que su familia le hubiese apoyado si se enfermaba de gravedad, que pudo haber infectado a sus familiares o alguna amistad/conocido si acudían al hospital. Muchos estuvieron en desacuerdo con que el hospital o la universidad les darían los implementos de seguridad, por la falta de apoyo de estas entidades. Hubo asociación entre el pensar que se habría contagiado de la COVID-19 si iba al hospital versus el puntaje de ansiedad (p= 0,030), el sexo masculino, según la percepción de que la universidad les daría los materiales para cuidarse (p= 0,029) y el provenir de una universidad privada según el percibir que el hospital no le hubiese apoyado, si se enfermaba de gravedad (p= 0,049). Conclusión: Los factores asociados a la percepción de repercusiones del internado son el apoyo familiar, el poder contagiar a sus familiares, falta de materiales dados por las universidades y hospitales, la ansiedad, el sexo masculino y provenir de universidades privadas.

Introduction: The pandemic affected the internship of health sciences students when they attended the hospital. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the perceived impact of the Peruvian hospital internship during COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional; descriptive, bivariate analytical and multivariate statistics were obtained based on an exploratory survey conducted as part of a larger investigation, to which variables such as age, sex, type of university, stress, anxiety, depression, and repercussions of the internship were associated. Results: Of 121 respondents, most of them thought that family would have supported if they have gotten a severe disease. Also, they thought that they could have infected their families or friends/acquaintances if they have gone to the hospital. Many of them disagreed on the statement about the hospital or university providing them safety implements. There was an association between thinking that they could have gotten COVID-19 if they have gone to the hospital versus anxiety score (p= 0,030), being a male according to the perception that the university provided materials to take care of themselves (p= 0,029), and having studied in a private university according to perceiving that the hospital would not have supported them if they have gotten seriously ill (p= 0,049). Conclusion: The factors associated with the perception of repercussions of the boarding school are family support, being able to infect their acquaintances, lack of materials provided by universities and hospitals, anxiety, being male, and coming from private universities.

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder risk post-COVID-19 in 12 countries in Latin America: a cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Latin America was the region most affected by COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020, and consequently, the impact on mental health requires evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by bereavement due to COVID-19 in 12 countries in Latin America. Methods: The current study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Validated tests were applied for PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), questions about the respondent's condition or their environment, and demographic questions, as well as the length of the mourning period of suffering. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that the PTSD risk increased for women (p < 0.001), when a friend or acquaintance had COVID-19 (p = 0.002), when a close relative died from COVID-19 (p = 0.010), having severe depression (p <0.001), severe anxiety (p <0.001), severe stress (p <0.001), residing in Chile (p <0.001), Paraguay (p <0.001), Bolivia (p <0.001), Costa Rica (p <0.001) or El Salvador (p = 0.005). On the other hand, there was less risk of PTSD at an older age (p <0.001) or if respondents had a sentimental partner (p = 0.025). In the case of severe PTSD, there was a greater gender risk for women (p <0.001), a close relative dying from COVID-19 (p = 0.017), having severe depression (p <0.001), severe anxiety (p <0.001), severe stress (p <0.001), residing in Chile (p <0.001), Paraguay (p <0.001), Bolivia (p <0.001) and Costa Rica (p = 0.002). It was also observed that there was less risk of severe PTSD at an older age demographic (p <0.001). Discussion: It can be concluded that the percentages of PTSD are high in its clinical presentation as severe, especially among Latin American women.

Estrés financiero según la percepción de poder perder el trabajo en el Perú durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Financial stress as perceived job loss potential in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19 ha ocasionado inseguridad en muchos aspectos, principalmente ante la posibilidad de perder el trabajo. Objetivo: Determinar si el estrés financiero estuvo asociado a la percepción de poder perder el trabajo en el Perú durante la pandemia COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, donde participaron 507 encuestados. La variable principal se obtuvo de una encuesta validada que medía la inseguridad laboral, esta se cruzó versus el estrés financiero y otras variables socio-laborales. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado, los que tenían estrés financiero tuvieron mayor inseguridad laboral (RPa: 2,46; IC95%: 2,20-2,75; valor p<0,001), por otra parte, a menor edad hubo mayor inseguridad laboral (RPa: 0,992; IC95%: 0,985-0,999; valor p=0,024), ajustado por el estado civil y el tipo de trabajo. Conclusión: Se confirma la fuerte asociación entre el estrés financiero y la inseguridad laboral. Este hallazgo puede repercutir en la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores, generando un inadecuado ambiente en el trabajo. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused insecurity in many aspects, mainly because of the possibility of losing one's job. Objective: To determine whether financial stress was associated with the perception of losing one's job in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, in which 507 respondents participated. The main variable was obtained from a validated survey measuring job insecurity, which was crossed with financial stress and other socio-labor variables. Results: In the multivariate analysis, those with financial stress had greater job insecurity (RPa: 2.46; 95%CI: 2.20-2.75; p-value<0.001), while the younger the age, the greater the job insecurity (RPa: 0.992; 95%CI: 0.985-0.999; p-value=0.024), adjusted for marital status and type of work. Conclusion: The strong association between financial stress and job insecurity is confirmed. This finding may have repercussions on the occupational health of workers, generating an inadequate work environment. (AU)

Conocimientos sobre COVID-19 que tiene la población económicamente activa del Perú: estudio de validación (KNOW-PER-COV) / Knowledge of COVID-19 in the economically active population of Peru: validation study (KNOW-PER-COV)

Introducción: El COVID-19 sigue siendo un problema sanitario a nivel mundial, pues es un virus que continúa evolucionando y la vacunación sigue presentando obstáculos. Es menester evaluar los conocimientos sobre COVID-19 de la población laboral, pues estos permiten respaldar una toma de decisiones en favor de la prevención. Objetivo: Validar una escala que mida conocimientos sobre COVID-19 que tiene la población laboral del Perú. Material y Métodos: Se confeccionó una escala de 10 preguntas, se las sometió a un juicio de expertos, se evaluó en un piloto y se hizo una encuesta a 663 trabajadores. Resultados: La V de Aiken fue mayor de 0,7 en todos los ítems. Se obtuvo un total de 9 ítems. Se evidenció que el ítem 3 fue el más difícil (ID = 63%). El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,701 (0.65-0.74). Conclusiones: Se validó un instrumento, que puede medir efectivamente los conocimientos sobre COVID-19 de los trabajadores. (AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a global health problem, as it is a virus that continues to evolve and vaccination continues to present obstacles. It is necessary to evaluate the knowledge about COVID-19 of the working population, since these allow supporting decision-making in favor of prevention. Objective: Validate a scale that measures knowledge about COVID-19 that the working population of Peru has. Material and Methods: A scale of 10 questions was made, submitted to expert judgment, evaluated in a pilot, and a survey of 663 workers was carried out. Results: Aiken’s V was greater than 0.7 in all items. A total of 9 items were obtained. Item 3 was found to be the most difficult (ID = 63%). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.701 (0.65-0.74). Conclusions: An instrument was validated, which can effectively measure workers’ knowledge about COVID-19. (AU)

Percepción y factores asociados a la posibilidad de vacunarse contra Covid-19 en trabajadores de la zona rural de Chupaca-Perú, 2021 / Perception and factors associated with the possibility of getting vaccines against Covid-19 in workers in the rural zone of Chupaca-Peru, 2021

Introducción: Se ha determinado la percepción de vacunarse contra la COVID-19 en múltiples poblaciones laborales, pero esto no ha sido medido en población rural, que muchas veces tiene diferencias importantes de la urbana. Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociolaborales asociados a la negativa a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en trabajadores rurales de la sierra central peruana. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, se usó la Escala-VAC-COVID-19 para medir la percepción acerca de la vacunación, esto se cruzó con variables sociolaborales y se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado, los que no querían vacunarse pertenecían al sector agricultura (RPa: 1,88; valor p=0,003), quienes aún no tuvieron la enfermedad (RPa: 1,61; valor p=0,045) o que no sabían si la habían tenido (RPa: 1,85; valor p=0,017). Los que más querían vacunarse eran los del sector salud (RPa: 0,12; valor p=0,031). Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de negativa a la vacunación estuvo en quienes pertenecían al sector agricultura, quienes aún no tuvieron la enfermedad o que no sabían si la habían tenido, y el mayor porcentaje de aceptación estuvo en el sector salud. (AU)

Introduction: The perception of being vaccinated against COVID-19 has been determined in multiple working populations, but this has not been measured in the rural population, which often has important differences from the urban one. Objective: To determine the sociolaboral factors associated with the refusal of vaccination against COVID-19 in rural workers of the central Peruvian highlands. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, the VAC-COVID-19 Scale was used to measure the perception about vaccination, this was crossed with sociolaboral variables and descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: In the multivariate analysis, those who did not want to be vaccinated belonged to the agricultural sector (PRa: 1.88; p-value=0.003), those who had not yet had the disease (PRa: 1.61; p-value=0.045) or who did not know if they had had it (PRa: 1.85; p-value=0.017). Those who most wanted to be vaccinated were those in the health sector (RPa: 0.12; p-value=0.031). Conclusion: The highest percentage of refusal to vaccination was in those who belonged to the agricultural sector, those who had not yet had the disease or did not know if they had had it, and the highest percentage of acceptance was in the health sector. (AU)

Factores asociados a preocupación y miedo durante la COVID-19 en practicantes preprofesionales de salud

RESUMEN Introducción: Los practicantes preprofesionales de la salud también fueron afectados mentalmente por la COVID-19. Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados a tener más preocupación y miedo durante la COVID-19 en practicantes preprofesionales de la salud peruanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal con métodos analíticos; participaron 285 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de la salud del sur del Perú; les fueron aplicados 2 test validados localmente, a los resultados se les cruzó con diversas variables socio-educativas. Resultados: Las principales preocupaciones fueron: no podían evitar preocuparse a pesar de las medidas tomadas, incertidumbre por ser una enfermedad impredecible, que su centro laboral tiene muchos riesgos y la percepción de que su capacidad laboral fuera afectada por ser contagiado. Los principales miedos fueron: percepción de que el corazón se aceleraba o que las manos le suden. Quienes se encontraban en algún establecimiento I-3 (sin internamiento) tenían menos preocupación que los de otros (RPa: 0,56; IC 95 %: 0,43-0,72; valor p< 0,001), ajustado por el sexo y la carrera de estudios. A mayor edad había más miedo (RPa: 1,76; IC 95 %: 1,46-2,11; valor p< 0,001), ajustado por 4 variables. Conclusiones: Los practicantes evidenciaron preocupación en relación a lo impredecible que es la enfermedad, riesgos laborales y el poder ser contagiado; además, miedo que causó una aceleración cardiaca muy fuerte y sudor en las manos. Asociado a la preocupación estuvo el nivel del establecimiento de la salud en donde laboraban y asociado al miedo, la edad de los encuestados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preprofessional health care practitioners were also mentally affected by COVID-19. Objectives: To determine the factors associated with having more worry and fear during COVID-19 in Peruvian pre-professional health care practitioners. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical methods, with the participation of 285 students from different health careers in southern Peru, to whom 2 locally validated tests were applied and crossed with different socio-educational variables. Results: The main concerns were that they could not help worrying despite the measures taken, the uncertainty of being an unpredictable disease, the fact that their workplace has many risks and the perception that their ability to work would be affected by being infected. The main fears were the perception that their heart was racing or that their hands were sweating. Those who were in an I-3 facility (without hospitalization) were less worried than those in other facilities (RPa: 0.56; 95 % CI: 0.43-0.72; p-value< 0.001), adjusted for sex and educational career. In addition, the older the age, the more fear (RPa: 1.76; 95 % CI: 1.46-2.11; p-value< 0.001), adjusted for 4 variables. Conclusions: The practitioners showed concern in relation to the unpredictability of the disease, occupational hazards and the fact that they could be infected; in addition, fear that caused a very strong cardiac acceleration and sweating in the hands. Associated with the concern was the level of the health facility where they worked. Associated with fear was the age of the respondents.

Factores socio-laborales asociados a la posibilidad de vacunación contra la COVID-19 si el trabajo se los exige, Perú / Socio-occupational factors associated with the possibility of vaccination against COVID-19 if required by work, Peru

En el contexto de la llegada de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 al Perú, es importante conocer que rubros son los más dispuestos a realizarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores socio-laborales asociados a la posibilidad de vacunación contra la COVID-19 si el trabajo se los exige. Estudio transversal analítico, que tuvo como pregunta principal si es que se vacunarían si es que es requisito para el trabajo, esto se comparó según el rubro laboral, el sexo y el grupo etario; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y analítica. De los 6628 trabajadores encuestados, el 34% y 35% se vacunarían si es que el trabajo se los pide según el que aún no se enfermaran o que ya lo hubiesen hecho, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado, hubo mayor frecuencia de estar de acuerdo con el vacunarse entre los que están en el sector de minería (RPa: 1,33; IC95%: 1,05-1,69; valor p=0,019), los que hacen labores domésticas (RPa: 1,14; IC95%: 1,01-1,29; valor p=0,036) y los hombres (RPa: 1,07; IC95%. 1,01-1,14; valor p=0,029); en cambio, a comparación de los más jóvenes, los del rango etario de 40-49 años (RPa: 0,82; IC95%: 0,71-0,95; valor p=0,010) los que pensaban en vacunarse menor frecuencia. Hubo una baja percepción a la posibilidad de vacunarse si es que el trabajo se los pide, siendo los principales factores asociados a la posibilidad de vacunarse el no haberse contagiado previamente de COVID-19, pertenecer al sector minería, realizar labores domésticas y ser hombre(AU)

In the context of the arrival of vaccines against COVID-19 in Peru, it is important to know which sectors are the most willing to be vaccinated. The objective of this study was to determine the socio-labor factors associated with the possibility of vaccination against COVID-19 if required by work. Analytical cross-sectional study, which had as its main question whether they would be vaccinated if it was a job requirement, this was compared according to work category, sex and age group; descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 6628 workers surveyed, 34% and 35% would get vaccinated if required to do so by their job, based on whether they had not yet been sick or had already been sick, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, there was a higher frequency of agreement to be vaccinated among those in the mining sector (aPR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.05-1.69; p-value=0.019), those doing domestic work (aPR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.01-1.29; p-value=0.036) and men (aPR: 1.07; 95%CI. 1.01-1.14; p-value=0.029); in contrast, those in the younger age range 40-49 years (aPR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71-0.95; p-value=0.010) were less likely to be vaccinated than those in the younger age range (aPR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71-0.95; p-value=0.010). There was a low perception of the possibility of getting vaccinated if asked to do so at work, the main factors associated with the possibility of getting vaccinated being not having been previously infected with COVID-19, belonging to the mining sector, performing domestic work and being male(AU)

[Supernumerary spleen simulating a renal tumor. Case report]. / Bazo supernumerario simulando un tumor renal: a propósito de un caso.

OBJECTIVE: Report one case of ectopic spleen simulating a renal tumor. We performed a review of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We present the case of a 54-year-old splenectomized female patient with the incidental diagnosis on ultrasound of a left kidney upper pole mass simulating a renal tumor. RESULTS: After the performance of CT scan, and with the suspicion of renal neoplasia, the patient underwent tumorectomy with the pathologic diagnosis of the specimen compatible with supernumerary spleen. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the importance of including pseudo masses of splenic origin in the differential diagnosis of left renal, adrenal and retroperitoneal tumors. We emphasize the importance of CT scan as the imaging test of choice, and gammagraphy as a complementary test. We point out conservative attitude as the most suitable in cases of asymptomatic pseudomass of splenic origin.

Bazo supernumerario simulando un tumor renal: a propósito de un caso / Supernumerary spleen simulating a renal tumor. Case report

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de bazo ectópico simulando un tumor renal. Hacemos una revisión de la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y del tratamiento. Método: Presentamos a una paciente de 54 años esplenectomizada que se le detecta incidentalmente mediante una ecografía una masa en polo superior del riñón izquierdo simulando un tumor renal. Resultados: Tras la realización de un TAC, y bajo la sospecha de neoplasia renal, se le practicó tumorectomía de la lesión observándose en el diagnóstico histológico posterior pieza compatible con bazo supernumerario. Conclusiones: Resaltamos la importancia de incluir las pseudomasas de origen esplénico dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores renales, suprarrenales y retroperitoneales izquierdos. Destacamos la importancia del TAC como técnica de elección y de la gammagrafía como estudio complementario. Apuntamos la actitud conservadora como la más idónea en los casos de pseudomasa de origen esplénico asintomática tumor (AU)

Objective: Report one case of ectopic spleen simulating a renal tumor. We performed a review of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We present the case of a 54-year-old splenectomized female patient with the incidental diagnosis on ultrasound of a left kidney upper pole mass simulating a renal tumor. Results: After the performance of CT scan, and with the suspicion of renal neoplasia, the patient underwent tumorectomy with the pathologic diagnosis of the specimen compatible with supernumerary spleen. Conclusions: We emphasize the importance of including pseudo masses of splenic origin in the differential diagnosis of left renal, adrenal and retroperitoneal tumors. We emphasize the importance of CT scan as the imaging test of choice, and gammagraphy as a complementary test. We point out conservative attitude as the most suitable in cases of asymptomatic pseudomass of splenic origin (AU)

[Idiopathic scrotal edema: report of two cases]. / Edema del escroto agudo idiopático: presentación de dos casos.

OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of acute idiopathic scrotal edema. METHODS: We describe the cases of two 12-year-old male patients presenting at the emergency department of our hospital with pain, edema and erythema in one hemiscrotum without history of trauma. RESULTS: On physical examination both patients showed red hemiscrotum skin and increase of the size with normal testicles and epididymis. With the diagnosis of acute scrotum testicular ultrasound were performed and showed heterogeneous edema of the scrotal skin with increased in Doppler flows and normal testicles. CONCLUSIONS: Acute idiopathic scrotal edema is a self-limited pathology which basically affects children before puberty and should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum to avoid aggressive interventions.