El bajo consumo de hierro, calcio y cinc tiene relación con valores elevados de plomo sanguíneo en mujeres embarazadas / Low iron, calcium and zinc intake is associated with elevated blood lead levels in pregnant women

Objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre los valores de plomo en la sangre (VPS) y la adecuación (%) en el consumo de nutrientes en mujeres del sur de México. Métodos: Participaron 424 embarazadas. Se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos referido al año anterior. Se estimó la prevalencia de VPS elevados (> 10 μg/dl, según la Norma Oficial Mexicana [NOM] 199 SSA 1-2000 y el Center for Disease Control and Prevention de Estados Unidos, 2007). Resultados: La media de adecuación de la ingesta de cinc, calcio, hierro total, hierro hem, vitamina C y vitamina A fue del 37,4, el 88,2, el 38,5, el 12,8, el 78,9 y el 84,6%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de VPS elevados fue del 41,5% y el riesgo concomitante estuvo explicado por la edad > 35 años (odds ratio [OR] = 3,8 [1,4-10,3] con respecto a las de edad < 25 años; p = 0,01), concentraciones bajas de hemoglobina en sangre (< 12 g/ dl) (OR = 3,1 [1,9-5]; p < 0,0001), índice de masa corporal ≥ 30 (OR = 1,9 [1,1-3,5]; p = 0,026), uso de piezas de cerámica vidriada en la preparación y/o el consumo de alimentos (OR = 2,3 [1,5-3,6]; p < 0,0001), adecuación en el consumo de hierro hem < 20% (OR = 2,7 [1,1-6,6]; p = 0,025), adecuación en el consumo de calcio < 80% (OR = 1,4 [1-2]; p = 0,056], adecuación en el consumo de cinc del 50-99% (OR = 1,9 [1-3,5]; p = 0,038) y adecuación < 50% (OR = 4,3 [2,2-8,7]; p = 0,044) con respecto a quienes consumían el 100% o más de los valores recomendados. Conclusiones: El déficit en el consumo de hierro hem, calcio y cinc está asociado a mayor riesgo de VPS elevados, que también tuvieron relación con anemia, consumo de alimentos en piezas de cerámica vidriada, obesidad y mayor edad(AU)

Objectives: To analyze the association between blood lead levels and nutrient consumption, as well as associated factors, in women from southern Mexico. Methods: A total of 424 pregnant women participated in this study by completing a questionnaire on the frequency of food consumption in the previous year. The prevalence of high blood lead levels (>10 µg/dL) was defined according to the Mexican Official Norm (NOM- 199 SSA 1-2000) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, 2007. Results: The mean percentage of adequacy of intake of zinc, calcium, total-iron, heme-iron, vitamin C and vitamin A was 37.4%, 88.2%, 38.5%, 12.8%, 78.9% and 84.6%, respectively. The prevalence of high blood lead levels was 41.5%. The risk associated with the prevalence of high blood lead levels was explained by age >35 years old [OR: 3.8 (1.4,10.3)] compared with age <25 years old (P=0.010), low blood hemoglobin levels (< 12g/dL) [OR: 3.1 (1.9, 5.0)] (P<0.0001), body mass index 30 Kg/m2 [OR: 1.9 (1.1, 3.5)], (P=0.026); compliance with heme-iron recommendations <20% [OR: 2.7(1.1, 6.6)], (P=0.025), calcium recommendations <80% [OR: 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)] (P=0.056), and zinc recommendations 50-99% [OR: 1.9 (1.0, 3.5)] (P=0.038), and <50% adequacy [OR: 4.3 (2.2, 8.7)] (P = 0.044) with respect to persons consuming 100% or more of recommended intake. Conclusions: Low heme-iron, zinc and calcium consumption was associated with a higher risk of high blood lead levels, which in turn were also associated with anemia, food consumption from ceramic plates and containers, obesity and older age(AU)

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyles in adult males from Oaxaca, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of metabolic syndrome (MS) with residential area and lifestyle in men from Oaxaca, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998 in 325 apparently healthy men 35 to 65 years of age in four residential areas: rural, urban poor, urban middle, and urban rich. MS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. Information on physical activity and diet was collected by questionnaire. Based on two 24-hour recalls, a diet quality index (DQI) using eight WHO recommendations to prevent chronic diseases was constructed. RESULTS: The MS rate was 41.2%; twice as high in urban (45.4%) than rural (27.6%) subjects. A significantly higher risk of MS was associated with low DQI in urban poor (OR 2.5; CI: 1.0-6.3) and rich (OR 3.2; CI: 1.5-8.6), compared to rural subjects. Physical activity was an independent protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: MS is highly prevalent in apparently healthy men in urban areas, illustrating the role of diet and lifestyle transition.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyles in adult males from Oaxaca, Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of metabolic syndrome (MS) with residential area and lifestyle in men from Oaxaca, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998 in 325 apparently healthy men 35 to 65 years of age in four residential areas: rural, urban poor, urban middle, and urban rich. MS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. Information on physical activity and diet was collected by questionnaire. Based on two 24-hour recalls, a diet quality index (DQI) using eight WHO recommendations to prevent chronic diseases was constructed. RESULTS: The MS rate was 41.2 percent; twice as high in urban (45.4 percent) than rural (27.6 percent) subjects. A significantly higher risk of MS was associated with low DQI in urban poor (OR 2.5; CI: 1.0-6.3) and rich (OR 3.2; CI: 1.5-8.6), compared to rural subjects. Physical activity was an independent protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: MS is highly prevalent in apparently healthy men in urban areas, illustrating the role of diet and lifestyle transition.

OBJETIVO: Determinar las asociaciones entre el síndrome metabólico (SM) con el área residencial y el estilo de vida en hombres de Oaxaca, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 325 adultos en cuatro áreas residenciales: rural y urbano (pobre, medio y rico), realizado en 1998. Se utilizó la definición de IDF para SM y documentó la actividad física y dieta. Con base en dos recordatorios de 24-horas, se construyó un índice de calidad nutricional (ICN) utilizando ocho recomendaciones de la OMS para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. RESULTADOS:. La prevalencia general del SM fue de 41.2 por ciento, y doblemente mayor en urbanos ricos (45.4 por ciento) que en rurales (27.6 por ciento). Un riesgo significativamente más elevado de SM se asoció con un ICN bajo en urbanos pobres y en sujetos ricos (OR 3.2; IC: 1.5-8.6). La actividad física fue un factor protector independiente. CONCLUSIONES: El SM es altamente prevalente en hombres aparentemente sanos en áreas urbanas, lo cual refleja el papel de la transición nutricional y del estilo de vida.