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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 74(7): e167-le174, jul. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154647

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La disostosis cleidocraneal es una displasia esquelética rara, con herencia autosómica dominante, que afecta especialmente a las clavículas. Está causada por las mutaciones de los genes CBFA1/RUNX2. Objetivo: Descripción de 2 casos de disostosis cleidocraneal en una misma familia con diferente expresividad clínica. Métodos: Se describe el estudio clínico y radiográfico de 2 miembros de una misma familia afectados de disostosis cleidocraneal. Resultados: La deformidad con aplasia o hipoplasia de las clavículas se presentó en las 2 pacientes, al igual que la ausencia de fusión de la sínfisis del pubis y de los arcos posteriores de distintas vértebras cervicales, torácicas y lumbares. Ambas pacientes presentan un fenotipo facial peculiar con frente amplia, hipertelorismo ocular y estrabismo. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de la disostosis cleidocraneal se basa en hallazgos clínicos y radiográficos, y se puede confirmar mediante un análisis genético. Es importante realizar un estudio familiar para detectar a otros individuos que pudieran estar afectados (AU)


Introduction: Cleidocraneal dysostosis is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia in which the clavicles are typically affected. Mutations of the CBFA1/RUNX2 genes cause this disease. Objective: Report of two familial cases of cleidocranial dysostosis with different clinical expressivity. Methods: A clinical and radiographic study of two individuals with cleidocranial dysostosis in the same family is described. Results: Aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles was present in both patients, who also showed lack of fusion of the symphysis pubis and the posterior arches of different cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Both individuals presented dysmorphic facial features including broad forehead, hypertelorism and strabismus. Conclusions: The diagnosis of cleidocranial dysostosis was based on clinical and radiographic findings and can be confirmed by genetic analysis. It is important to study the whole family to search for more affected individuals (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Adult , Cleidocranial Dysplasia/diagnosis , Clavicle/abnormalities , Bone Diseases, Developmental/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis
2.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 84(3): 178.e1-178.e7, mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147747

ABSTRACT

La obesidad infantil determina un riesgo elevado de enfermedad cardiovascular. Este artículo realiza una actualización sobre el papel que los factores dietéticos tienen sobre el desarrollo y la prevención de la obesidad en este grupo de edad. Según la evidencia científica, las recomendaciones recogidas son: promover el consumo de hidratos de carbono de absorción lenta y disminuir aquellos con índice glucémico alto, evitar el consumo de bebidas azucaradas, limitar el consumo de grasas a un 30% de las calorías totales diarias y el de grasas saturadas a un 7-10%, reducir la ingesta de colesterol, evitar durante el primer año las fórmulas con alto contenido proteico, aumentar la ingesta de fibra, reducir el aporte de sodio y realizar al menos 4 comidas al día evitando el consumo regular de comida rápida y de snacks


Childhood obesity is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and early mortality. This paper summarises the currently available evidence on the implications of dietary factors on the development and prevention of obesity in paediatric patients. Evidence-based recommendations are: promote the consumption of slowly absorbed carbohydrates and reduce those with a high-glycaemic-index, avoid intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. Fat may provide up to 30-35% of the daily energy intake and saturated fat should provide no more than 10% of daily energy intake; reduce cholesterol intake, avoid formula milk with a high protein content during the first year; promote higher fibre content in the diet, reduce sodium intake, and have at least four meals a day, avoiding regular consumption of fast food and snacks


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Endocrine System Diseases/epidemiology , Endocrine System Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Energy Consumption/methods , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Societies, Medical/standards , Endocrinology/legislation & jurisprudence , Endocrinology/standards , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Body Mass Index , Micronutrients/therapeutic use
3.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(3): 178.e1-7, 2016 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26212421

ABSTRACT

Childhood obesity is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and early mortality. This paper summarises the currently available evidence on the implications of dietary factors on the development and prevention of obesity in paediatric patients. Evidence-based recommendations are: promote the consumption of slowly absorbed carbohydrates and reduce those with a high-glycaemic-index, avoid intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. Fat may provide up to 30-35% of the daily energy intake and saturated fat should provide no more than 10% of daily energy intake; reduce cholesterol intake, avoid formula milk with a high protein content during the first year; promote higher fibre content in the diet, reduce sodium intake, and have at least four meals a day, avoiding regular consumption of fast food and snacks.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diet , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Child , Endocrinology , Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Pediatrics , Risk Factors , Societies, Medical
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 75(4): 273-276, oct. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-96347

ABSTRACT

La glucoquinasa es uno de los principales reguladores de la glucemia plasmática en ayunas. Numerosas mutaciones en el gen de la glucoquinasa (GCK) se han identificado como base molecular de la diabetes monogénica. Recientemente se han descrito polimorfismos en su promotor que se asocian a incrementos en la glucemia plasmática en ayunas. Se presenta a un niño de 7 años y 7 meses con sobrepeso y antecedentes de diabetes en dos generaciones previas. En la sobrecarga oral de glucosa presentó alteración de la glucemia en ayunas y a las 2h, con respuesta de insulina elevada. Las alteraciones analíticas mejoraron tras pérdida ponderal manteniendo una discreta hiperglucemia en ayunas. El estudio de las diabetes monogénicas más frecuentes, MODY subtipos 1, 2 y 3, fue negativo, encontrándose la variante alélica (G/A) en el polimorfismo rs1799884, localizado en el promotor de GCK (AU)


Glucokinase is one of the most important regulators of fasting glucose levels. There are several mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK) which are linked with monogenic diabetes. Recently, a polymorphism in its promoter has been described, which is associated with impaired fasting glucose levels. We present a 7 years and 7 months old boy with overweight and a familial background of diabetes in two previous generations. In the oral glucose tolerance test, he had impaired fasting glucose levels and after two hours, with a high insulin response. Laboratory abnormalities improved after weight loss, but he maintains a slight fasting hyperglycaemia. The molecular study of the most common monogenic diabetes forms, MODY subtypes 1, 2, and 3, was negative. The allelic variant G/A was however detected at the GCK promoter polymorphism rs1799884 (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Hyperglycemia/therapy , Glucokinase/administration & dosage , Glucokinase/therapeutic use , Overweight/diagnosis , Overweight/enzymology , Hyperglycemia/enzymology , Glucokinase/chemical synthesis , Glucokinase/metabolism , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/trends , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 75(4): 273-6, 2011 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21697023

ABSTRACT

Glucokinase is one of the most important regulators of fasting glucose levels. There are several mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK) which are linked with monogenic diabetes. Recently, a polymorphism in its promoter has been described, which is associated with impaired fasting glucose levels. We present a 7 years and 7 months old boy with overweight and a familial background of diabetes in two previous generations. In the oral glucose tolerance test, he had impaired fasting glucose levels and after two hours, with a high insulin response. Laboratory abnormalities improved after weight loss, but he maintains a slight fasting hyperglycaemia. The molecular study of the most common monogenic diabetes forms, MODY subtypes 1, 2, and 3, was negative. The allelic variant G/A was however detected at the GCK promoter polymorphism rs1799884.


Subject(s)
Glucokinase/genetics , Hyperglycemia/genetics , Mutation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Child , Fasting , Humans , Male
6.
Bol. pediatr ; 42(181): 257-259, 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-15833

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La pseudotrombocitopenia dependiente del ácido etilendiamino tetraacético (EDTA) es el hallazgo de un recuento bajo de plaquetas en muestras anticoaguladas con EDTA y procesadas en autoanalizadores, por la formación de agregados plaquetarios in vitro. Poco frecuente en población pediátrica. Es importante su identificación ya que carece de significación patológica y se evitarán procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos innecesarios. Caso clínico. Niña de 13 años remitida a nuestro Hospital por trombocitopenia sin clínica hemorrágica. Recuento inicial de plaquetas 77x109/L. En la extensión de sangre periférica se hallaron gran cantidad de agregados plaquetarios. El recuento de plaquetas en sangre citratada fue normal confirmándose el diagnóstico de pseudotrombocitopenia dependiente de EDTA. Discusión. La pseudotrombocitopenia dependiente de EDTA se produce por la formaión de agregados plaquetarios en presencia de anticuerpos IgG, IgM e IgA, que actúan sobre el antígeno de superficie plaquetar GpIIb/ IIIa tras sufrir este un cambio en su conformación en presencia de EDTA, quedando expuesto un "neoantígeno" (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Child , Humans , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Edetic Acid/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/immunology , Thrombocytopenia/blood
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