ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Approximately 70% of cancer-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to social and racial inequalities, treatment options in these countries are usually limited because of the lack of trained staff and equipment, limited patient access to health services, and a small number of clinical guidelines. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology developed this guideline to address these barriers and guide physicians treating patients with endometrial cancer (EC) in regions with limited resources and few specialized centers. METHODS: The guideline was prepared from 10 January to 25 October 20192019 by a multidisciplinary team of 56 experts to discuss the main obstacles faced by EC patients in Brazil. Thirteen questions considered critical to the surgical treatment of these patients were defined. The questions were assigned to groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments for presentations in meetings, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. RESULTS: For all questions including staging, fertility spearing treatment, genetic testing, sentinel lymph node use, surgical treatment, and other clinical relevant questions, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to provide adequate treatment for most EC patients in resource-limited areas, but the first option should be referral to specialized centers with more resources.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery , Health Services Accessibility , Brazil , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis , Continuity of Patient Care , Diagnostic Imaging , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Fertility Preservation , Humans , Hysterectomy , Lymph Node Excision , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Peritoneal Neoplasms/therapy , Physical Examination , Referral and Consultation , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary treatment for locally advanced cases of cervical cancer is chemoradiation followed by high-dose brachytherapy. When this treatment fails, pelvic exenteration (PE) is an option in some cases. This study aimed to develop recommendations for the best management of patients with cervical cancer undergoing salvage PE. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to all members of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology. Of them, 68 surgeons participated in the study and were divided into 10 working groups. A literature review of studies retrieved from the National Library of Medicine database was carried out on topics chosen by the participants. These topics were indications for curative and palliative PE, preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of tumor resectability, access routes and surgical techniques, PE classification, urinary, vaginal, intestinal, and pelvic floor reconstructions, and postoperative follow-up. To define the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation, an adapted version of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Health Service rating system was used. RESULTS: Most conducts and management strategies reviewed were strongly recommended by the participants. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines outlining strategies for PE in the treatment of persistent or relapsed cervical cancer were developed and are based on the best evidence available in the literature.
Subject(s)
Pelvic Exenteration/standards , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Brazil , Colostomy/methods , Diagnostic Imaging , Drainage , Female , Humans , Laparoscopy , Lymph Node Excision , Nutrition Assessment , Ostomy , Palliative Care , Pelvic Floor/surgery , Peritoneal Lavage , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Societies, Medical , Surgical Flaps , Urinary Catheters , Urinary Reservoirs, Continent , Vagina/surgery , Video RecordingABSTRACT
Objetivo: Apresentar a solução encontrada para reconstrução total de nariz em dois pacientes submetidos a rinectomia total, associando enxerto de ulna e retalho microcirúrgico; e sua evolução. Introdução: A reconstrução total de nariz representa um desafio nos pacientes submetidos a rinectomia total por motivos oncológicos. A obtenção de resultados favoráveis inclui não somente a erradicação da doença, mas também aspectos funcionais e estéticos. O estigma de mutilação, bem como a confecção e a aquisição de prótese de boa qualidade e a necessidade de fixação e manutenção da mesma são fatores que comprometem a qualidade de vida do paciente de forma significativa. A opção de retalhos locais é limitada e não oferece possibilidades para adequada reparação. Muitas vezes, a utilização destes retalhos na tentativa de reconstrução após a rinectomia total leva a maior comprometimento estético da face. A associação de enxerto ósseo da crista ulnar e retalho autólogo microvascular representa uma solução para este problema, oferecendo um resultado favorável, tanto do ponto de vista estético quanto funcional. Método: Caso 1 - paciente do sexo masculino, 68 anos, caucasiano, foi diagnosticado com recidiva de tumor de fossa nasal, tratado previamente com radioterapia exclusiva. Realizada ressecção com controle intra-operatório de margens por biópsia de congelação, havendo necessidade de rinectomia total. Optou-se pela reconstrução com retalho antebraquial microvascular, associado com enxerto de ulna. Tal enxerto foi fixado com parafusos ao remanescente do osso nasal. O retalho microvascular foi confeccionado baseado na artéria radial e, no leito receptor, foram utilizadas a artéria tireóidea superior e a veia facial. O retalho foi suturado inicialmente para reconstrução do lado mucoso, sendo suturado à mucosa nasal remanescente e, foi dobrado sobre si mesmo e suturado à pele da face após cobertura do enxerto ósseo...
