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Objective To discuss the anti-inflammatory effect and its possible mechanism of different insulin concentration on IκB, NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA in monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and to detect the key molecule P-Akt in PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway at the cellular level. Methods The peripheral blood (10 ml)is collected from 30 type 2 diabetics (T2DM). Then, the mononuclear cells are centrifugally separated based on density gradient and divided into five different groups:the control (Con)group; the low concentration insulin 100 mU/L(L-Ins)group; the combination of low concentration insulin 100 mU/L and LY-294002 10 μmol/L(L-Ins+LY) group; the high concentration insulin 1000 mU/L (H-Ins) group, The combination of high concentration insulin 1000 mU/L and LY- 294002 10 μmol/L(H-Ins+LY) group. Two subgroups were set in each category. After incubating for 24 hours, the lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml)was added and the mononuclear cell culture of peripheral blood was continued. One hour later, the activities of P-Akt, IκBα and NF-κB of one subgroup were detected using western blot; two hours later, monocytes of the other subgroup were collected and the level of TNF-a mRNA was detected using real-time PCR Results Compared with Con group, the expressions of P-Akt and IkB were higher in L-Ins group and H-Ins group (P<0. 05), the expressions of NF-κB and TNF-a mRNA were lower in L-Ins group and H-Ins group (P<0. 05). Compared with L-Ins group, the expressions of P-Akt and IκB were higher in H-Ins group (P<0. 05), but the expressions of NF-κB and TNF-a mRNA were lower (P< 0. 05). Compared with L-Ins + LY group (H-Ins + LY group), the expressions of IκB and P-Akt were higher(P<0. 05)and the expressions of NF-κB and TNF-a mRNA were lower in L-Ins group (H-Ins group)(P<0. 05). Compared with Con group, no significant variations were shown in the expressions of P-Akt, IkB and NF-κB in L-Ins+LY group and H-Ins+LY group (P>0. 05) except for the high expressions of TNF-a mRNA (P<0. 05). There is no significant difference between L-Ins+LY group and H-Ins+LY group (P>0. 05). Conclusion The direct anti-inflammatory effect of insulin is verified in a dose dependent manner. Insulin may regulate the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by activating PI3K/Akt pathway, increasing IkB and affecting the state of NF-κB. Insulin may increase the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines through other pathways when the PI3K/Akt pathway is blocked.
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A total of 62 critically ill patients were randomly allocated to the intensive insulin therapy group and the conventional insulin therapy group. The effect of therapy on the prognosis, the activity of NF-κB in peripheral blood monouclear cells and plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level were investigated. The results showed that the intensive insulin therapy may improve the prognosis and insulin had a reliable anti-inflammatory effect in the critically ill patients.
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Objective To study the effect of sub-clinical dosage of EPO on early renal lesions of diabetic rats. Methods The rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic group (DM), diabetic rats treated with A-dosage EPO (DMTA), and diabetic rats treated with B-dosage EPO (DMTB). Diabetic rats induced by STZ were given EPO intraperitoneally for 10 weeks; then blood glucose, blood pressure, renal function indexes, renal morphological parameter, the expression of cell apoptosis associated protein Bcl-2/Bax and VEGF were measured. Results After treatment of EPO, renal functional and morphological indexes were improved significantly and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and VEGF increased, both in a dose-dependent manner. Blood sugar, blood pressure and hemoglobin concentration had no significant differences. Conclusion Sub-clinical dosage of EPO could play an advantageous role in diabetic nephropathy. Inhibition of cell apoptosis by upregulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression rate may be responsible for renal protective effects despite the upregulation of VEGF.
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Objective To investigate the changes of first-phase insulin secretion and its components in the first-degree relatives of Chinese type 2 diabetics with normal glucose tolerance and their correlation with type 2 diabetes. Methods The first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes (Group B, n=35), newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (Group C, n=35) and health subjects (Group A, n=21) were recruited. Immune reactive insulin (IRI), proinsulin (PI), and true insulin (TI) were determined during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in each subjects. IRI was determined with radioimmunoassay kit, while PI and TI with ELISA kits. Results (1) For the fasting sera, the levels of IRI and PI showed significant differences (both P
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application of TPO-Ab by comparing the relationship between TPO-Ab and TMAb in ATD. MethodsIn this study with the method of RIA, we measured the serum level of TPO-Ab and TMAb in 200 ATD patients, 50 patients with non-ATD and 30 normal controls, and analyzed the relationship of TPO-Ab and TMAb, compared the differ ence between TPO-Ab and TMAb for diagnosis ATD. ResultsTPO-Ab titer increased in ATD es pecially in Hashimoto's thyroiditis(P＜0.01), at the same time it could influence the state of the throid function. A significant positive correlation was found between TPO-Ab and TMAb(γ= 0.83,P＜0.01 ), but TPO-Ab appeared to be more sensitive and specific for diagnosising Hashimoto's thy roiditis than TMAb. ConclusionTPO-Ab is a sensitive and specific stantard for diagnosising ATD.
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The patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) had higher plasma level of soluble E-selectin than those without DR, and the level of soluble E-selectin showed a positive relationship with the extent of DR, suggesting that E-selectin might play a role in the development of DR.
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Forty-one type 2 diabetic patients with fasting plasma glucose≥15 mmol/L and postprandial plasma glucose≥16.8 mmol/L underwent short-term intensive insulin treatment (IIT). Glucose load tests were performed before and after treatment in these patients and proinsulin and C peptide were assayed by RIA. The results showed that IIT decreased the levels of fasting and postprandial proinsulin and improved the ? cell function.
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Serum selenium level was determined in 72 patients with Graves′ disease (GD) and 58 patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT). Their thyroid function, goiter, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and course of disease were observed. The serum levels of selenium in GD and HT patients were significantly lower than that in control group (both P
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Two unusual cases of coexistence of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis and subacute thyroiditis were reported. The diagnosis was based on the comprehensive analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory data and histological findings. If patients with confirmed evidence of subacute thyroiditis were accompanied with markedly and persistently elevated titers of thyroid autoantibodies, coexistence of both diseases should be suspected.
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Objective To clone CTLA-4 and TCRV?8 gene from T lymphocyte of thyroid of Graves' disease (GD) patients,recombine to form CTLA-4-TCRV?8 fusion gene and express the fusion protein.Methods CTLA-4 and TCRV?8 gene was cloned from T lymphocyte of thyroid of GD patients by RT-PCR.Then it was recombined with expression plasmid in order.The correct plasmids were obtained after the restriction analysis and DNA sequencing.Prokaryotic expression of the fusion protein in E.coli,SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting were used to verify the fusion protein.Results Restriction analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the correct sequence and insertion site of the recombinant plasmid.The recombinant fusion protein was successfully expressed in E.coli,which was consistent with the predicted putative calculating molecular weight.Conclusion CTLA-4-TCRV?8 gene was constructed and expressed successfully,providing gene product and application theory for immune tolerance therapy of GD.
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Objective To investigate polymorphism of CD40 gene and its relation with autoimmune thyroid disorders(AITD) in China's Northwest region.Methods The study recruited 372 subjects: 165 Graves' disease(GD) and 113 Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) and 93 healthy subjects as controls.① Using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) to analyze the C/T polymorphism in the 5′UTR and the-58038T point mutation in exon3.② Using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR(ARMS-PCR) to analyze the C64610G point mutation in exon9.Results ① There were significant differences in allele frequencies of C and genotype CC between GD group and control group in 5′UTR C(-1)T(P
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Treating autoimmune diseases(AID) is a challenge for physicians.Traditionally,we use cortisone or other immune inhibitors to treat AID although we know that these kinds of drugs can cause some severe toxic action on patients if used longer.For over ten years,the biological therapy for AID,which specially targets to the pathogenesis of AID,has long been engaged in the study.These new drugs can protect the normal immune system while stopping undesirable immune reaction to the target organ.
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Objective To understand causes of death of diabetic inpatients and provide evidence for diabetic prevention and control. Methods Analysis of the death causes was carried out in the dead cases of diabetic inpatients in the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Xi'an Jiaotong University from 1991 to 2003.Results Numbers of dead diabetic inpatients of the two hospitals were 254,which accounted for 3.2% of the total dead inpatients;the main death causes of diabetic inpatients were diabetic chronic complications,taking up to 42.5% of all the causes(28.3% of cerebro-cardiovascular and 14.2% of diabetic renalfailure),tumor((20.1%)),infection(11.4%),acute complications(6.7%) amd hepaticcirrhosis(6.3%);in vascular complications,72 cases with hypertension(66.7%).Conclusion The chronic complications have been the main death cause of diabetes,and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases are most important death cause;Hypertension is the main risk factor which increases the mortality of diabetic vascular diseases.Therefore,strict control of both blood sugar and blood pressure is very important in decreasing the mortality of diabetic cerebro-cardiovascular diseases.
