Un patrón de consumo alimentario saludable se asoció inversamente con sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de cintura en escolares del Noroeste de México / A healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated with overweight, obesity and waist circumference among schoolchildren from Northwest of Mexico

Fundamentos: Los cambios en los patrones dietéticos de los últimos años han incrementado la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población escolar. El objetivo fue identificar la asociación entre patrones de consumo alimentario con el sobrepeso/obesidad y circunferencia de cintura en escolares del Noroeste de México. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 110 escolares de primer grado, a quienes se les midió el peso, la talla y la circunferencia de cintura, y se les realizaron 2 recordatorios de 24h no consecutivos. Se utilizó un análisis factorial para derivar patrones dietéticos y la regresión logística múltiple para evaluar la asociación de estos patrones con el sobrepeso/obesidad y la circunferencia de cintura, en modelos separados. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso/obesidad de 35,5 % y 16,9 % de circunferencia de cintura elevada. Se identificaron 6 patrones de consumo alimentario: de aceites, grasas y verduras; saludable; de alimentos procesados; occidental; diverso y de bebidas. El sobrepeso/obesidad y la circunferencia de cintura elevada se asociaron de forma inversa con valores mayores del patrón saludable (RM = 0,478 y p = 0,007; y RM = 0,329 y p = 0,016, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Un mayor consumo de un patrón saludable se asocia con un menor riesgo de sobrepeso/obesidad y circunferencia de cintura elevada en escolares de primer grado (AU)

Background: In recent years, changes in dietary patterns have contributed to the increment of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren. The aim was to identify the association among dietary patterns and overweight/obesity and waist circumference of students from Northwest, Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 children in first grade; weight, height and waist circumference were measured and two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls were applied. Factor analysis was used to obtained dietary patterns and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship among dietary patterns and overweight/obesity and waist circumference, in separate models. Results: We found a combined prevalence of overweight/obesity of 35.5 % and 16.9 % of waist circumference greater than recommended for their age. Six food consumption patterns were obtained: oils, fats and vegetables; healthy; processed food; western; diverse and beverages. Overweight/obesity and increased waist circumference was inversely associated with the healthy pattern (OR = 0.478 and p = 0.007, OR = 0.329 and p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: Consumption of healthy patterns is associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity and increased waist circumference in first graders (AU)

[INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS, BREASTFEEDING AND OBESITY ON THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER IN MEXICAN WOMEN]. / INFLUENCIA DE LOS FACTORES REPRODUCTIVOS, LA LACTANCIA MATERNA Y LA OBESIDAD SOBRE EL RIESGO DE CÁNCER DE MAMA EN MUJERES MEXICANAS.

Breast cancer (BC) is considered a global public health problem, and is the most frequently type diagnosed in Mexican women. Therefore, it is important to study the risk factors associated to this neoplasia in order to establish prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone therapy (HT) use and period of use, breastfeeding practice, abdominal obesity and weight gain in adulthood, on the risk of BC in adult women from Northwest Mexico. This was a case-control study that included 162 women (81 cases and 81 controls). A sociodemographic and health questionnaire, and a survey history of body weight were applied to participants. Measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference were performed. To assess the association between BC risk and exposing factors, a multivariate logistic regression model was used. Average age of cases and controls were 51.8 ± 11.7 and 51.4 ± 11.3 years, respectively. No significant association was found between the use and period of use of hormonal contraceptives and HT with the risk of BC. The practice of breastfeeding (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.12- 0.92) and the time of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97; crude) were protective against the risk of BC. Abdominal obesity (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.90-0.97) and weight gain in early adulthood (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95) were inversely associated to the risk of BC. In conclusion, the practice of breastfeeding may help prevent BC in Mexican women.

El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es considerado un problema de salud pública mundial, ocupando en México el primer lugar de incidencia en la mujer, por lo que es importante estudiar los factores de riesgo asociados para contribuir al establecimiento de estrategias de prevención. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del uso y el tiempo de utilización de anticonceptivos hormonales y terapia hormonal (TH), práctica de lactancia materna (LM), obesidad abdominal y el incremento de peso en la edad adulta sobre el riesgo de CaMa en mujeres adultas del noroeste de México. Fue un estudio de casos y controles que incluyó a 162 mujeres (81 casos y 81 controles). Las participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud, una encuesta de historial de peso corporal y se realizaron mediciones de peso corporal, estatura y circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizó regresión logística multivariada para evaluar la asociación entre los factores de exposición y la neoplasia. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 51,8 ± 11,7 años y la de los controles de 51,4 ± 11,3 años. No se encontró asociación significativa del uso y tiempo de uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y de TH con la neoplasia. La práctica de LM (RM = 0,34, IC 95%: 0,12 - 0,92) y el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) (RM = 0,64, IC 95%: 0,42 - 0,97; cruda) resultaron factores protectores contra el CaMa. La obesidad abdominal (RM = 0,93, IC 95%: 0,90 - 0,97) y el incremento de peso (RM = 0,90, IC 95%: 0,85 - 0,95) tuvieron una asociación inversa con el riesgo de CaMa. Se concluye que la práctica de LM pudiera ayudar a la prevención del CaMa en mujeres mexicanas.

Influencia de los factores reproductivos, la lactancia materna y la obesidad sobre el riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas / Influence of reproductive factors, breastfeeding and obesity on the risk of breast cancer in mexican women

El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es considerado un problema de salud pública mundial, ocupando en México el primer lugar de incidencia en la mujer, por lo que es importante estudiar los factores de riesgo asociados para contribuir al establecimiento de estrategias de prevención. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del uso y el tiempo de utilización de anticonceptivos hormonales y terapia hormonal (TH), práctica de lactancia materna (LM), obesidad abdominal y el incremento de peso en la edad adulta sobre el riesgo de CaMa en mujeres adultas del noroeste de México. Fue un estudio de casos y controles que incluyó a 162 mujeres (81 casos y 81 controles). Las participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud, una encuesta de historial de peso corporal y se realizaron mediciones de peso corporal, estatura y circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizó regresión logística multivariada para evaluar la asociación entre los factores de exposición y la neoplasia. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 51,8±11,7 años y la de los controles de 51,4±11,3 años. No se encontró asociación significativa del uso y tiempo de uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y de TH con la neoplasia. La práctica de LM (RM=0,34, IC 95%: 0,12 - 0,92) y el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) (RM=0,64, IC 95%: 0,42- 0,97; cruda) resultaron factores protectores contra el CaMa. La obesidad abdominal (RM=0,93, IC 95%: 0,90 - 0,97) y el incremento de peso (RM=0,90, IC 95%: 0,85 - 0,95) tuvieron una asociación inversa con el riesgo de CaMa. Se concluye que la práctica de LM pudiera ayudar a la prevención del CaMa en mujeres mexicanas (AU)

Breast cancer (BC) is considered a global public health problem, and is the most frequently type diagnosed in Mexican women. Therefore, it is important to study the risk factors associated to this neoplasia in order to establish prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone therapy (HT) use and period of use, breastfeeding practice, abdominal obesity and weight gain in adulthood, on the risk of BC in adult women from Northwest Mexico. This was a case-control study that included 162 women (81 cases and 81 controls). A sociodemographic and health questionnaire, and a survey history of body weight were applied to participants. Measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference were performed. To assess the association between BC risk and exposing factors, a multivariate logistic regression model was used. Average age of cases and controls were 51.8 ± 11.7 and 51.4 ± 11.3 years, respectively. No significant association was found between the use and period of use of hormonal contraceptives and HT with the risk of BC. The practice of breastfeeding (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.12- 0.92) and the time of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97; crude) were protective against the risk of BC. Abdominal obesity (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.90-0.97) and weight gain in early adulthood (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95) were inversely associated to the risk of BC. In conclusion, the practice of breastfeeding may help prevent BC in Mexican women (AU)

No changes in weight and body fat in lactating adolescent and adult women from Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in weight and body fat of Mexican adolescent compared to those of adult lactating women from the Northwest (NM) and Central (CM) regions of Mexico in the first trimester postpartum. METHODS: A prospective design was used to evaluate 41 exclusively breastfeeding women (21 adolescents and 20 adults) recruited 1-2 days after delivering a healthy singleton at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (Northwest Mexico) and Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in Mexico City. Socioeconomic status, height, body weight and composition, dietary intake, physical activity, and milk volume (quantified by deuterium dilution method) were measured at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum. RESULTS: Women did not lose weight throughout the first trimester postpartum. Mean postpartum weight retention at the end of the study was 3.8 kg. No differences in weight and body mass index (BMI) were found between adolescent and adult women in both periods. Energy and macronutrient intakes, physical activity and milk volume were similar between the two groups of women. In both periods, adolescents from the CM region had lower weight, BMI, and body fat than adolescents from the NM region (P<0.05). At the 3rd month, pregestational weight (P < 0.0001) was a predictor of BMI, and region (P < 0.05) and milk volume (P < 0.01) were associated with percentage of body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusively breastfeeding for 3 months did not reduce weight or body fat in the Mexican population of this study. Efforts to avoid weight retention in the lactation period may contribute to prevent overweight and obesity in women.