Zoonotic Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in northern sloth from Brazilian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: The parasite Giardia duodenalis infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H). Zoonotic assemblages A and B have already been identified in humans and wild and domestic animals (non-human primates and cats) from Brazilian Amazon and in the world. Due to its zoonotic/zooanthroponotic nature, surveillance initiatives and the definition of Giardia assemblages are important in order to characterise the epidemiological scenario and to implement further control measures. OBJECTIVES: Determine assemblages of G. duodenalis in sloths from the Brazilian Amazon Region. METHODS: Faecal parasitological examination of sloths from Amazonas State. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the beta giardin (BG), and genes from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. FINDINGS: Here, we identified, by microscopy, Giardia in two northern sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). These two samples were submitted to molecular assays and it was revealed that both were infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to assemblage A within sequences from humans and wild and domestic animals. CONCLUSION: Therefore, besides showing, by the first time, the current presence of this parasite in sloths, our findings reveals that this wild animal species would be part of the zoonotic/zooanthroponotic scenario of this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon.

Circulation of Giardia duodenalis in domestic and wild animals from Amazon region: A systematic review.

Giardia is an ubiquitous protozoa that infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common parasite in humans and mammals worldwide. Human giardiasis is highly prevalent in the countries that make up from Amazon. The identification of genotypes in humans and animals improves the understanding of transmission routes and the control strategies. Thus, we carried out a systematic review on Giardia in animals from Amazon region/South American, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies up to September, 2022 were searched for in public database. A total of seven out of 432 articles were selected: four, two and one from Brazil, Colombia and Peru, respectively. Based on these articles it is seen that the G. duodenalis cosmopolitan assemblages A and B prevail within domestic and wild animals in the Amazon. Moreover, a Giardia microscopic screening in aquatic animals from this biome showed its prevalence among aquatic mammals including the endangered species Trichechus inunguis (manatee). Therefore, a yet not accessed number of susceptible hosts, new G. duodenalis assemblages and species can be occurring in this huge hotspot of biodiversity that is Amazon region.

Zoonotic Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in northern sloth from Brazilian Amazon

BACKGROUND The parasite Giardia duodenalis infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H). Zoonotic assemblages A and B have already been identified in humans and wild and domestic animals (non-human primates and cats) from Brazilian Amazon and in the world. Due to its zoonotic/zooanthroponotic nature, surveillance initiatives and the definition of Giardia assemblages are important in order to characterise the epidemiological scenario and to implement further control measures. OBJECTIVES Determine assemblages of G. duodenalis in sloths from the Brazilian Amazon Region. METHODS Faecal parasitological examination of sloths from Amazonas State. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the beta giardin (BG), and genes from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. FINDINGS Here, we identified, by microscopy, Giardia in two northern sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). These two samples were submitted to molecular assays and it was revealed that both were infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to assemblage A within sequences from humans and wild and domestic animals. CONCLUSION Therefore, besides showing, by the first time, the current presence of this parasite in sloths, our findings reveals that this wild animal species would be part of the zoonotic/zooanthroponotic scenario of this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon.

Tecnologias educativas para adesão no tratamento de hipertensão: revisão integrativa / Educational technologies for adherence in the treatment of hypertension: integrative review / Tecnologías educativas para la adherencia al tratamiento de la hipertensión: revisión integrador

Objetivo: Identificar as principais tecnologias utilizadas para adesão no tratamento de hipertensão descritas na literatura. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa realizada em 2022, com a finalidade de reunir e sintetizar resultados de pesquisas já publicados. Desenvolvido a partir das seguintes etapas: Formulação da questão de pesquisa; Busca na literatura; Estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão e exclusão; Avaliação dos dados; Análise dos dados e Apresentação dos dados. Resultados: Foram selecionados 09 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão desta revisão, analisando as tecnologias educativas em saúde apresentadas pelos estudos. Evidenciou-se a criação de um vínculo efetivo entre os profissionais e usuários do serviço de saúde, com o estabelecimento da relação de troca e confiança, partindo de uma escuta sensível aliada ao acolhimento. Conclusão: Os estudos evidenciaram que as tecnologias educacionais em saúde são ferramentas importantes para a adesão no tratamento da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Dessa forma, estas corroboram no incentivo da mudança no estilo de vida do indivíduo incorporando hábitos saudáveis promovendo a prevenção de agravos, além de contribuir para qualidade de vida.

Objective: To identify the main technologies used for adherence in the treatment of hypertension described in the literature. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa realizada em 2022, com a finalidade de reunir e sintetizar resultados de pesquisas já publicados. It was developed from the following steps: formulation of the research question; literature search; establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria; data evaluation; data analysis and data presentation. Results: Nine articles that met the inclusion criteria of this review were selected, analyzing the health educational technologies presented by the studies. It was evidenced the creation of an effective bond between professionals and users of the health service, with the establishment of a relationship of exchange and trust, based on a sensitive listening allied to the reception. Conclusion: The studies showed that health educational technologies are important tools for adherence in the treatment of Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Thus, they corroborate the incentive to change the individual's lifestyle by incorporating healthy habits, promoting the prevention of diseases and contributing to quality of life.

Objetivo: Identificar las principales tecnologíasutilizadas para el tratamiento de la hipertensión descritas en la literatura. Metodología: Revisión integradora realizada en 2022, con el objetivo de reunir y sintetizar los resultados de las investigaciones ya publicadas. Desarrollado a partir de los siguientes pasos: Formulación de la pregunta de investigación; Búsqueda bibliográfica; Establecimiento de criterios de inclusión y exclusión; Evaluación de datos; Análisis de datos y Presentación de datos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 09 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión de esta revisión, analizando las tecnologías educativas sanitarias presentadas por los estudios. Se evidenció la creación de un vínculo efectivo entre los profesionales y los usuarios del servicio de salud, con el establecimiento de la relación de confianza, partiendo de una escuta sensitiva aliada al acolhimento. Conclusión: Los estudios evidencian que las tecnologías educativas en salud son importantes herramientas para el avance en el tratamiento de la Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica. De este modo, estas medidas corroboran el incentivo del cambio en el estilo de vida del individuo, incorporando hábitos saludables que promueven la prevención de los daños, además de contribuir a la calidad de vida.

Atribuições do enfermeiro na atenção primaria acerca do câncer de colo de útero e mama / Nurses 'attributions in primary care about cervix and breast cancer / Atribuciones de las enfermeras en la atención primaria sobre el cuello uterino y el cáncer de mama

Objetivo: Refletir à atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e mama na atenção primária. Método: Estudo reflexivo, realizado a partir de revisão narrativa da literatura nas Bases de dados nacionais e internacionais que incluiu artigos, legislações e manuais do Ministério. Após a leitura e fichamento, procedeu-se à análise descritiva. Resultados: A reflexão foi construída pelos marcos teóricos: A atuação do enfermeiro frete ao câncer na detecção precoce, dificuldades enfrentadas no monitoramento, e pelos processos educacionais preventivos. Considerações finais: Destacou-se a importância do enfermeiro no rastreio do câncer de colo de útero e mama, bem como as subnotificações, descoberta tardia, inaptidão e a necessidade de estratégias educacionais.

Objective:to reflect on the role of nurses in the prevention of cervical and breast cancer in primary health care. Method:reflective study, carried out from a narrative review of the literature that included articles, legislation, Ministry manuals, based on national and international databases. After reading and writing the materials, a descriptive analysis was carried out. Results:the present reflection was built on the following theoretical frameworks: the importance of the nurse's role in the early detection of cancer and the difficulties faced by nurses in monitoring cervical and breast cancer, and by the educational processes associated with the preventive effects. Final considerations:the importance of recognizing the role of nurses in screening for cervical and breast cancer was highlighted, as well as underreporting and late detection, lack of knowledge and the need for educational strategies to reflect more the theme.

Objetivo:reflexionar sobre el rol del enfermero en la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino y de mama en la atención primaria de salud. Método:estudio reflexivo, realizado a partir de una revisión narrativa de la literatura que incluyó artículos, legislación, manuales del Ministerio, con base en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Luego de leer y escribir los materiales, se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados:la presente reflexión se construyó sobre los siguientes marcos teóricos: la importancia del rol de la enfermera en la detección temprana del cáncer y las dificultades que enfrentan las enfermeras en el seguimiento del cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama, y por los procesos educativos asociados a los efectos preventivos. Consideraciones finales:se destacó la importancia de reconocer el papel de las enfermeras en el cribado de cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama, así como el subregistro y la detección tardía, el desconocimiento y la necesidad de estrategias educativas que reflejen más el tema.

Composing Music Inspired by Sculpture: A Cross-Domain Mapping and Genetic Algorithm Approach.

In this article, a system that takes a 3D model of a sculpture as starting point to compose music is presented. We raised the hypothesis that cross-domain mapping can be an approach to model inspiration. The semantic meaning of the sculpture is not used directly but rather a more abstract approach was used. A Genetic Algorithm was used to obtain results with more musical interest. The results were promising: the majority of the participants gave a classification of 4 out of 5 to the preferred interpretations of the compositions and related them to the respective sculpture. This is a step toward a possible model for inspiration.

Giardiasis in urban and rural Amazonas, Brazil is driven by zoonotic and cosmopolitan A and B assemblages.

BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other mammals and causes giardiasis worldwide. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H), with assemblages A and B considered zoonotic. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis from individuals living in rural and urban areas of the Amazonas State. METHODS: 103 human faecal specimens microscopically positive for the presence of Giardia obtained from four municipalities in Amazonas and four animal faecal specimens were genotyped based on the sequences of two genes, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and ß-giardin (BG). FINDINGS: In humans, assemblage A was the most represented with the identification of sub-assemblages AI, AII and AIII based on BG and sub-assemblages AI and AII based on TPI. Similarly, there is a diversity of sub-assemblage B considering BG (B and BIII) and TPI (B, BIII and BIV). In addition, we characterised homogeneous and heterogeneous genotypes comprising assemblages/sub-assemblages A and B in individuals from urban and rural areas. Here, for the first time, it was genotyped Giardia that infects animals from the Brazilian Amazon region. We identified sub-assemblage AI in one Ateles paniscus and two Felis catus and sub-assemblage BIV in one Lagothrix cana. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, humans and animals from the urban and rural Amazon share Giardia genotypes belonging to assemblages A and B, which are found in cosmopolitan regions around the world.

Neurosurgical Management of Skull Base Epidermoid Tumors in Children.

Epidermoid tumors (ET) are congenital and benign tumors that develop from de ectoderm during neurogenesis. In the skull base, these lesions can insinuate themselves into several intracranial compartments by filling the subarachnoid space, and possibly affecting some important structures, like the brainstem, cerebellopontine angle, the pituitary in the middle fossa, and others. In the pediatrics skull base tumors, the ET represents 7-9%, being very rare. The surgical perspective of these cases is dependent on the extension of the resection. We presented two cases of total and near-total resection of ETs in the pediatric skull base, with successful outcomes.

Giardiasis in urban and rural Amazonas, Brazil is driven by zoonotic and cosmopolitan A and B assemblages

BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other mammals and causes giardiasis worldwide. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H), with assemblages A and B considered zoonotic. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis from individuals living in rural and urban areas of the Amazonas State. METHODS 103 human faecal specimens microscopically positive for the presence of Giardia obtained from four municipalities in Amazonas and four animal faecal specimens were genotyped based on the sequences of two genes, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and β-giardin (BG). FINDINGS In humans, assemblage A was the most represented with the identification of sub-assemblages AI, AII and AIII based on BG and sub-assemblages AI and AII based on TPI. Similarly, there is a diversity of sub-assemblage B considering BG (B and BIII) and TPI (B, BIII and BIV). In addition, we characterised homogeneous and heterogeneous genotypes comprising assemblages/sub-assemblages A and B in individuals from urban and rural areas. Here, for the first time, it was genotyped Giardia that infects animals from the Brazilian Amazon region. We identified sub-assemblage AI in one Ateles paniscus and two Felis catus and sub-assemblage BIV in one Lagothrix cana. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Therefore, humans and animals from the urban and rural Amazon share Giardia genotypes belonging to assemblages A and B, which are found in cosmopolitan regions around the world.

Ensino digital em enfermagem: reflexão teórica à luz de Pierre Levy / Digital teaching in nursing: theoretical reflection in light of Pierre Levy / La enseñanza digital en la enfermería: reflexión teórica a la luz de Pierre Levy

Objetivo: tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a utilização de múltiplas mídias e a cibercultura na formação da inteligência coletiva com proposição conceitual fundamentada no pensamento de PierreLévy. Método:estudo reflexivo, realizado a partir de revisão narrativa da literatura que incluiu artigos, legislações, manuais do Ministério, a partir das Bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Após a leitura e fichamento dos materiais, procedeu-se à análise descritiva. Resultados A tecnologia e a translação de conhecimento representam um importante determinante no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Baseado no pressuposto filosófico sobre o impacto da cibercultura na sociedade contemporânea, ressalta-se a importância no desenvolvimento de diversas mídias que auxiliem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na graduação em Enfermagem. Considerações Finais: Ressalta-se a importância das tecnologias educativasno processo de ensino e aprendizagem em enfermagem, além da necessidade de estratégias educacionais que apresentem uma reflexão mais profunda da temática.

Objective: to reflect on the use of multiple media and cyberculture in the formation of collective intelligence with conceptual proposition based on the thought of PierreLévy. Method:a reflective study, carried out from a narrative review of literature that included articles, legislations, and Ministry manuals, from national and international databases. After reading and summarizing the materials, a descriptive analysis was carried out. Results:Technology and knowledge transfer represent an important determinant in the teaching and learning process. Based on the philosophical assumption about the impact of cyberculture on contemporary society, we emphasize the importance of developing diverse media that help in the process of teaching and learning in undergraduate nursing. Final Considerations:The importance of educational technologies in the process of teaching and learning in nursing is emphasized, as well as the need for educational strategies that present a deeper reflection of the theme.

Objetivo: tiene como objetivo reflejar la utilización de múltiples medios y la cibercultura en la formación de la inteligencia colectiva con una propuesta conceptual basada en el pensamiento de PierreLévy. Método:estudio reflexivo, realizado a partir de una revisión narrativa de la literatura que incluye artículos, legislación, manuales del Ministerio, de bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Tras la lectura y el fichaje de los materiales, se procedió al análisis descriptivo. Resultados:La tecnología y la transmisión de conocimientos son un factor determinante en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Partiendo de la premisa filosófica sobre el impacto de la cibercultura en la sociedad contemporánea, se destacá-la la importancia del desarrollo de diversos medios de comunicación que ayuden en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la enfermería de pregrado. Consideraciones Finas:Se destaca la importancia de las tecnologías educativas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la enfermería, así como la necesidad de estrategias educativas que presenten una reflexión más profunda del tema.

Microsurgical and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus

Objective To describe the endoscopic and microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus (CS) with focus on the surgical landmarks in microsurgical anatomy. Materials and methods Ten formalin-fixed central skull base specimens (20 CSs) with silicone-injected carotid arteries were examined through an extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Fifteen formalin-fixed heads were dissected to simulate the surgical position in CS approaches. Results Endoscopic access enables identification of the anterior and posterior surgical corridors. Structures within the CS and on its lateral wall could be visualized and studied, but none of the triangular areas relevant to the transcranial microsurgical anatomy were fully visible through the endoscopic approach. Conclusion The endoscopic approach to the CS is an important surgical technique for the treatment of pathological conditions that affect this region. Correlating endoscopic findings with the conventional (transcranial)microsurgical anatomy is a useful way of applying the established knowledge into a more recent operative technique. Endoscope can provide access to the CS and to the structures it harbors.

Ontogeny of the digestive tract of Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei, Bryconidae) under culture conditions: from hatching to juvenile stage.

In the present study, the morphological development of the Brycon amazonicus digestive tract is described to provide basic knowledge for nutritional studies and, therefore, increase the survival of this species during larviculture. Samples were collected from hatching up to 25 days of age, measured, processed and observed under a stereomicroscope and light microscopy. Newly hatched larvae presented their digestive tract as a straight tube, dorsal to the yolk sac, lined with a single layer of undifferentiated cells. At 24 h post-hatching (hPH), the buccopharyngeal cavity was open, but the posterior region of the digestive tube remained closed. At 25 hPH, the digestive tube was completely open and could be divided into buccopharyngeal cavity, oesophagus and intestine. At 35 hPH, the intestine presented a dilatation in the proximal region, which had the function of storing food. Differentiation of the stomach started at 83 hPH, and mucous cells were observed in the epithelium. These cells are important in the production of mucus, whose function is to protect the organ against acidity, although the gastric glands began developing only from 171 hPH, when three stomach regions were observed: cardiac, fundic and pyloric. The gastric glands were observed in the cardiac region, indicating that this organ already had digestive functionality. From 243 hPH, the absorption and assimilation of nutrients were already possible but, only from 412 hPH, the digestive tract was completely developed and functional.

New metallophamaceutic reduced renal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor, able to modulate the histological changes caused by the NASID (meloxicam). METHODS: Wistar rats were assigned into three groups (n=6 rats/group): Sham group (saline solution), NSAID group (meloxicam - 15 mg/kg) and Rut-bpy group (100 mg/kg of Rut-bpy associated with 15mg/kg of meloxicam). At the end of experiments, kidneys were removed for histological study, fractal dimension and lacunarity in all animals. RESULTS: At the histological examination, all animals (six animals - 100 %) in the NSAID group had membrane thickening and other changes (necrosis, acute tubular congestion and vascular congestion); on the other hand, only one animal (16.6 %) of the Rut-bpy group had congestion. The fractal dimension and lacunarity were greater in the control and Rut-bpy group than in NSAIDs group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rut-bpy may prevent renal histological changes in rats caused by meloxicam.

Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common condition with current treatments being only moderately effective. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques might provide a novel approach for treating GAD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promising efficacy and tolerability for major depression but has not been investigated for GAD yet. Thus, we investigated the effects of tDCS on patients with GAD. METHODS: We conducted a pilot, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial on 30 GAD patients. Five sessions of tDCS (2 mA, 20 min, anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cathode over the right supraorbital cortex) were performed. Anxiety was the primary outcome and it was measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Secondary outcomes were accessed by the Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were examined at baseline, after the 5th day of intervention, and at 1-week follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty patients finished the study. There were no significant improvements in anxiety, mood symptoms of stress, affectivity or depression. Anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC showed significant improvements in physical symptoms of stress in GAD patients. LIMITATIONS: Additional tDCS sessions could have resulted in larger tDCS effects. CONCLUSION: Five sessions of anodal tDCS over the DLPFC did not improve the main outcomes for GAD patients, although physical symptoms of stress were improved. The role of tDCS in GAD should be explored in larger patient samples using different parameters.

Incorporation of collagen and PLGA in bioactive glass: in vivo biological evaluation.

Bioactive glasses (BG) are known for their unique ability to bond to bone tissue. However, in critical situations, even the osteogenic properties of BG may be not sufficient to produce bone consolidation. The use of composite materials may constitute an optimized therapeutical intervention for bone stimulation. The aim of this study was to characterize BG/collagen/poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (BG/COL/PLGA) composites, in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo biological properties. MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated by cell proliferation, ALP activity, cell adhesion and morphology. Qualitative histology and immunohistochemistry were performed in a calvarial bone defect model in rats. The in vitro study demonstrated, after 3 and 6 days of culture, a significant increase of proliferation was observed for BG/PLGA compared to BG/COL and BG/COL/PLGA. BG/COL/PLGA presented a higher value for ALP activity after 3 days of culture compared to BG/PLGA. For in vivo analysis, 6 weeks post-surgery, BG/PLGA showed a more mature neoformed bone tissue. As a conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo studies pointed out that BG/PLGA samples improved biological properties in calvarial bone defects, highlighting the potential of BG/PLGA composites to be used as a bone graft for bone regeneration applications.

New metallophamaceutic reduced renal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of Rut-bpy (Cis-[Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]PF 6), a novel nitric oxide donor, able to modulate the histological changes caused by the NASID (meloxicam). Methods Wistar rats were assigned into three groups (n=6 rats/group): Sham group (saline solution), NSAID group (meloxicam - 15 mg/kg) and Rut-bpy group (100 mg/kg of Rut-bpy associated with 15mg/kg of meloxicam). At the end of experiments, kidneys were removed for histological study, fractal dimension and lacunarity in all animals. Results At the histological examination, all animals (six animals - 100 %) in the NSAID group had membrane thickening and other changes (necrosis, acute tubular congestion and vascular congestion); on the other hand, only one animal (16.6 %) of the Rut-bpy group had congestion. The fractal dimension and lacunarity were greater in the control and Rut-bpy group than in NSAIDs group (p<0.05). Conclusion Rut-bpy may prevent renal histological changes in rats caused by meloxicam.

Larval development of Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei, Bryconidae) with a focus on locomotory, respiratory and feeding structures.

In the present work we describe the larval development of Brycon amazonicus, with emphasis on structures linked to swimming, respiration and feeding. We monitored from larval hatching (13 h post-fertilization) to juvenile stage. Formation of the oral cavity and differentiation of gill arches began within 4 h post-hatching (hph) and within 11 hph the primordium of the pectoral fin appeared. At 25 hph, the head was in a rectilinear position with a terminal mouth, when the onset of tooth formation appeared. At 35 hph, gill arches were covered by the operculum and branchiostegal membrane and cusps of teeth pierced the epithelium of the premaxilla and anterior dentary region. Sharp teeth were observed in the maxilla at 171 hph and the pelvic fin primordium appeared at 243 hph, with taste buds on the tongue and the roof of the buccopharyngeal cavity. At 579 hph, all structures related to swimming and food capture were formed. Exogenous feeding of the larvae started at 29 hph, before the endogenous reserves were used up and the development of efficient swimming ability, reflecting the species' need to increasingly specialize on prey capture.

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in tissue repair process.

Synthetic biomaterials submitted to new structural technologies have become ideal for the recovery of traumatized bone tissues and some bone substitutes such as bioactive glass, ß-Tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are being used in areas of tissue defects. For this study, ACP was produced in the form of fibers and then submitted to cytotoxicity testing. A sample of ACP was inserted into the mandibular region of a patient with a lost implant so after removal and curettage, the remaining bone site was filled with the ACP biomaterial. Preliminary cytotoxicity test was negative. After 15 weeks of healing, a titanium implant was inserted at the site. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was conducted for 12 months and sequential radiographic analyses revealed tissue formation resembling spongy bone. Images under immunohistochemistry demonstrated efficient deposition and osteoconduction of the newly deposited tissue. Residual portion of the CaO:P2 O5 outer layers served as a substrate for osteoid matrix deposition, aiding growth, and the results of fiber absorption favored maturation of the new bone tissue.

Palatal perforation and chemical ulcers of the tongue in a blind patient.

We report a unique case of a potassium aluminum sulfate oral dissolution leading to palatal chemical necrosis and extensive chemical ulcers on the tongue. The patient, a 47-year-old white, blind male, denied using cocaine or other illegal drugs that could cause such lesions. His self-medication started as a treatment for a traumatic ulcerative lesion on the hard palate. After palatal perforation, he started another self-medication routine, mixing corticoid cream and tandrilax tablets with a gauze obturator. Our treatment comprised the removal of all chemical factors, a surgical debridement, and a prosthetic obturator to resolve the communication. The 1-year follow-up showed no complications.