Shared Decision-making in Breast Cancer Reconstructive Surgery: Experience in a Leading Hospital.

Background: The paradigm of healthcare has evolved toward patient-centered approaches, where shared decision-making (SDM) plays a pivotal role. This study aimed to explore the implementation of SDM during breast cancer reconstruction consultations and assess its impact on patient satisfaction and the decision-making process as a whole. Methods: A total of 102 female patients undergoing breast reconstruction were included in a multidisciplinary breast pathology unit. A streamlined SDM model involving choice introduction, option description, and preference exploration was implemented. A validated Spanish version of the nine-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire was used alongside a complementary questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using electronic data capture software. Results: The nine-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire results indicate strong agreement in presenting various options and explaining their advantages and disadvantages. Patients were less confident about their participation in decision-making. The Complementary Shared Decision Making Questionnaire highlighted high satisfaction with interview times and language clarity but areas for improvement in consultation space and therapeutic choice participation. Conclusions: Integrating SDM into breast reconstruction consultations empowers patients in the decision-making process and enhances satisfaction. Decision aids prove effective in this context, facilitating patients' comprehension and reducing decisional conflict. There are areas for improvement within the SDM strategy, and they are detectable through scales. Although challenges in information transmission and patient involvement persist, adopting an SDM model has potential benefits that warrant further investigation.

Perfil psicológico prequirúrgico de las mujeres con riesgo aumentado de cáncer de mama / Preoperative psychological profile of women with increased risk of breast cancer

Objetivo: analizar los niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, imagen corporal y calidad de vida en un grupo de mujeres con vulnerabilidad genética de cáncer de mama que se iban a someter a una mastectomía reductora de riesgo. Método: 184 mujeres participaron en este estudio, todas ellas tenían riesgo aumentado de cáncer de mama, bien por ser portadoras de una mutación BRCA1/2 o por agregación familiar. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria, Escala de Imagen Corporal, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer calidad de vida oncológica C30y BR23. Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que las participantes presentaban niveles clínicos en sintomatología ansiosa y subclínicos en sintomatología depresiva. Sin embargo, se encontraban en niveles normativos en imagen corporal y calidad de vida. Las participantes con antecedentes oncológicos manifestaban, mayor insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, niveles inferiores en las escalas de funcionamiento físico, cognitivo y global de la calidad de vida, así como mayor fatiga, dolor general, en el brazo y en la mama en comparación con las mujeres sin diagnósticos previos. Conclusiones: Las mujeres sin mutación poseían mayor sintomatología en la mama y en el brazo que las mujeres con mutación, las cuales presentaban más dificultades económicas que las mujeres no portadoras. Evidenciando la necesidad de realizar una intervención psicológica antes de la cirugía especialmente en este colectivo (AU)

Aim: analyze depressive and anxiety symptomatology, body image and quality of life in a group of women with genetic vulnerability to breast cancer who were going to undergo a risk-reducing mastectomy. Method:184 women participated in this study, all of whom had an increased risk of breast cancer, either because they were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers or because they had several affected relatives. The psychological instruments used were: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Body Image Scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 and BR23. Results: The results of this study showed that the participants presented clinical anxiety symptomatology and subclinical depressive symptomatology. However, all the sample were at normative levels in body image and quality of life. Participants with previous diagnosis of cancer showed, higher dissatisfaction with their body image, lower levels on the scales of physical, and cognitive and global functioning on quality of life, as well as higher fatigue, more general pain also in the breast and in the arm compared to women without diagnosis. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 non-mutation carriers showed more symptomatology in the breast and in the arm fatigue than BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had more economic difficulties than non-carriers. It is highly recommended a psychological intervention before a risk-reducing surgery. (AU)

Impacto de la percepción de riesgo de padecer cáncer en Consejo Genético Oncológico / Impact of cancer risk perception on Oncology Genetic Counseling

El Consejo Genético Oncológico (CGO) es una herramienta útil para la detección de familias con alto riesgo cáncer de mama/ ovario hereditario, con la detección de mutaciones patogénicas en los genes BRCA1 y 2. Objetivo: valorar la percepción de riesgo de cáncer en mujeres con historia personal y/o familiar de cáncer de mama/ ovario hereditario, valorar la percepción de riesgo en función de la detección de la presencia/ ausencia de una mutación patogénica en el estudio genético, y de la medida preventiva elegida tras la realización del estudio genético (seguimiento periódico o cirugía reductora de riesgo). Método: se realizó una valoración de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y percepción de riesgo de cáncer retrospectivamente en un grupo de mujeres portadoras de mutación sometidas a estudio genético desde 1998, y prospectivamente en un grupo de mujeres sometidas a estudio genético a partir de 2015. La muestra global estaba compuesta por 262 mujeres (173 mujeres recién estudiadas y 89 mujeres portadoras de mutación estudiadas previamente). Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en las mujeres que decidieron optar por una cirugía reductora de riesgo, que presentaban una percepción de riesgo mayor que las que eligieron seguimiento y se observó una disminución significativa de esa percepción tras llevar a cabo la cirugía. Conclusiones: se resalta la necesidad de evaluar la percepción de riesgo de las participantes en CGO. (AU)

The cancer genetic counseling oncology helps for detecting families at high risk for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer, due to BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations. Objective: To assess the perception of cancer risk in women with a personal and/or family history of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer, assess the perception of risk based on the detection of the presence/absence of a pathogenic mutation, and the preventive measure chosen after completion of the study genetic (periodic follow-up or risk-reducing surgery). Method: an assessment of sociodemographic and clinical variables and perception of cancer risk was carried out retrospectively in a group of women carriers of the mutation who underwent genetic testing since 1998, and prospectively in a group of women who underwent genetic testing since 2015. The global sample was made up of 262 women (173 newly studied women and 89 previously studied mutation carrier women). Result: Significant differences were found in women who decided to opt for risk-reducing surgery, who presented a higher risk perception than those who chose follow-up, and a significant decrease in this perception was observed after carrying out the surgery. Conclusions: It is necessary to evaluate the perception of risk of the participants in CGO. (AU)

Aspectos psicológicos en las mastectomías reductoras de riesgo en mujeres portadoras de mutación patogénica BRCA1/2 / Psychological implications of risk-reducing mastectomies in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

Las cirugías reductoras de riesgo descienden un 95% el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama, pero traen consigo repercusiones psicológicas. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar la sintomatología ansiosa/depresiva, la imagen corporal y la calidad de vida de mujeres portadoras de una mutación BRCA1/2 con o sin antecedentes oncológicos personales que se habían sometido a una mastectomía reductora de riesgo. Para ello, se utilizó el método PRISMA. La búsqueda inicial identificó 234 estudios. Solo 7 investigaciones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. No se encontraron diferencias en sintomatología ansiosa. Un estudio concluyó que la sintomatología depresiva aumentó significativamente en mujeres sin antecedentes oncológicos en el seguimiento a largo plazo. Las mujeres que optaron por una mastectomía bilateral reductora de riesgo y fueron reconstruidas mediante prótesis tendían a estar satisfechas con su imagen corporal/resultado cosmético. No se hallaron diferencias a largo plazo en la calidad de vida independientemente de la cirugía realizada(AU)

Risk-reducing surgeries decrease the risk of developing breast cancer by 95%. But this type of surgery can be life-changing. This systematic review analyzed anxiety/depressive symptomatology, body image and quality of life on BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with or without a previous oncological history who have undergone risk-reducing mastectomy. PRISMA method was used to conduct this review. The initial search identified 234 studies. However, only 7 achieved the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of anxious symptomatology. One study found that depressive symptomatology had increased significantly in women without previous oncological history at the long-term follow-up measure. Women who underwent bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction tended to be satisfied with their body image/cosmetic outcome. No differences were reported at long-term follow-ups, independently of the surgery performed(AU)

Psychological implications of risk-reducing mastectomies in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

Risk-reducing surgeries decrease the risk of developing breast cancer by 95%. But this type of surgery can be life-changing. This systematic review analyzed anxiety/depressive symptomatology, body image and quality of life on BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with or without a previous oncological history who have undergone risk-reducing mastectomy. PRISMA method was used to conduct this review. The initial search identified 234 studies. However, only 7 achieved the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of anxious symptomatology. One study found that depressive symptomatology had increased significantly in women without previous oncological history at the long-term follow-up measure. Women who underwent bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction tended to be satisfied with their body image/cosmetic outcome. No differences were reported at long-term follow-ups, independently of the surgery performed.

Psychological implications of risk-reducing mastectomies in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. / Aspectos psicológicos en las mastectomías reductoras de riesgo en mujeres portadoras de mutación patogénica BRCA1/2.

Risk-reducing surgeries decrease the risk of developing breast cancer by 95%. But this type of surgery can be life-changing. This systematic review analyzed anxiety/depressive symptomatology, body image and quality of life on BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with or without a previous oncological history who have undergone risk-reducing mastectomy. PRISMA method was used to conduct this review. The initial search identified 234 studies. However, only 7 achieved the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of anxious symptomatology. One study found that depressive symptomatology had increased significantly in women without previous oncological history at the long-term follow-up measure. Women who underwent bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction tended to be satisfied with their body image/cosmetic outcome. No differences were reported at long-term follow-ups, independently of the surgery performed.

Breast Cancer Management During COVID-19 Pandemic in Madrid: Surgical Strategy.

BACKGROUND: From the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan (China), the infection spread all around the world causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Spain has been one of the most severely affected countries, and Madrid has reported a high number of cases and deaths. We discuss our strategies for optimal breast cancer management during COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study at Clínico San Carlos Hospital to analyze the management of patients with breast cancer during the pandemic outbreak and the surgical strategy after the pandemic outbreak. We created a practical and dynamic tool based on a "traffic light" system for prioritizing surgical time. Every patient was contacted by telephone with a preoperative COVID-19 protocol. After surgical procedures, patient satisfaction was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer in-patient satisfaction with cancer care questionnaire (EORTC IN-PATSAT32). RESULTS: Patients with breast cancer actively treated with surgical procedures were put on a waiting list and received systemic therapy. Telemedicine was used to evaluate any side effects and to avoid unnecessary hospital visits. Surgery was only considered after the pandemic outbreak, and then, only those procedures designed to minimize surgical complications and, therefore, reduce hospital stay. We also measured patients' satisfaction with medical and nursing scales that resulted in a "very good" evaluation tending to "excellent". CONCLUSION: It is necessary to adapt management of oncology treatment and surgical strategy to optimize resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' perception of care quality and the degree of patients' satisfaction with health services has potential relevance in the absence of outcome data.

Embarazo ectópico cervical: Reporte de un caso

Cervical ectopic gestation is extremely rare, currently representing 0.1% of ectopic pregnancies. There is a high risk of bleeding due to the proximity between the uterine arteries and the cervix. In most cases, late diagnosis is associated with heavy bleeding and high mortality. We present a case of ectopic cervical pregnancy conservatively managed with intramuscular methotrexate, and we review the literature regarding diagnosis and treatment.

La gestación ectópica cervical es una patología extremadamente rara, representando actualmente el 0,1% del total de los embarazos ectópicos. Conlleva riesgo muy alto de sangrado, debido a la proximidad entre las arterias uterinas y el cérvix. En la mayoría de las ocasiones se realiza un diagnóstico tardío asociado a un sangrado abundante que produce alta mortalidad. Se presenta un caso de gestación ectópica cervical, tratado de manera conservadora con metotrexato intramuscular, y se revisa la literatura respecto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Evaluación de la seguridad y la eficacia de la endometrectomía histeroscópica en la menometrorragia / Safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic endometrectomy in patients with menometrorrhagia

Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia y la seguridad de la endometrectomía histeroscópica en pacientes con hemorragia uterina disfuncional. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 119 pacientes con menometrorragias. Se evaluó la histología prequirúrgica y posquirúrgica, las complicaciones inmediatas y tardías, la recidiva de la sintomatología y la necesidad de reintervención. Resultados: La edad media de las pacientes fue de 45 años (rango, 25-72). Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 14 meses (rango, 9-54), el 92,8% de las mujeres mejoró de su metropatía. En el 30,9% persistió la amenorrea; en el 26,3%, la hipomenorrea; y en el 35,4%, la eumenorrea. Las complicaciones globales fueron del 5,9% (7 casos), 6 casos a corto plazo (3 perforaciones y 3 hemorragias intraoperatorias) y un caso de hematometra a largo plazo. Un 7,2% (8 casos) mantuvo menometrorragias tras la ablación. El fallo del tratamiento se asoció con la resección incompleta del endometrio y la presencia de complicaciones intraoperatorias. La tasa de respuesta se redujo con el tiempo: el 96% a los 6 meses y el 87% a los 3 años. Se realizó un 7,3% (8 casos) de reintervenciones, 3 de ellas histerectomías. Conclusiones: La ablación/resección endometrial o endometrectomía histeroscópica es un tratamiento seguro y efectivo en el manejo quirúrgico de la menometrorragia

Objective: To analyze the safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic endometrectomy in patients with menometrorrhagia. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective study of 119 patients with menometrorrhagia. Histology, early and late complications, symptom recurrence, and reinterventions were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45 years (range, 25-72). With a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 9-54), menometrorrhagia was improved in 92.8%. A total of 30.9% showed amenorrhea, 26.3% hypomenorrhea, and 35.4% eumenorrhea. Complications occurred in seven patients (5.9%), early complications in six (three uterine perforations and three intraoperative hemorrhages), and there was one late complication (hematometra). Symptom recurrence was observed at the end of follow-up in eight patients (7.2%). Treatment failure was associated with incomplete endometrial resection and the presence of intraoperative complications. Treatment efficacy decreased during follow-up and was 96% at 6 months and 87% at 3 years. Reinterventions were performed in 7.3% (eight patients); of these, hysterectomy was performed in three patients. Conclusions: Hysteroscopic endometrectomy is a safe and effective surgical treatment for menometrorrhagia