miR-320c Regulates SERPINA1 Expression and Is Induced in Patients With Pulmonary Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition resulting in lung and liver disease with a great clinical variability. MicroRNAs have been identified as disease modifiers; therefore miRNA deregulation could play an important role in disease heterogeneity. Members of miR-320 family are involved in regulating of multiple processes including inflammation, and have potential specific binding sites in the 3'UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. In this study we explore the involvement of miR-320c, a member of this family, in this disease. METHODS: Firstly in vitro studies were carried out to demonstrate regulation of SERPINA1 gene by miR-320. Furthermore, the expression of miR-320c was analyzed in the blood of 98 individuals with different AAT serum levels by using quantitative PCR and expression was correlated to clinical parameters of the patients. Finally, HL60 cells were used to analyze induction of miR-320c in inflammatory conditions. RESULTS: Overexpression of miR-320 members in human HepG2 cells led to inhibition of SERPINA1 expression. Analysis of miR-320c expression in patient's samples revealed significantly increased expression of miR-320c in individuals with pulmonary disease. Additionally, HL60 cells treated with the pro-inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed increase in miR-320c expression, suggesting that miR-320c responds to inflammation. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that miR-320c inhibits SERPINA1 expression in a hepatic cell line and its levels in blood are associated with lung disease in a cohort of patients with different AAT serum levels. These results suggest that miR-320c can play a role in AAT regulation and could be a biomarker of inflammatory processes in pulmonary diseases.

miR-320c Regulates SERPINA1 Expression and Is Induced in Patients With Pulmonary Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition resulting in lung and liver disease with a great clinical variability. MicroRNAs have been identified as disease modifiers; therefore miRNA deregulation could play an important role in disease heterogeneity. Members of miR-320 family are involved in regulating of multiple processes including inflammation, and have potential specific binding sites in the 3'UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. In this study we explore the involvement of miR-320c, a member of this family, in this disease. METHODS: Firstly in vitro studies were carried out to demonstrate regulation of SERPINA1 gene by miR-320. Furthermore, the expression of miR-320c was analyzed in the blood of 98 individuals with different AAT serum levels by using quantitative PCR and expression was correlated to clinical parameters of the patients. Finally, HL60 cells were used to analyze induction of miR-320c in inflammatory conditions. RESULTS: Overexpression of miR-320 members in human HepG2 cells led to inhibition of SERPINA1 expression. Analysis of miR-320c expression in patient's samples revealed significantly increased expression of miR-320c in individuals with pulmonary disease. Additionally, HL60 cells treated with the pro-inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed increase in miR-320c expression, suggesting that miR-320c responds to inflammation. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that miR-320c inhibits SERPINA1 expression in a hepatic cell line and its levels in blood are associated with lung disease in a cohort of patients with different AAT serum levels. These results suggest that miR-320c can play a role in AAT regulation and could be a biomarker of inflammatory processes in pulmonary diseases.

Registro español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina: evaluación de la base de datos y análisis de la población incluida / Spanish registry of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: database evaluation and population analysis

Introducción y objetivo: El Registro español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina (REDAAT) se formó con el objetivo de mejorar el conocimiento sobre del DAAT. En este trabajo se evalúa el registro y se analiza la población de pacientes incluida en él. Métodos: Dispone de una base de datos alojada en la Web: www.redaat.es. Su base de datos recoge información clínica y funcional de individuos portadores de los fenotipos PiSZ, ZZ y variantes raras. Resultados: En la actualidad reúne información sobre 511 individuos procedentes de 103 centros sanitarios, gracias a la colaboración de 124 médicos. De ellos, 348 (74,2%) son homocigotos Pi*ZZ y 100 (19,5%) heterocigotos Pi*SZ. Existe una mayor concentración de casos en hospitales universitarios de tercer nivel. El 81% de los casos tiene enfermedad pulmonar y en menor proporción el DAAT se detectó por cribado familiar o enfermedad hepática. Se dispone de datos de seguimiento en el 45% de los casos, y un 35% recibieron tratamiento sustitutivo con alfa-1 antitripsina. Conclusiones: El REDAAT es una herramienta útil para obtener información de calidad sobre esta enfermedad minoritaria en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual, aunque obtener datos de seguimiento es difícil y no es posible conocer la representatividad de la muestra incluida

Introduction and objective: REDAAT, the Spanish Registry of Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, was set up in order to improve knowledge of this disease. This study is an evaluation of the registry and an analysis of its patient population. Methods: The registry has a database hosted on the website www.redaat.es. It collects clinical and functional data on patients with PiSZ, ZZ phenotypes and other rare variants. Results: Thanks to the collaboration of 124 physicians, the registry currently contains information on 511 individuals from 103 healthcare centers. Of these 511, 348 (74.2%) are Pi*ZZ homozygotes, and 100 (19.5%) are Pi*SZ heterozygotes. More cases are seen in tertiary level hospitals. A total of 81% of the cases have respiratory disease, and a lower proportion of AATD cases were detected by family screening or liver disease. Follow-up data are available for 45% of the cases, and 35% received alpha-1 antitripsin replacement therapy. Conclusions: The REDAAT registry is a useful tool for obtaining quality information about this minority disease in routine clinical practice conditions, although it is difficult to obtain follow-up data, and the representativeness of the sample included cannot be determined

Spanish Registry of Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Database Evaluation and Population Analysis. / Registro español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina: evaluación de la base de datos y análisis de la población incluida.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: REDAAT, the Spanish Registry of Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, was set up in order to improve knowledge of this disease. This study is an evaluation of the registry and an analysis of its patient population. METHODS: The registry has a database hosted on the website www.redaat.es. It collects clinical and functional data on patients with PiSZ, ZZ phenotypes and other rare variants. RESULTS: Thanks to the collaboration of 124 physicians, the registry currently contains information on 511 individuals from 103 healthcare centers. Of these 511, 348 (74.2%) are Pi*ZZ homozygotes, and 100 (19.5%) are Pi*SZ heterozygotes. More cases are seen in tertiary level hospitals. A total of 81% of the cases have respiratory disease, and a lower proportion of AATD cases were detected by family screening or liver disease. Follow-up data are available for 45% of the cases, and 35% received alpha-1 antitripsin replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The REDAAT registry is a useful tool for obtaining quality information about this minority disease in routine clinical practice conditions, although it is difficult to obtain follow-up data, and the representativeness of the sample included cannot be determined.

Actualización sobre indicaciones de búsqueda activa de casos y tratamiento con alfa-1 antitripsina por vía intravenosa en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica asociada a déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina / Indications for Active Case Searches and Intravenous Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Treatment for Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease: An Update

El déficit hereditario de la alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) se puede manifestar clínicamente como una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se define por una concentración sérica por debajo del 35% del valor medio esperado, o 50 mg/dL (medida por nefelometría) y está relacionado en más del 95% de los casos, con genotipos Pi*ZZ, y muy infrecuentemente con otros genotipos resultantes de combinaciones entre alelos Z, S, raros y nulos. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática cualitativa de 107 artículos, centrados principalmente en la búsqueda activa del déficit de AAT (DAAT) en pacientes con EPOC y en el tratamiento con AAT por vía intravenosa (iv). El comité asesor del Registro Español de pacientes con DAAT, sobre la base de esta revisión, considera que se debe descartar el DAAT, mediante la cuantificación de las concentraciones séricas de AAT, en todos los pacientes con EPOC y cuando sean bajas se debe completar el estudio mediante la determinación del fenotipo y, en ocasiones, del genotipo. El tratamiento de los individuos con EPOC asociado a DAAT grave debe incluir el tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico recomendado en las normativas de la EPOC. Existe suficiente evidencia, derivada de grandes estudios observacionales y de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con placebo, que demuestran que el tratamiento con AAT iv disminuye la mortalidad y reduce la velocidad de progresión del enfisema, por lo que está indicado en casos seleccionados que cumplan los criterios de inclusión establecidos en las normativas internacionales. La terapia con infusiones iv periódicas de AAT es el único tratamiento específico que existe para frenar la progresión del enfisema asociado al DAAT

The effect of hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency can manifest clinically in the form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AAT deficiency (AATD) is defined as a serum concentration lower than 35% of the expected mean value or 50 mg/dl (determined by nephelometry). It is associated in over 95% of cases with Pi*ZZ genotypes, and much less frequently with other genotypes resulting from combinations of Z, S, rare and null alleles. A systematic qualitative review was made of 107 articles, focusing mainly on an active search for AATD in COPD patients and intravenous (iv) treatment with AAT. On the basis of this review, the consultant committee of the Spanish Registry of Patients with AATD recommends that all COPD patients be screened for AATD with the determination of AAT serum concentrations, and when these are low, the evaluation must be completed with phenotyping and, on occasions, genotyping. Patients with severe AATD COPD should receive the pharmacological and non-pharmacologicaltreatment recommended in the COPD guidelines. There is enough evidence from large observational studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials to show that the administration of iv AAT reduces mortality and slows the progression of emphysema, hence its indication in selected cases that meet the inclusion criteria stipulated in international guidelines. The administration of periodic infusions of AAT is the only specific treatment for delaying the progression of emphysema associated with AATD

Indications for active case searches and intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin treatment for patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency chronic pulmonary obstructive disease: an update.

The effect of hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency can manifest clinically in the form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AAT deficiency (AATD) is defined as a serum concentration lower than 35% of the expected mean value or 50 mg/dl (determined by nephelometry). It is associated in over 95% of cases with Pi*ZZ genotypes, and much less frequently with other genotypes resulting from combinations of Z, S, rare and null alleles. A systematic qualitative review was made of 107 articles, focusing mainly on an active search for AATD in COPD patients and intravenous (iv) treatment with AAT. On the basis of this review, the consultant committee of the Spanish Registry of Patients with AATD recommends that all COPD patients be screened for AATD with the determination of AAT serum concentrations, and when these are low, the evaluation must be completed with phenotyping and, on occasions, genotyping. Patients with severe AATD COPD should receive the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment recommended in the COPD guidelines. There is enough evidence from large observational studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials to show that the administration of iv AAT reduces mortality and slows the progression of emphysema, hence its indication in selected cases that meet the inclusion criteria stipulated in international guidelines. The administration of periodic infusions of AAT is the only specific treatment for delaying the progression of emphysema associated with AATD.

Factores asociados a la evolución de la función pulmonar en pacientes con déficit de alfa-1-antitripsina del registro español / Factors Associated with the Evolution of Lung Function in Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in the Spanish Registry

Introducción: El presente estudio pretende describir las características de los pacientes diagnosticados de déficit grave de alfa-1-antitripsina (AAT) en España, calcular la tasa de descenso del FEV1 con y sin tratamiento sustitutivo, e identificar factores asociados a una tasa de descenso acelerada del FEV1.Método: Estudio retrospectivo de la evolución de los individuos con déficit de alfa-1-antitripsina (DAAT) incluidos en el registro español. La variable principal evaluada en el estudio fue la tasa anual de descenso del FEV1.Resultados: Se identificaron 303 pacientes con DAAT grave y fenotipo Pi ZZ. Se dispuso del seguimiento espirométrico de 117 pacientes. Ser fumador activo o ex fumador frente a nunca fumador (odds ratio [OR]=10,31; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%=1,8-58,8; p=0,008) y tener un mayor FEV1(%) posbroncodilatador (OR=1,03; IC del 95%=1,005-1,06; p=0,018), se asociaron de manera independiente a una tasa más acelerada de descenso del FEV1. Se apreció una tendencia entre tener un índice de masa corporal (IMC) bajo y experimentar una mayor tasa de deterioro del FEV1 (OR=1,14; IC del 95%=0,98-1,33; p=0,085). Conclusiones: Ser fumador o ex fumador, tener una función pulmonar preservada y un bajo IMC fueron los principales factores de riesgo asociados a una tasa acelerada de descenso del FEV1. Este hallazgo justificaría la necesidad de efectuar un seguimiento estrecho de los pacientes jóvenes con un FEV1 más preservado(AU)

Introduction: The present study intends to describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in Spain, to observe the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with and without substitutive therapy, and to identify factors associated with a rapid rate of decline in FEV1. Method: A retrospective study of the evolution of individuals with AATD was carried out based on data collected from the Spanish registry. The primary response variable was the annual rate of decline in FEV1, calculated using the baseline and last postbronchodilator FEV1 values in an endpoint analysis. Results: 303 patients with severe AATD and Pi ZZ phenotype were identified. Follow-up spirometric data were collected for 117 subjects. Being a smoker or ex-smoker versus never smoker (odds ratio [OR]=10.31; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.8-58.8; p=0.008) and having a higher baseline postbronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted) (OR=1.03; 95% CI=1.005-1.06; p=0.018) were independently associated with a more rapid rate of decline in FEV1. There was also a trend towards a relationship between low body mass index (BMI) and a greater rate of deterioration in lung function (OR=1.14; 95% CI=0.98-1.33; p=0.085). Conclusion: Being a smoker or ex-smoker, greater baseline lung function, and low BMI were the main risk factors associated with an accelerated rate of decline in FEV1. This finding warrants the close observation of younger patients with a better-preserved FEV1(AU)

Factors associated with the evolution of lung function in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in the Spanish registry.

INTRODUCTION: The present study intends to describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in Spain, to observe the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with and without substitutive therapy, and to identify factors associated with a rapid rate of decline in FEV1. METHOD: A retrospective study of the evolution of individuals with AATD was carried out based on data collected from the Spanish registry. The primary response variable was the annual rate of decline in FEV1, calculated using the baseline and last postbronchodilator FEV1 values in an endpoint analysis. RESULTS: 303 patients with severe AATD and Pi ZZ phenotype were identified. Follow-up spirometric data were collected for 117 subjects. Being a smoker or ex-smoker versus never smoker (odds ratio [OR]=10.31; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.8-58.8; p=0.008) and having a higher baseline postbronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted) (OR=1.03; 95% CI=1.005-1.06; p=0.018) were independently associated with a more rapid rate of decline in FEV1. There was also a trend towards a relationship between low body mass index (BMI) and a greater rate of deterioration in lung function (OR=1.14; 95% CI=0.98-1.33; p=0.085). CONCLUSION: Being a smoker or ex-smoker, greater baseline lung function, and low BMI were the main risk factors associated with an accelerated rate of decline in FEV1. This finding warrants the close observation of younger patients with a better-preserved FEV1.