The Extra-Extended Translabyrinthine Approach for Resection of Large Acoustic Neuroma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

The extended translabyrinthine approach to acoustic neuroma (AN) was created to allow improved visualization and access to larger tumors.1,2 The dural opening, however, remained confined to the presigmoid space. Other authors have introduced modifications to increase the dura exposure around the internal auditory canal (IAC).3-5 The extra-extended translabyrinthine approach was conceptualized by the senior author (CC) to maximize AN exposure and early cranial nerve identification. The tentorial peeling was added to allow extradural mobilization of the temporal lobe.6 This allows further safe bone removal around the IAC and petrous apex and consistent opening of the facial canal at IAC fundus. This modification creates 280-to-360-degree dura exposure at the IAC. The dural opening extends to the petrous apex superiorly and the prepontine arachnoid cistern inferiorly and includes resection of a tentorium dural flap created by the tentorial peeling.6 This exposure allows for near circumferential exposure of the tumor and early identification of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the cochlear aqueduct area, the trigeminal nerve at the porus trigeminal, and the facial nerve (FN) at IAC fundus. In addition, this ample exposure permits identification of the FN trajectory in the tumor capsule before any tumor dissection. We present a detailed video of extra-extended translabyrinthine approach technique in a patient with a large left AN (Hannover classification T4B).7 This video does not involve any human research projects not requiring Institutional Review Board/ethic committee approval. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of his image. Complete resection was obtained. The FN function was House-Brackman I/VI.

Data-driven, explainable machine learning model for predicting volatile organic compounds' standard vaporization enthalpy.

The accurate prediction of standard vaporization enthalpy (ΔvapHm°) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of paramount importance in environmental chemistry, industrial applications and regulatory compliance. To overcome traditional experimental methods for predicting ΔvapHm° of VOCs, machine learning (ML) models enable a high-throughput, cost-effective property estimation. But despite a rising momentum, existing ML algorithms still present limitations in prediction accuracy and broad chemical applications. In this work, we present a data driven, explainable supervised ML model to predict ΔvapHm° of VOCs. The model was built on an established experimental database of 2410 unique molecules and 223 VOCs categorized by chemical groups. Using supervised ML regression algorithms, the Random Forest successfully predicted VOCs' ΔvapHm° with a mean absolute error of 3.02 kJ mol-1 and a 95% test score. The model was successfully validated through the prediction of ΔvapHm° for a known database of VOCs and through molecular group hold-out tests. Through chemical feature importance analysis, this explainable model revealed that VOC polarizability, connectivity indexes and electrotopological state are key for the model's prediction accuracy. We thus present a replicable and explainable model, which can be further expanded towards the prediction of other thermodynamic properties of VOCs.

Explainable Supervised Machine Learning Model To Predict Solvation Gibbs Energy.

Many challenges persist in developing accurate computational models for predicting solvation free energy (ΔGsol). Despite recent developments in Machine Learning (ML) methodologies that outperformed traditional quantum mechanical models, several issues remain concerning explanatory insights for broad chemical predictions with an acceptable speed-accuracy trade-off. To overcome this, we present a novel supervised ML model to predict the ΔGsol for an array of solvent-solute pairs. Using two different ensemble regressor algorithms, we made fast and accurate property predictions using open-source chemical features, encoding complex electronic, structural, and surface area descriptors for every solvent and solute. By integrating molecular properties and chemical interaction features, we have analyzed individual descriptor importance and optimized our model though explanatory information form feature groups. On aqueous and organic solvent databases, ML models revealed the predictive relevance of solutes with increasing polar surface area and decreasing polarizability, yielding better results than state-of-the-art benchmark Neural Network methods (without complex quantum mechanical or molecular dynamic simulations). Both algorithms successfully outperformed previous ΔGsol predictions methods, with a maximum absolute error of 0.22 ± 0.02 kcal mol-1, further validated in an external benchmark database and with solvent hold-out tests. With these explanatory and statistical insights, they allow a thoughtful application of this method for predicting other thermodynamic properties, stressing the relevance of ML modeling for further complex computational chemistry problems.

Matrix metalloproteinases inhibition reveals the association between inflammation, collagen accumulation and intestinal translocation of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vivo.

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic infection that causes enterohepatic morbidity associated with severe granulomatous inflammation triggered by parasite eggs. In this disease, granulomatous inflammation leads to intestinal erosion and environmental excretion of S. mansoni eggs from feces, an essential process for propagating the parasite and infecting host organisms. Metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in S. mansoni-induced hepatic granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. However, the relationship between MMP and collagen accumulation with the intestinal excretion of parasite eggs remains unclear. Thus, the present study investigated whether MMP inhibition is capable of modulating granulomatous inflammation, collagen accumulation and mechanical resistance to the point of influencing the dynamics between intestinal retention and excretion of S. mansoni eggs in infected mice. Our findings indicated that doxycycline (a potent MMP inhibitor) aggravates intestinal inflammation and subverts collagen dynamics in schistosomiasis. By attenuating MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, this drug is capable of enhancing fibrosis and mechanical resistance of the intestinal wall, hindering S. mansoni eggs translocation. Although collagen content was not correlated with MMP activity, intestinal retention and fecal excretion of parasite eggs in untreated mice; these correlations were observed for doxycycline-treated animals. Thus, our study provides evidence that doxycycline is able to attenuate fecal elimination of S. mansoni eggs by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, events potentially associated with excessive collagen accumulation, which increases intestinal mechanical resistance and hinders eggs translocation through the intestinal wall. Variations in intestinal collagen dynamics are relevant since they may represent changes in the environmental dispersion of S. mansoni eggs, bringing repercussions for schistosomiasis propagation.

Systematic Development of Vanadium Catalysts for Sustainable Epoxidation of Small Alkenes and Allylic Alcohols.

The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols' epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies.

Determination of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) traces using passive samplers in combination with GC-MS and GC-PCI-MS/MS methods.

The use of organic peroxides for the preparation of homemade explosives (HMEs) is common among terrorists due to inexpensive precursor chemicals and simple synthetic procedures. Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is the most notable peroxide explosive, and has been deployed in several terrorist attacks as explosive filling of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Forensic identification of TATP in pre-blast and post-blast residues, including on-site analysis, poses significant analytical challenges and induces demand for practicable and sensitive detection techniques. This work presents a concept suitable for laboratory and on-site identification of TATP residues in liquid samples (aqueous TATP synthetic waste) and in gas phase. It is based on TATP enrichment from the aqueous or gas phase using different types of passive samplers (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sampling rods and activated carbon sampling tubes (ACST)) and subsequent identification of the explosive by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or GC with positive chemical ionization and tandem MS (GC-PCI-MS/MS) analytical techniques. Additionally, investigation of the stability of TATP in aqueous solutions and of the stability of enriched TATP in passive samplers under different storage conditions, as well as development of TATP re-extraction procedures from passive samplers have been performed in this study. The practical use of passive samplers was demonstrated during and after TATP production processes. Moreover, post-blast sampling of TATP under different conditions of controlled blasting events was investigated using the passive sampling concept.

Triacetone triperoxide characterization by FT-ICR mass spectrometry: Uncovering multiple forensic evidence.

Triacetone triperoxide is one of the most common used explosives by terrorist and criminal groups, being easily synthesized with over the counter reagents. Moreover, it's difficult to detect since it contains no nitrogen. Extreme resolution mass spectrometry, based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry provides a way to established its composition, being able to detect its presence in complex matrixes. In this work, we investigated the detailed chemical composition of triacetone triperoxide and analysed latent fingerprints for evidence of its handling. Our results allowed the characterization of the oligoperoxides formed in the synthesis of triacetone triperoxide: oligomers dihydroperoxy terminated [H(OOC(CH3)2)nOOH] and the oligomeric acetone carbonyl oxides terminated as hydroperoxides [H(O2C(CH3)2)nOOC(O)CH3]. The discrimination between the different synthetic routes using different acid catalysts is possible given the clear differences between the mass spectrum corresponding to each case. Moreover, we identified triacetone triperoxide in latent fingerprints following its manipulation. For criminal investigation, in addition to the unambiguous detection and identification of the explosive, it is of the highest interest to identify the reagents used, who produced it and who used it for criminal purposes.

Infecciones urinarias por Streptococcus agalactiae y Staphylococcus saprophyticus y embarazo / Urinary tract infections due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and pregnancy / Infecções urinárias por Streptococcus agalactiae y Staphylococcus saprophyticus e gravidez

Distintos autores difieren en la mayor o menor prevalencia de las infecciones urinarias (IU) por Streptococcus agalactiae y Staphylococcus saprophyticus en mujeres embarazadas (ME) y no embarazadas (NE). Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, comparativo, de cohortes con el objetivo de evaluar la frecuencia de IU por S. agalactiae y S. saprophyticus en ME asintomáticas pertenecientes a centros de atención primaria de la salud del Municipio de La Plata (CAPS) entre 2008 y 2016 y se la comparó con la de NE sintomáticas en edad fértil, no internadas, que asistieron al Hospital "San Roque" (HSR) entre 2014 y 2017. Se procesaron 2.378 orinas de ME que concurrieron a las CAPS. De ese total, 201 fueron positivas (8,5%), el 10,4% de las mismas (n: 21) correspondieron a S. agalactiae y el 10,0% a S. saprophyticus (n: 20). En el 54% se aisló Escherichia coli. El total de urocultivos en la población de NE fue de 2.281 y 526 fueron positivos (23,1%): 7 correspondieron a S. agalactiae (1,3%), 18 a S. saprophyticus (3,4%) y el 78% a E. coli. En conclusión, la frecuencia de aislamiento de S. agalactiae y S. saprophyticus fue significativamente mayor en la población de ME pertenecientes a las CAPS respecto de las NE estudiadas en el HSR.

Several authors differ in the greater or lesser prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in pregnant women (PW) and non-pregnant women (NPW). A retrospective, comparative, cohort study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the frequency of UTI by S. agalactiae and S. saprophyticus in asymptomatic PW from primary care centers of the Municipality of La Plata (PCC) between 2008 and 2016 and comparing it with symptomatic NPW in a fertile age, not hospitalized women, who attended the "San Roque" Hospital (HSR) between 2014 and 2017. A total of 2,378 urine samples from PW assisted at the PCC were processed. Two hundred and one were positive (8.5%); 10.4% of them (n: 21) corresponded to S. agalactiae and 10.0% to S. saprophyticus (n: 20). Escherichia coli was isolated in 54%. The total of urine cultures in the population of NPW of the HSR was 2,281 and 526 were positive (23.1%): 7 corresponded to S. agalactiae (1.3%), 18 to S.saprophyticus (3.4%) and 78% to E. coli. In conclusion, the frequency of isolation of S. agalactiae and S. saprophyticus was significantly higher in the population of PW belonging to the PCC than in the NPW studied in the HSR.

Diferentes autores diferem na maior ou menor prevalência das infecções do trato urinário (ITU) devido a Streptococcus agalactiae e Staphylococcus saprophyticus em mulheres grávidas (MG) e mulheres não grávidas (NG). Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e comparativo de coortes com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de ITU por S.agalactiae e S.saprophyticus em MGs assintomáticas pertencentes a salas de atendimento primário do município de La Plata (CAPS) entre 2008 e 2016 e compará-lo com NG sintomáticas em idade fértil, não hospitalizadas, que frequentaram o Hospital "San Roque" (HSR) entre 2014 e 2017. Foram processadas 2.378 amostras de urina de MG atendidas nas CAPS. Desse total, 201 foram positivos (8,5%), 10,4% das mesmas (n: 21) corresponderam a S. agalactiae e 10,0% a S. saprophyticus (n: 20). Escherichia coli foi isolada em 54%. As culturas de urina total na população de NG foram de 2.281 e 526 foram positivas (23.1%): 7 correspondem a S.agalactiae (1.3%), 18 a S.saprophyticus (3.4%) e 78% para E. coli. Em conclusão, a frequência de isolamento de S. agalactiae e S. saprophyticus foi significativamente maior na população de MG pertencente às CAPS do que as NG estudadas no HSR.

Vaginosis bacteriana en embarazadas y su impacto en la prematurez y en el bajo peso al nacer / Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and its impact on prematurity and low birth weight / Vaginose bacteriana em mulheres grávidas e seu impacto na prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer

La vaginosis bacteriana (VB) es un síndrome producido por el desbalance de la microbiota vaginal normal, frecuente en mujeres en edad fértil, incluyendo embarazadas (ME). Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la prevalencia de VB en el segundo trimestre de embarazo en la población estudiada y su impacto sobre la producción de partos prematuros (PP) y/o de bajo peso al nacer (BPN). Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, comparativo, de casos y controles, de 315 ME con y sin vaginosis en el segundo trimestre de embarazo entre 2009 y 2016. Se consideraron “casos” a aquellas mujeres afectadas por VB (estadio IV) y “controles” a las que exhibían una microbiota habitual (estadio I). El 20% de las ME presentaron VB (estadio IV). Se registraron 16 BPN (11 entre los 62 casos y 5 entre los 120 controles) (p=0,025). En 16 oportunidades el parto fue prematuro (10 entre los casos y 6 entre los controles) (p=0,007) En total, las dificultades en el parto fueron significativamente más numerosas entre los casos que entre los controles (p=0,009). Al menos en la población estudiada la presencia de vaginosis en el segundo trimestre de las ME estuvo significativamente asociada con PP y/o BPN.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome produced by the imbalance of the normal vaginal microbiota, common in women of childbearing age including pregnant women (PW). The objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of BV in the second trimester of pregnancy in the population studied and its impact on the production of premature births (PB) and/or low birth weight infants (LBWI). A retrospective, comparative study of cases and controls of 315 PW with and without vaginosis was carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy between 2009 and 2016. Those cases affected by BV (stage IV) were considered “cases”, and “controls” those that exhibited a habitual microbiota (stage I). Twenty percent of PW presented VB (stage IV) and 16 LBWI were recorded (11 among 62 cases and 5 among 120 controls) (p=0.025). On 16 occasions, labour was premature (10 among cases and 6 among controls) (p=0.007). In total, the difficulties in delivery were significantly more numerous among the cases than among the controls (p=0.009), at least in the population studied the presence of vaginosis in the second trimester of the ME was significantly associated with PB delivery and/or LBWI.

A vaginose bacteriana (VB) é uma síndrome produzida pelo desequilíbrio da microbiota vaginal normal, comum em mulheres em idade fértil, incluindo mulheres grávidas (MG). Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer a prevalência de VB no segundo trimestre da gravidez na população estudada e seu impacto na produção de nascimentos prematuros (NP) e/ou com baixo peso ao nascer (BPN). Um estudo retrospectivo e comparativo de casos e controles de 315 ME com e sem vaginose foi realizado no segundo trimestre de gravidez entre 2009 e 2016. Os casos afetados por VB (estágio IV) foram considerados “casos”, e “controles” aqueles que exibíam uma microbiota habitual (estagio I). Vinte por cento dos MG apresentaram VB (estagio IV), 16 BPN foram registrados (11 entre 62 casos e 5 entre 120 controles) (p=0,025). Em 16 ocasiões, o parto foi prematuro (10 entre os casos e 6 entre os controles) (p=0,007). No total, as dificuldades no parto foram significativamente mais numerosas entre os casos do que entre os controles (p=0,009). Pelo menos na população estudada a presença de vaginose no segundo trimestre das MG foi significativamente aos à PN e/ou BPN.

Emergence of metallo-ß-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae from Argentina.

Carbapenem susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae (M9921, M9959) revealed the presence of MBLs bla(VIM-2) (M9959) and bla(IMP-8) (M9921), both as first cassettes of class-1-integrons. ESBL bla(PER-2) was detected in both strains and M9921 also harboured qnrB10, aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-Ib-cr. This is the first report of MBLs in Enterobacteriaceae from Argentina.

Detección y caracterización de Streptococcus agalactiae en muestras para urocultivo / Detection and characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae in urinary samples for culture

La frecuencia de los aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae en el laboratorio clínico es cada vez mayor. Dada su importancia como patógeno, fundamentalmente relacionado a infecciones del tracto urinario, sepsis neonatal y puerperal, se hace necesario mejorar los métodos de detección. El presente trabajo pretende estudiar la frecuencia de los aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae en muestras para urocultivo con especial atención en las pacientes embarazadas. Se evaluaron 17.160 aislamientos durante un período de dos años, tanto de pacientes ambulatorios como de internados, aislándose Streptococcus agalactiae en 170 muestras (1 por ciento). Con agar sangre de carnero como medio de aislamiento se logró aumentar la sensibilidad en la detección de este microorganismo al considerar la presencia de colonias beta hemolíticas en las muestras de pacientes embarazadas aún en bajas concentraciones. Sobre un total de 4.868 muestras provenientes de embarazadas se obtuvieron 107 aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae que corresponden al 2,2 por ciento. De esta forma, pudo detectarse un gran número de pacientes portadoras y prevenir efectivamente los riesgos potenciales. Sobre 88 aislamientos se ensayó la sensibilidad a diferentes agentes antimicrobianos, y pudo observarse una sensibilidad conservada a los agentes beta-lactámicos y una buena respuesta a los tratamientos instaurados (AU)

Detección y caracterización de Streptococcus agalactiae en muestras para urocultivo / Detection and characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae in urinary samples for culture

La frecuencia de los aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae en el laboratorio clínico es cada vez mayor. Dada su importancia como patógeno, fundamentalmente relacionado a infecciones del tracto urinario, sepsis neonatal y puerperal, se hace necesario mejorar los métodos de detección. El presente trabajo pretende estudiar la frecuencia de los aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae en muestras para urocultivo con especial atención en las pacientes embarazadas. Se evaluaron 17.160 aislamientos durante un período de dos años, tanto de pacientes ambulatorios como de internados, aislándose Streptococcus agalactiae en 170 muestras (1 por ciento). Con agar sangre de carnero como medio de aislamiento se logró aumentar la sensibilidad en la detección de este microorganismo al considerar la presencia de colonias beta hemolíticas en las muestras de pacientes embarazadas aún en bajas concentraciones. Sobre un total de 4.868 muestras provenientes de embarazadas se obtuvieron 107 aislamientos de Streptococcus agalactiae que corresponden al 2,2 por ciento. De esta forma, pudo detectarse un gran número de pacientes portadoras y prevenir efectivamente los riesgos potenciales. Sobre 88 aislamientos se ensayó la sensibilidad a diferentes agentes antimicrobianos, y pudo observarse una sensibilidad conservada a los agentes beta-lactámicos y una buena respuesta a los tratamientos instaurados

[Efficacy of biocides against hospital isolates of Staphylococcus sensitive and resistant to methicillin, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina]. / Eficacia de algunos biocidas contra estafilococos hospitalarios sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina en la provencia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the response to the action of different antiseptics and disinfectants usually used in Argentinian hospitals of hospital staphylococci sensitive and resistant to methicillin. To test the effectiveness of the biocides by measuring their effective bactericidal concentrations, and to determine whether there is any correlation between biocide resistance and methicillin resistance in this bacterial population. METHODS: The action of seven biocides was tested against 25 strains of nosocomial Staphylococcus spp. sensitive and resistant to methicillin, and in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Hospital strains were obtained from April, 2000 to May, 2002, from clinical samples (blood culture, urine culture, catheter tip or abscess) from male and female inpatients and outpatients at two tertiary hospitals. After isolation, antibiotic sensitivity was tested with the agar diffusion method of Kirby and Bauer. The action of hospital biocides on the strains was studied with the Kelsey-Sykes test, which establishes the effective bactericide concentrations of these compounds. RESULTS: The results showed that the response of strains sensitive and resistant to methicillin varied in comparison to the collection strain. Chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone iodine, weak tincture of iodine and alkaline glutaraldehyde were effective against most strains, regardless of whether they were sensitive or resistant to methicillin. CONCLUSIONS: We found no indication of a relationship between resistance to methicillin and resistance to biocides. Our study shows that further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical agents against microorganisms that have been exposed to antibiotic therapies.

Eficacia de algunos biocidas contra estafilococos hospitalarios sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Efficacy of biocides against hospital isolates of Staphylococcus sensitive and resistant to methicillin, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar cómo responden los estafilococos hospitalarios sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina ante la acción de diferentes antisépticos y desinfectantes empleados habitualmente en los hospitales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Demostrar la eficacia de esas sustancias mediante la determinación de sus concentraciones bactericidas eficaces, así como analizar si existe correlación entre la resistencia a biocidas y la resistencia a la meticilina en esta población bacteriana. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la acción de siete biocidas con 25 cepas de estafilococos nosocomiales sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina y una cepa de colección, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Las cepas hospitalarias provienen de dos hospitales de máxima complejidad y fueron obtenidas, durante los meses de abril de 2000 a mayo de 2002, de muestras clínicas (hemocultivo, urocultivo, punta de catéter y abceso) pertenecientes a pacientes de ambos sexos, internados y ambulatorios. Después del aislamiento de dichas cepas, determinamos la sensibilidad a antibióticos mediante el método de difusión en agar de Kirby y Bauer. Para estudiar la acción de los biocidas de uso hospitalario sobre estas cepas, empleamos el ensayo de Kelsey-Sykes, que permite establecer las concentraciones bactericidas eficaces de tales compuestos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que la respuesta de las cepas hospitalarias resistentes y sensibles a la meticilina varía con respecto a la cepa de colección. El digluconato de clorhexidina, la yodopovidona, la tintura de yodo débil y el glutaraldehído alcalino fueron eficaces contra la mayoría de las cepas, independientemente de su resistencia o sensibilidad a los antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES: Estas evaluaciones no indican ninguna asociación entre la resistencia a la meticilina y la resistencia a los biocidas evaluados. Asimismo, apuntan a la necesidad de seguir investigando para valorar la eficacia de los agentes químicos contra los microorganismos que han sido expuestos a antibióticos.

Estudo de condições de saúde bucal da população da região dos vales do Rio Grande do Sul / Study about the conditions of oral health in the population of valley area in Rio Grande do Sul

Descreve-se um estudo transversal de saúde bucal na população da região dos vales do RS. O estudo limitou-se às faixas etárias de 15-19 anos, 35-45 anos e 65-74 anos. A seleção aleatória da amostra foi composta de duas estratificações...

Inspeçäo analítica dos constituintes do leite tipo B em Belo Horizonte, 1980 / Analytical inspection of high quality milk constituents type B in Belo Horizonte, 1980

O leite tipo B foi analisado na plataforma da Cooperativa Central dos Produtores Rurais (CCPR) em Belo Horizonte, durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 1980. Constatou-se uma constante produçäo e uniforme composiçäo em sólidos totais e desengordurados, prova da acidez e densidade. Houve uma queda maior para a porcentagem de gordura e grande variaçäo para a condenaçäo pela prova de cloretos. A redutase exibiu melhores resultados no inverno, caindo posteriormente na estaçäo da primavera sendo as causas possíveis, o manejo do leite e as condiçöes higiênico-sanitárias na fonte produtora.