Study of Salmonella spp. from Cage Papers Belonging to Pet Birds in an Argentinean Canary Breeder Championship.

Birds, including canaries and other birds, have become increasingly popular as pets. Bird fairs, where breeders gather and show their production in a championship setting, present a setting for possible Salmonella spp. contamination and transmission. Therefore, this study estimated the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers, located in the bottom of cages of exotic pet birds, including canaries. Collected Salmonella isolates were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to 52 antibiotics and 17 commercial disinfectants, based on pure or a mixture of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkalis, halogens, peroxygen, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The samples consisted of 774 cage papers taken in the 2015 Argentinean canary breeder championship, pooling three cage papers into one sterile sampling bag. Only one pool of the cage papers was positive for Salmonella spp. (0.4%), which belonged to the sample from three frill canary cages. Two strains of Salmonella serotype Glostrup were isolated, which were only resistant to sulfonamides and erythromycin and sensitive to alkali-based product PL301 AS. Although the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers in an Argentinean canary breeder championship is low, it should not be discounted because Salmonella ser. Glostrup can be a source of human Salmonella outbreaks and they show high resistance to disinfecting products.

Genomics of the Argentinian cholera epidemic elucidate the contrasting dynamics of epidemic and endemic Vibrio cholerae.

In order to control and eradicate epidemic cholera, we need to understand how epidemics begin, how they spread, and how they decline and eventually end. This requires extensive sampling of epidemic disease over time, alongside the background of endemic disease that may exist concurrently with the epidemic. The unique circumstances surrounding the Argentinian cholera epidemic of 1992-1998 presented an opportunity to do this. Here, we use 490 Argentinian V. cholerae genome sequences to characterise the variation within, and between, epidemic and endemic V. cholerae. We show that, during the 1992-1998 cholera epidemic, the invariant epidemic clone co-existed alongside highly diverse members of the Vibrio cholerae species in Argentina, and we contrast the clonality of epidemic V. cholerae with the background diversity of local endemic bacteria. Our findings refine and add nuance to our genomic definitions of epidemic and endemic cholera, and are of direct relevance to controlling current and future cholera epidemics.

[Shigelosis outbreak in the city of Lujan, Argentina]. / Brote de shigelosis en la ciudad de Luján, Argentina.

The aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of Shigella sonnei that occurred in the city of Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in July 2012. Five individuals were affected after eating a hand-made Viennese-style pastry at a family gathering. All of them presented with fever, joint pain, chills and non-bloody diarrhea containing mucus. Stool cultures were performed in all cases and the samples taken from the pastry ingredients were analyzed microbiologically. S.sonnei was isolated and identified in all the patients involved as well as in the almond cream filling. The isolates were analyzed for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic profiles by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed the genetic relationship among the isolates, confirming that the cases occurred due to the patients' exposure to the same source of infection, i.e., the almond cream. Being the almond cream an industrially-manufactured ingredient, an initial contamination could have been unlikely; however contamination might have occurred as a result of manipulation in the bakery.

Brote de shigelosis en la ciudad de Luján, Argentina / Shigelosis outbreak in the city of Lujan, Argentina

El objetivo del estudio fue describir un brote por Shigella sonnei ocurrido en julio de 2012 en Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Estuvieron afectadas 5 personas que asistieron a una reunión familiar, donde consumieron una rosca vienesa de elaboración artesanal adquirida en un comercio. Todos presentaron fiebre, dolores articulares, escalofríos y diarrea no sanguinolenta con mucus. Se realizaron coprocultivos en los afectados y análisis microbiológicos de los ingredientes. Se aisló y caracterizó S.sonnei de todos los pacientes y de la crema de almendras empleada en la preparación de la rosca vienesa. A los aislamientos se les determinó el perfil de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y el genético por electroforesis en campo pulsado. Los resultados demostraron la relación genética de los aislamientos, y esto confirmó la ocurrencia de los casos por exposición a una misma fuente de infección, la crema de almendras. Al ser un ingrediente industrial, de improbable contaminación inicial, la crema de almendras podría haber sufrido una contaminación durante la manipulación en la panadería

The aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of Shigella sonnei that occurred in the city of Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in July 2012. Five individuals were affected after eating a handmade Viennese-style pastry at a family gathering. All of them presented with fever, joint pain, chills and non-bloody diarrhea containing mucus. Stool cultures were performed in all cases and the samples taken from the pastry ingredients were analyzed microbiologically. S.sonnei was isolated and identified in all the patients involved as well as in the almond cream filling. The isolates were analyzed for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic profiles by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed the genetic relationship among the isolates, confirming that the cases occurred due to the patients' exposure to the same source of infection, i.e., the almond cream. Being the almond cream an industrially-manufactured ingredient, an initial contamination could have been unlikely; however contamination might have occurred as a result of manipulation in the bakery

Diagnosis of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) that had suddenly died in a commercial farm located in La Plata City, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in July 2012 were macroscopically, histopathologically, and microbiologically examined. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, kidneys and intestines from each of the five animals evaluated. The five strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalotin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to tetracycline. Each of the five S. Typhimurium isolates was analyzed by XbaI- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), showing an identical electrophoretic profile with 15 defined bands, which was found to be identical to pattern ARJPXX01.0220 of the PulseNet Argentine National database of Salmonella PFGE patterns. This is the first work describing the postmortem diagnosis of an outbreak of salmonellosis in chinchillas by using molecular methods such as PFGE.

Diagnóstico de un brote de Salmonella Typhimurium en Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) mediante la electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado / Diagnosis of an autbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-fiel gel electrophoresis

Empleando estudios anatomopatológicos y microbiológicos se examinó a un grupo de chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) adultas que murieron súbitamente en 2012 en una granja de la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se aisló Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) del hígado, el bazo, el corazón, los pulmones, los riñones y los intestinos de los cinco animales evaluados. Los cinco aislamientos estudiados (uno por animal) fueron sensibles a ampicilina, cefalotina, cefotaxima, ácido nalidíxico, gentamicina, estreptomicina, cloranfenicol, fosfomicina, nitrofurantoína y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, y resistentes a tetraciclina. El análisis de dichos aislamientos por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado [pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)] con XbaI mostró un perfil electroforético idéntico con 15 bandas, idéntico a su vez al patrón ARJPXX01.0220 del banco nacional argentino de datos de PulseNet, que cuenta con patrones de PFGE de Salmonella. El presente trabajo describe por primera vez el diagnóstico postmortem de un brote de salmonelosis en chinchillas usando un método molecular, como la electroforesis en gel en campo pulsado

Adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) that had suddenly died in a commercial farm located in La Plata City, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in July 2012 were macroscopically, histopathologically, and microbiologically examined. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, kidneys and intestines from each of the five animals evaluated. The five strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalotin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and resistant to tetracycline. Each of the five S. Typhimurium isolates was analyzed by XbaI- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), showing an identical electrophoretic profile with 15 defined bands, which was found to be identical to pattern ARJPXX01.0220 of the PulseNet Argentine National database of Salmonella PFGE patterns. This is the first work describing the postmortem diagnosis of an outbreak of salmonellosis in chinchillas by using molecular methods such as PFGE

Diagnosis of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. / Diagnosis of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) that had suddenly died in a commercial farm located in La Plata City, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in July 2012 were macroscopically, histopathologically, and microbiologically examined. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, kidneys and intestines from each of the five animals evaluated. The five strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalotin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to tetracycline. Each of the five S. Typhimurium isolates was analyzed by XbaI- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), showing an identical electrophoretic profile with 15 defined bands, which was found to be identical to pattern ARJPXX01.0220 of the PulseNet Argentine National database of Salmonella PFGE patterns. This is the first work describing the postmortem diagnosis of an outbreak of salmonellosis in chinchillas by using molecular methods such as PFGE.

Laboratory-based prospective surveillance for community outbreaks of Shigella spp. in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: To implement effective control measures, timely outbreak detection is essential. Shigella is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in Argentina. Highly resistant clones of Shigella have emerged, and outbreaks have been recognized in closed settings and in whole communities. We hereby report our experience with an evolving, integrated, laboratory-based, near real-time surveillance system operating in six contiguous provinces of Argentina during April 2009 to March 2012. METHODOLOGY: To detect localized shigellosis outbreaks timely, we used the prospective space-time permutation scan statistic algorithm of SaTScan, embedded in WHONET software. Twenty three laboratories sent updated Shigella data on a weekly basis to the National Reference Laboratory. Cluster detection analysis was performed at several taxonomic levels: for all Shigella spp., for serotypes within species and for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes within species. Shigella isolates associated with statistically significant signals (clusters in time/space with recurrence interval ≥365 days) were subtyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using PulseNet protocols. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In three years of active surveillance, our system detected 32 statistically significant events, 26 of them identified before hospital staff was aware of any unexpected increase in the number of Shigella isolates. Twenty-six signals were investigated by PFGE, which confirmed a close relationship among the isolates for 22 events (84.6%). Seven events were investigated epidemiologically, which revealed links among the patients. Seventeen events were found at the resistance profile level. The system detected events of public health importance: infrequent resistance profiles, long-lasting and/or re-emergent clusters and events important for their duration or size, which were reported to local public health authorities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The WHONET-SaTScan system may serve as a model for surveillance and can be applied to other pathogens, implemented by other networks, and scaled up to national and international levels for early detection and control of outbreaks.

Isolation of Salmonella spp. from yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) and broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) from the Argentine Chaco.

Presence of Salmonella spp. was evaluated in yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) and broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) from a ranching facility in the Argentine Chaco. Crocodilian ranching programs are based on captive breeding of wild-harvested eggs and release of excess hatchlings into the wild. Samples for bacterial isolation were collected from 102 captive (35 C. yacare and 67 C. latirostris) and seven free-ranging caiman (four C. yacare and three C. latirositris) between 2001 and 2005 and from three artificially incubated C. yacare wild eggs. Two Salmonella spp. of known zoonotic potential, S. infantis and S. nottingham, were isolated from captive caiman in 2001 and 2002, respectively. This is the first report for S. nottingham in reptiles and of S. infantis in caiman. Salmonella spp. prevalence varied significantly between years, with a 77% prevalence peak in 2002. Although the cause of this increase was not confirmed, we found no correlation with the type of enclosure, caiman species, or body weight. Deteriorated physical condition of caiman hatchlings due to dietary changes in 2002 could have influenced Salmonella spp. shedding. However, external sources such as food, water, or enclosures could not be ruled out. Pathogenic Salmonella spp. present a risk for human infection. Inadvertent introduction of Salmonella spp. or other bacteria into the environment when caiman are released could pose a threat to wild caiman populations. Prophylactic measures to detect and decrease Salmonella spp. presence in caiman ranching facilities are recommended to reduce risk to humans and make caiman-ranching a sound conservation strategy for crocodilian species.

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from dead blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna).

Two blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) chicks died of fatal salmonellosis in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The birds were histopathologically and microbiologically examined. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, and intestine of both birds. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The XbaI-PFGE profile of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from the two animals, which shared the same cage, was identical and showed a unique pattern compared with 301 isolates included in the PulseNet national database of Salmonella pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. This is the first report that describes fatal cases of salmonellosis from blue and gold macaws.

Salmonelosis extraintestinal: clínica, epidemiología y resistencia antimicrobiana / Salmonella extraintestinal infection: clinic features, epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance

Se evaluaron retrospectivamente las características clínicas de 59 pacientes con aislamientos extraintestinales de Salmonella enterica no Typhi y la resistencia antibiótica entre 1988 y 2004. En el 95% de los casos se conocieron las condiciones de base del huésped que consistieron en: enfermedad oncohematológica (15), lupus eritematoso sistémico (11), síndrome de inmuno deficiencia adquirida (10), pacientes internados en neonatología (8), colecistitis (4) y otras (7). Las formas clínicas halladas fueron: bacteriemias primarias (26), bacteriemias secundarias a gastroenteritis (15), artritis séptica (7), infección urinaria (12), infección intraabdominal (5), meningitis (1) y pericarditis (1). En 29 pacientes se aisló Salmonella enterica no Typhi en más de una localización. El 15,8% y el 21,0% de 59 aislamientos presentaron resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3ª generación y a ampicilina, respectivamente. Salmonella Agona causó un brote epidémico en la sala de cuidados intensivos de neonatología, aislándose de sangre en 5 pacientes y en uno también de LCR. Este serotipo fue multirresistente. Imipenem, trimetroprima-sulfometoxazol y ciprofloxacina fueron los antibióticos más activos (CIM 50: 0,5; 0,5 y 0,002 µg/mL, respectivamente).

The clinical and antimicrobial resistance of 59 patients with extraintestinal infection by nontyphi Salmonella was retrospectively evaluated from 1988 to 2004. In 95% of the patients there were underlying diseases, which included: oncohematologic disease (15), systemic lupus erythematosus (11), acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) (10), patients of neonatal units (8), colecistitis (4), and other disorders (7). The clinical manifestation were primary bacteremias (26), bacteremias secondary to gastroenteritis (15), arthritis (7), urinary tract infections (12), abdominal infections (5), meningitis (1) and pericarditis (1). In 29 patients Salmonella enterica no Typhi was isolated in more than one site. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins was observed in 15,8 % of these isolates, and resistance to ampicillin in 21,0%. Salmonella Agona was isolated from an outbreak in neonatal ICU; the organism was recovered from blood samples of five neonates and in one patient also isolated from CSF. These isolates showed multiresistance. Imipenem, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol and ciprofloxacin were the three most active antimicrobial agents (MIC 50: 0.5, 0.5 and 0.002 µg/mL, respectively).

Evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella serovars from 1984 to 1998 in Argentina.

Molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid Salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in Argentina from 1984 to 1998. In 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of Tn3, Tn9, class I (In0) and II (Tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-IIa gene. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in Salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one ESC and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. Among these, two patterns of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were found: from 1989 to 1992, resistance was related to the spreading of Tn1331 and bla(CTX-M-2), in addition to the persistence of In0 and Tn7. From 1993 to 1998, several integrons were added to the first pattern and three integron groups (IG), namely, IG1 (38% of the isolates), IG2 (51%), and IG3 (11%), were identified. At least two beta-lactamase genes were detected in 65% of the isolates (after 1989) by PCR analysis. Furthermore, five beta-lactamase genes, bla(CTX-M-(2)), bla(OXA-9), bla(OXA-2), bla(TEM-1), and bla(PER-2), were found in two isolates. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was found in several complex sulI-type integrons with different rearrays within the variable region of class I integrons, suggesting evolution of these integrons in nontyphoid Salmonella. In conclusion, progressive acquisition and accumulation of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants occurred from 1984 to 1998 in nontyphoid Salmonella isolates of the most prevalent serovars from Argentina. It is suggested that antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in these bacteria may have been the consequence of plasmid exchange between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli or Shigella flexneri and/or spreading of mobile elements from the nosocomial environment.

Drug Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Chicken Carcasses.

The antibiotic resistance profiles and transferable R factors of Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from 104 broiler carcasses taken from one processing plant were determined. Carcasses were sampled after immersion chilling. All samples were transported iced and immediately analyzed upon arrival to the laboratory. The resistance patterns of isolates to 12 antibiotics were determined (i.e., ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, trim-ethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, neomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, colistin, and nitrofurantoin). Isolates resistant to one or more antibiotics were utilized as donors of resistance to completely antibiotic-sensitive strains, an E. coli K-12, F-, J5, azide-resistant strain and a Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. Transfer of the different R plasmids was confirmed by the determination of the resistance patterns of the transconjugants. Of the 93 Salmonella and 71 E. coli strains isolated from these samples, the largest numbers were resistant to tetracycline (52.7% and 49.3%), sulfisoxazole (45.2% and 42.3%), and streptomycin (37.6% and 39.4%). Large percentages of the Salmonella (33.3%) and the E. coli (30.0%) strains transferred all or part of their resistance to E. coli K-12 in mixed cultures. Great variation was observed between different strains in the frequency at which they transferred resistance. Resistance to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin was found to be conferred by 31.7%, 29.8%, and 21.6% of the 19 R factors identified. No transfer of resistance to nalidixic acid, gentamicin, cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, and chloramphenicol was detected. When 30 antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains were cultured with a sensitive strain of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis,7 (23.3%) of the resistant strains were found capable of transferring R factors. Only 2 (6.7%) of the resistant strains could transfer R factors and unusual ß-galactosidase activity.

Serovariedades de Salmonella em águas superficiais em San Luís, Argentina / Salmonella serotypes from surface waters in San Luis, Argentina

Resumo: Foi investigada a presença de Smonella em amostras de água colhidas pela técnica de Moore, em rios e açudes, durante um ano. Realizau-se um pré-enriquecimento em água peptomada tamponada e um enriquecimento em caldo tetrationato-verde brilhante com caldo Rappaport. Isolou-se em 0gar verde brilhantre com desoxicolato de sódio a 0,25 (por cento) e em ágar sulfito de bismuto. As colônias suspeitas foram estrudadas mediante provas bioqu1micas clássicas e sorológicas. Recuperou-se Salmonella em 6,66 (por cento) das amostras. Isolou-se S. panama, S. newport, S. sandiego e Salmonella sub-espécie IV, 40: Z4, Z23: esta última serovariedade constitui o primeiro isolamento na Argentina. Determinou-se o antibiograma pelo método de Kirby-Bauer. As 15 cepas isoladas foram sensíveis a trimetroprima-sulfametoxazol, gentamicina, tetraciclina, cloranfenicol, kamamicina e ácido nalidíxico, quanto à carbenicilina, 6 cepas foram resistentes, 7 mostraram sensibilidade intermediária e só 2 foram sensíveis. -Foram determinados perfis plasmídicos pela técnica de Birnboin e dOLY. Os pesos moleculares (PM) dos plasmídeos em megadaltons (MDa) foram determinados por comparaçäo com plasmídeos de PM conhecidos. Foram detectados plasmídeos de PM 40 MDa em S. newpot e de PM 17 MDa em S. sandiego. Seria de interesse a determinaçäo sistemática de marcadores epidemiológicos em surtos e casos esporádicos de salmonelose com o fim de estabelecer sua distribuiçäo geográfica na zona estudada da província de San Luis, assim como também a necessidade de uma vigilância microbiológica das águas superficiais e a implementaçäo de tratamentos de depuraçäo de águas cloacais adequadois antes de serem despejadas nos cursos de água (au)

Investigación de bacterias del género Yersinia en pollos destinados al consumo y en alimento balanceado para aves / Bacteria of the genus Yersinia in chickens for human consumption and in balanced bird food

Se ha investigado la presencia de bacterias del género Yersinia en 50 muestras de pollo faenados destinados al consumo y en 65 muestras de alimento balanceado para aves. Se enriquecieron en solución de buffer de fosfatos 0,067 M pH 7,6 en NaCl 0,145 M (PBS) a 4 -C durante 21 días. El post-enriquecimiento se realizó con KOK al 0,5%. Los aislamientos se hicieron sobre agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS) y agar MacConkey (MC). Las colonias sospechosas se sembraron en triple azúcar hierro (TSI). Las colonias se purificaron a través de pruebas bioquímicas, serológicas y de fagotipia. De las muestras de pollo se aisló Y. enterocolítica en un 10% con las siguientes biovar (B), serovar (O) y fagovar (Lis): B:1,0:6,47, Lis Xz; B:1, 0:6, Lis Xz; y B:1,0:5, Lis Xz; Y. intermedia en un 40%, B:1,0:52,Lis Xz y B:1,0:52,53,54,Lis Xz (NRA, nitrato reductasa de tipo A); Y. frederiksenii en un 4%, 0:10, K1,25,35,38,46, Lis Xz (citrato +) y 0:10,K1,25,35,38,46,Lis Xz (ONPG -: citrato +); Y kristensenii en un 2%, no aglutinable, Lis Xo. Del alimento balanceado para aves no se aisló Yersinia spp. todas las cepas fueron negativas a las pruebas de dependencia del calcio para el crecimiento y autoaglutinación a 37 -C indicandola ausencia de plasmidios de virulencia. También fueron negativas a la prueba de Sereny. Cuatro cepas fueron enterotoxina positivas. De los resultados obtendios se concluye que las cepas de Yersinia aisladas a partir de pollos no significan un riesgo para la salud

Investigación de bacterias del género Yersinia en pollos destinados al consumo y en alimento balanceado para aves / Bacteria of the genus Yersinia in chickens for human consumption and in balanced bird food

Se ha investigado la presencia de bacterias del género Yersinia en 50 muestras de pollo faenados destinados al consumo y en 65 muestras de alimento balanceado para aves. Se enriquecieron en solución de buffer de fosfatos 0,067 M pH 7,6 en NaCl 0,145 M (PBS) a 4 -C durante 21 días. El post-enriquecimiento se realizó con KOK al 0,5%. Los aislamientos se hicieron sobre agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS) y agar MacConkey (MC). Las colonias sospechosas se sembraron en triple azúcar hierro (TSI). Las colonias se purificaron a través de pruebas bioquímicas, serológicas y de fagotipia. De las muestras de pollo se aisló Y. enterocolítica en un 10% con las siguientes biovar (B), serovar (O) y fagovar (Lis): B:1,0:6,47, Lis Xz; B:1, 0:6, Lis Xz; y B:1,0:5, Lis Xz; Y. intermedia en un 40%, B:1,0:52,Lis Xz y B:1,0:52,53,54,Lis Xz (NRA, nitrato reductasa de tipo A); Y. frederiksenii en un 4%, 0:10, K1,25,35,38,46, Lis Xz (citrato +) y 0:10,K1,25,35,38,46,Lis Xz (ONPG -: citrato +); Y kristensenii en un 2%, no aglutinable, Lis Xo. Del alimento balanceado para aves no se aisló Yersinia spp. todas las cepas fueron negativas a las pruebas de dependencia del calcio para el crecimiento y autoaglutinación a 37 -C indicandola ausencia de plasmidios de virulencia. También fueron negativas a la prueba de Sereny. Cuatro cepas fueron enterotoxina positivas. De los resultados obtendios se concluye que las cepas de Yersinia aisladas a partir de pollos no significan un riesgo para la salud (AU)

Importancia de la Salmonella enteritidis en brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en Argentina, años 1986 - 1988 / Significance of Salmonella enteritidis in outbreaks of diseases transmitted by foods in Argentina, 1986 - 1988

La presente comunicación informa los brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos producidos por Salmonella Enteritidis, que ocurrieron en la Argentina entre 1986 y 1988. Del total de 39 episodios registrados, se estudiaron 210 cepas aisladas de heces humanas (28 brotes) y 59 de alimentos (23 brotes). Fueron afectadas más de 2.500 personas en distintas provincias, caracterizándose el cuadro clínicos por la gravedad de los síntomas (fiebre, vómitos, diarreas y gran deshidratación). La principal fuente de infección se relacionó con huevos crudos, consumidos en forma de mayonesa artesanal. Se consdiera necesario realizar un efectivo control de los productos aviarios, así como una permanente vigilancia de la salmonellosis (AU)

Importancia de la Salmonella enteritidis en brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en Argentina, años 1986 - 1988 / Significance of Salmonella enteritidis in outbreaks of diseases transmitted by foods in Argentina, 1986 - 1988

La presente comunicación informa los brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos producidos por Salmonella Enteritidis, que ocurrieron en la Argentina entre 1986 y 1988. Del total de 39 episodios registrados, se estudiaron 210 cepas aisladas de heces humanas (28 brotes) y 59 de alimentos (23 brotes). Fueron afectadas más de 2.500 personas en distintas provincias, caracterizándose el cuadro clínicos por la gravedad de los síntomas (fiebre, vómitos, diarreas y gran deshidratación). La principal fuente de infección se relacionó con huevos crudos, consumidos en forma de mayonesa artesanal. Se consdiera necesario realizar un efectivo control de los productos aviarios, así como una permanente vigilancia de la salmonellosis

Primeros aislamientos de Salmonella Zaimam en humanos / 1st isolations of Salmonella Zaiman in humans

Se comunican los tres primeros casos de Salmonella Zaiman en niños mayores de un año, afectados de idarrea aguda infecciosa de menos de siete días de evolución, internados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital R. Madariaga de la ciudad de Posadas, Misiones. Además, esta serovariedad se aisló por hemocultivo de una niña de 11 años con infección urinaria y sepsis. Esta Salmonella es una nueva serovariedad aislada del arroyo Zaiman que recorre zonas suburbanas de Posadas (AU)

Primeros aislamientos de Salmonella Zaimam en humanos / 1st isolations of Salmonella Zaiman in humans

Se comunican los tres primeros casos de Salmonella Zaiman en niños mayores de un año, afectados de idarrea aguda infecciosa de menos de siete días de evolución, internados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital R. Madariaga de la ciudad de Posadas, Misiones. Además, esta serovariedad se aisló por hemocultivo de una niña de 11 años con infección urinaria y sepsis. Esta Salmonella es una nueva serovariedad aislada del arroyo Zaiman que recorre zonas suburbanas de Posadas