Análisis del estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayoreshospitalizados por COVID-19 en unidades de cuidadosintensivos, Perú, 2020 / Analysis of nutritional status in older adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in intensive care units, Perú, 2020

Introducción: El estado nutricional es un indicador del estado de salud y es un elemento de resistencia del organismo frente a enfermedades intercurrentes, incluyendo la COVID-19. Objetivo: Analizar el estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados en UCI diagnosticados de COVID-19. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre los meses abril y mayo de 2020. Se determinó y comparó el estado nutricional de un grupo de 83 pacientes adultos mayores con COVID-19. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y t-student, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Aproximadamente el 42,2% de los pacientes presentaban exceso de peso corporal. La anemia (46,9% vs. 9,8%, p < 0,001) y el riesgo de sarcopenia (45,7% vs. 33,3%, p = 0,011) fueron mayores en las mujeres en comparación a los hombres que presentaban COVID-19. También, los niveles de urea fueron significativamente más bajos en los pacientes con desnutrición en comparación con aquellos que no presentaban desnutrición (37,9 mg/dL vs. 44,1 mg/dL, p = 0,020). Del mismo modo, se encontró que la concentración de leucocitos estuvo más baja en los pacientes con COVID-19 que presentaban desnutrición 9,6 WBC (x10g

Background: Nutritional status is an indicator of healthstatus and an element of the body’s resistance to intercurrentdiseases, including COVID-19.Objective: To analyze the nutritional status in hospitalizedolder adult ICU patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in aNational Hospital in Metropolitan Lima during the months of April and May 2020. The nutritional status of a group of 83older adult patients with COVID-19 was determined and com-pared. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-stu-dent tests, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Approximately 42.2% of the patients had ex-cess body weight. Anemia (46.9% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001)and risk of sarcopenia (45.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.011) werehigher in women compared to men presenting COVID-19.Furthermore, urea levels were significantly lower in patientswith malnutrition compared to those without malnutrition(37.9 mg/dL vs. 44.1 mg/dL, p = 0.020). Similarly, leuko-cyte concentration was found to be lower in COVID-19 pa-tients with malnutrition 9.6 WBC (x10g

Psychometric evaluation and invariance of the Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener (BFS-E) in university students.

Introduction: University students constantly face a number of health challenges related to an unhealthy diet, characterized by a high intake of saturated fats. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener (BFS-E) food frequency questionnaire in a university population. Methods: An observational analytical study of instrumental type was carried out in 5608 Peruvian university students. Based on the Block Fat Screener questionnaire, a back-translation and cultural adaptation process was carried out. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hypothesizing a unidimensional structure. For the determination of reliability, the alpha coefficients were considered; likewise, the ω and H coefficients were used to evaluate the construct. The model explained 63% of the cumulative variance. Results: The CFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the 16-item questionnaire with appropriate goodness-of-fit indicators; therefore, which model of the Peruvian version adequately fits the observed data. The values of the reliability coefficients were higher than 0.90, with ordinal α = 0.94, ω = 0.94, and H = 0.95. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener food frequency questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties and is therefore a valid scale to quickly measure fat intake in university students in a Latin American context.

Body Self-Perception, Dietary Self-Efficacy, and Body Mass Index in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Body self-perception and dietary self-efficacy may represent an important factor in the prevention of excess body weight. Purpose: This study evaluated body self-perception, dietary self-efficacy, and body mass index (BMI) in the Peruvian population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 190 men and 210 women. Each participant was shown 9 Stunkard anatomical silhouettes corresponding to BMI values. The results obtained were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. The Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) was also applied. Chi-square statistic, Kruskal-Wallis, Student t-test, and ANOVA were used to explore differences in means and proportions. Results: Age was significantly higher in those who underestimated their weight and who were dissatisfied with their body (p = 0.000). BMI was higher in men, most were dissatisfied with their body (p<0.05), and were more likely to underestimate their weight compared to women (p = 0.000). Those participants who were dissatisfied with their body and who underestimated their weight were more likely to have an elevated BMI compared to those who were satisfied and who did not underestimate their weight. All participants had low dietary self-efficacy (LDSE), with a little higher proportion in men compared to women (62.6% vs 61.4%). The majority (45.9%) reported little confidence to resist high-calorie food temptations. More than half of the participants reported body dissatisfaction and LDSE, this was more frequent in men compared to women. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and implement preventive measures to improve self-perception of the body, taking into account factors such as gender, age, and eating habits.

Association Between Emotional Eating, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Mental and Physical Health in Young Adults.

Background: Emotional eating (EmE) is one of the most common eating behaviors maladaptive among young adults, however, in the Peruvian context, it remains unexplored. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 400 young Peruvian adults living in three regions of Peru (coast, jungle, and highlands). An online survey was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, anxiety, hypertension, and negative EmE. In addition, self-reported anthropometric data were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). Results: Approximately 55.8% of women presented negative EmE. Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants aged 30-39 years were less likely to have negative EmE in both female and male gender, OR; 0.24, 95% CI; 0.08-0.66, p<0.01 and OR; 0.40, 95% CI; 0.16-0.97, p<0.05, respectively. Perform physical activity 3 to 4 times 5.22 (95% CI: 1.31-20.78), 1 to 2 times a week 5.77 (95% CI: 1.91-17.44), and never 15.18 (95% CI: 3.90-59.00) were associated with negative EmE. Moreover, sleeping less than 7 hours per day (OR; 2.26, 95% CI; 1.04-4.90), depressive symptoms (OR = 6.29, 95% CI: 1.27-31.19), anxiety (OR = 14.13, 95% CI: 2.46-80. 97, p<0.01), hypertension (OR = 7.58, 95% CI: 1.24-46.17), and BMI ≥25 (overweight/obese) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.66-3.41) were associated with negative EmE. Conclusion: The findings show that there is an association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults.

Association Between Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Regimen, and Excess Body Weight in Primary School Teachers.

Introduction: Peru is one of the developing countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America and Caribbean region. Primary school teachers are identified as a high-risk group for overweight and obesity. However, studies conducted in this population group are limited. This study evaluated the association between nutritional knowledge, dietary regimen, and excess body weight in primary school teachers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 151 teachers from two state schools in the eastern region of Lima, Peru. The level of nutritional knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Dietary regimen was also determined. The body mass index (BMI) was determined through self-reported weight and height. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between possible risk factors with excess body weight among teachers. Results: Inadequate nutritional knowledge level (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.31-20.93), being male teachers (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.13-4.45), and being married (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.17-5.30) were the significant predictors of excess body weight. In contrast, vegetarian teachers were less likely to have excess body weight (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.47-0.97). Conclusion: Future intervention programs should include improving nutritional knowledge with greater attention to male and married teachers to decrease the risk of excess body weight.

Relationship Between Dietary Self-Efficacy and Religiosity Among Seventh-Day Adventists in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Most of the studies involving members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA) have been conducted in the United States and Canada. AIM: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between dietary self-efficacy and religiosity among SDA members in Peru. METHODS: In this online cross-sectional study, 403 participants aged 18 to 59 years selected by convenience were included. The data collected included sociodemographic information. In addition, the Dietary Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) and the Duke University Index of Religion (DUREL) were administered. A correlation analysis was performed and multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between religiosity, dietary self-efficacy, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Dietary self-efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with all dimensions of religiosity, ie, organized religious activities (ORA), non-organized religious activities (NORA), and intrinsic religiosity (IR). In addition, participants had high dietary self-efficacy and religiosity. CONCLUSION: Although religiosity dimensions did not significantly predict dietary self-efficacy, however, the non-organized religious activities dimension was the strongest predictor of dietary self-efficacy among Adventists in Peru. The present study will serve as a basis for future research to further investigate the potential positive effect of religiosity on the improvement a healthy diet and possible changes in the physical and mental health of the population.

Excess Weight and Body Fat Percentage Associated with Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in University Students.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most important public health problems for university students. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) with waist circumference (WC) as a cardiometabolic risk factor (CMR) among university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2,048 students from a private university located in Lima, Peru. Anthropometric data (weight, height, %BF, and WC) were collected. Chi-square test was used. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 36.9% and 61.1% of men were overweight and had higher %BF, respectively, compared to women. Women (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.29), Peruvian students (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.90), and students enrolled in the faculty of health sciences (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.94) are less likely to manifest CMR. Also, excess body weight (OR, 17.28; 95% CI, 13.21, 22.59) and a high %BF (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.55, 5.84) were strongly associated with CMR. CONCLUSION: CMRs are a public health problem among university students. Therefore, it is important to carry out healthy lifestyle programs to promote better control and prevention, particularly among male students and those who have excess weight and body fat.