Bivalent Vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A Laboratory-Phase and Large-Scale Study.

One of the main factors limiting tilapia's production is the occurrence of infections caused by Aeromonas and Streptococcus species. This work intended to evaluate a bivalent vaccine against A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae by intraperitoneal (i.p) administration in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil. The study was carried out in two phases: one in the laboratory, on a small scale, and from the results obtained, the study was expanded to a large scale in a production system in cages. The vaccine proved to be safe and effective in laboratory tests, with a vaccine efficacy (VE) of 93.66%. However, in large-scale tests with 12,000 tilapias, the VE was 59.14%, with a better food conversion ratio (1.54 kg) in the vaccinated group compared to the control group (1.27 kg). These results corroborate the efficiency of this tested vaccine; however, they indicate the need for field tests to attest to real protection.

Investigation of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Infection in Wild Mammals in Brazil.

PURPOSE: Leishmaniasis are infectious and zoonotic diseases and present in cutaneous and visceral forms. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic and widely distributed throughout the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Several cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs associated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis have been reported in the state. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of natural infection by Leishmania(Viannia) braziliensis in wild mammals found dead (by trampling or natural death) in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo State. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2019, 60 animals were collected. Of these, 47 animals from 12 different species were analyzed. The results were demonstrated using descriptive analysis of the observations to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies of the data. RESULTS: In the PCR, using specific primers for the genus Leishmania (D1, D2, and D3) and the species Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (ISVB/ISVC), 4 positive animals (8.5%) were detected: 1 Cuniculus paca (paca) (25%) and 3 Callithrix geoffroyi (white-faced marmoset) (25%). In the histopathological analysis, the parasitic amastigote form was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The natural infection, detected by PCR, by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Cuniculus paca (paca) and Callithrix geoffroyi (white-faced marmoset) constitutes the first report of infection of this rodent and primate species in the literature. Despite the confirmation of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in rodents and primates, the role of these species in the transmission of this zoonosis still needs further observational studies to identify their seasonal variation, transmissibility, infection stability, and the effects of a given parasite on the population and/or individual.

Rare case of Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) and Dirofilaria sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Dioctophyme renale is the largest parasitic nematode of animals. It is most often found in the right kidney, but can also occur in the urinary system, ears, free abdominal cavity, mammary gland, thoracic cavity, and more rarely in subcutaneous tissue. The genus Dirofilaria has specific parasitic characteristics according to its location, and may parasitize the respiratory tract or even the skin, varying according to species. This report describes a case of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An adult male mongrel cat showed physical enlargement in the left inguinal region, diagnosed as a subcutaneous nodule. Surgical excision and histopathological evaluation of the nodule were performed, and Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. were found inside. Dioctophymosis and heartworm disease are present in Brazil and most other countries, but this is the unprecedented case of the association of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat.

Notes on the gross anatomy of the heart of the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802).

The broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802), is one of the six crocodilian species from Brazil. The topography, morphology and morphometry of the broad-snouted caiman heart were studied. Data were obtained from the necropsy of four adult animals, three females and one male. The hearts were removed from the coelomic cavity and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hr for morphological and morphometric description. The heart is in the cranial mediastinum. It is caudally involved by the liver cranial margins, and ventrally by the ribs, intercostal muscles, and sternum and dorsally by the lungs. The four-chambered morphology is typical with two (right and left) atria and ventricles. Right and left aortic, pulmonary and subclavian arteries branch from the truncus arteriosus. Gubernaculum cordis is present as ligamentous folds uniting the heart apex to the pericardium. Main morphometric means are the apex-to-base length (49.86 mm), circumference (105.25 mm) and heart weight (45.03 g). The right atrium is craniocaudally longer with thicker walls, whereas the left ventricle is narrower. The topography, morphology and morphometry of the heart of C. latirostris are consistent with the anatomy of other crocodilian species.

Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) prevented inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal alterations in an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots store carbohydrate in the form of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which improve intestinal health. Yacon has the potential to prevent the intestinal barrier alterations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of yacón flour (YF) on alterations promoted by CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. RESULTS: CRC increased tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (group CY = 10.2 ± 0.72; group C = 9.6 ± 1.0; group Y = 5.8 ± 0.54; group S = 5.95 ± 0.6 pg mL-1 ) and short-chain fatty acid production, and decreased total antioxidant capacity (group CY = 4.7 ± 0.72; group C = 3.3 ± 0.3; group Y = 4.1 ± 0.47; group S = 6.7 ± 0.78 U mL-1 ). Furthermore, YF treatment reduced intraluminal pH (group CY = 6.45 ± 0.47; group C = 7.65 ± 0.44; group Y = 6.75 ± 0.46; group S = 8.13 ± 0.2), lactulose/mannitol ratio, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL)-10 ratio, and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (group CY = 9.48 ± 1.46; group C = 10.95 ± 3.87; group Y = 15.95 ± 7.36; group S = 9.19 ± 1.52), but did not affect IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels nor the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSION: YF as a source of fructooligosaccharides may help to maintain the integrity of intestinal health, which is altered in induced CRC in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Clinical and pathological comparison of Astragalus lentiginosus and Ipomoea carnea poisoning in goats.

The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, found in some Astragalus and Oxytropis (i.e., locoweed) species, is a potent cellular glycosidase inhibitor that often poisons livestock. Other toxic genera such as some Ipomoea species also contain swainsonine as well as calystegines which are similar polyhydroxy alkaloids. The toxicity of calystegines is poorly characterized; however, they are also potent glycoside inhibitors capable of intestinal and cellular glycoside dysfunction. The objective of this study was to directly compare A. lentiginosus and I. carnea poisoning in goats to better characterize the role of the calystegines. Three groups of four goats each were treated with ground alfalfa (control), I. carnea or A. lentiginosus to obtain daily doses of 0.0, 1.5, and 1.5 mg swainsonine/kg bw per day, respectively, for 45 days. Animals were observed daily and weekly body weights, serum enzyme activities, and serum swainsonine concentrations were determined. At day 45 all animals were euthanized and necropsied. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea developed clinical disease characterized by mild intention tremors and proprioceptive deficits. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus developed clinical disease sooner and with greater consistency. No differences in body weight, serum swainsonine concentrations and serum enzyme activity were observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. Additionally, there were no differences in the microscopic and histochemical studies of the visceral and neurologic lesions observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. These findings suggest that I. carnea-induced clinical signs and lesions are due to swainsonine and that calystegines contribute little or nothing to toxicity in goats in the presence of swainsonine.

Digestible arginine concentrations in the diet of Japanese quails / Níveis de arginina digestível em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of arginine in the diet of Japanese quails and to determine which provides the best egg production indices. We used 400 birds with an initial average weight of 180 g at 140 days of age. These were distributed among experimental units in a randomized design. Five levels of digestible arginine were studied (1.148, 1.256, 1.364, 1.472, and 1.580%) in reference to a fixed level of digestible lysine (1.083%; for arginine to lysine ratios of 1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46). Each treatment was replicated 10 times for a total of 50 experimental units, each with eight quails. Feed rations, leftovers, and dead animals were weighed to calculate and adjust performance parameters. The variables analyzed were: daily feed intake (DFI), egg laying rate (ER), average egg weight (EW), total egg mass (EM), feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs (FCEM and FCDE), yolk, skin, and albumen weights (AYW, ASW and AAW), relative weights of yolk, albumen and shell (RYW, RAW and RSW), the Haugh unit (HU), and the percentage of eggs suitable for market (EP). The variables associated with performance and internal and external quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by different levels of arginine, except for EP, which decreased linearly (P = 0.009) with increasing arginine according to the equation: ? = -3.44x + 103.13, r²

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de arginina digestível e determinar aquele que proporciona os melhores índices produtivos em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 aves com peso médio inicial de 180 gramas aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas nas unidades experimentais em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram utilizados cinco níveis crescentes de arginina digestível (1,148; 1,256; 1,364; 1,472; 1,580%) sob um nível fixo de lisina digestível de 1,083%, correspondendo à relação arginina: lisina digestível de (1,06; 1,16; 1,26; 1,36; 1,46), portanto, foram cinco tratamentos com dez repetições cada, num total de 50 unidades experimentais. Cada unidade experimental continha oito codornas. As rações, as sobras e os animais mortos eram pesados a fim de se calcular e ajustar os parâmetros de desempenho. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo de ração diário (CRD), taxa de postura (TP), peso médio dos ovos (PO), massa dos ovos (MO), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos (CAMO e CADO), pesos da gema, casca e albúmen (PG, PC e PA), pesos relativos da gema, da casca e do albúmen (PRG, PRC e PRA), além da unidade Haugh (UH) e percentual de ovos comercializáveis (OC). As variáveis de desempenho e de qualidade interna e externa de ovos em análise não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de arginina, a exceçã

Digestible arginine concentrations in the diet of Japanese quails / Níveis de arginina digestível em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of arginine in the diet of Japanese quails and to determine which provides the best egg production indices. We used 400 birds with an initial average weight of 180 g at 140 days of age. These were distributed among experimental units in a randomized design. Five levels of digestible arginine were studied (1.148, 1.256, 1.364, 1.472, and 1.580%) in reference to a fixed level of digestible lysine (1.083%; for arginine to lysine ratios of 1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46). Each treatment was replicated 10 times for a total of 50 experimental units, each with eight quails. Feed rations, leftovers, and dead animals were weighed to calculate and adjust performance parameters. The variables analyzed were: daily feed intake (DFI), egg laying rate (ER), average egg weight (EW), total egg mass (EM), feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs (FCEM and FCDE), yolk, skin, and albumen weights (AYW, ASW and AAW), relative weights of yolk, albumen and shell (RYW, RAW and RSW), the Haugh unit (HU), and the percentage of eggs suitable for market (EP). The variables associated with performance and internal and external quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by different levels of arginine, except for EP, which decreased linearly (P = 0.009) with increasing arginine according to the equation: ? = -3.44x + 103.13, r²

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de arginina digestível e determinar aquele que proporciona os melhores índices produtivos em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 aves com peso médio inicial de 180 gramas aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas nas unidades experimentais em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram utilizados cinco níveis crescentes de arginina digestível (1,148; 1,256; 1,364; 1,472; 1,580%) sob um nível fixo de lisina digestível de 1,083%, correspondendo à relação arginina: lisina digestível de (1,06; 1,16; 1,26; 1,36; 1,46), portanto, foram cinco tratamentos com dez repetições cada, num total de 50 unidades experimentais. Cada unidade experimental continha oito codornas. As rações, as sobras e os animais mortos eram pesados a fim de se calcular e ajustar os parâmetros de desempenho. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo de ração diário (CRD), taxa de postura (TP), peso médio dos ovos (PO), massa dos ovos (MO), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos (CAMO e CADO), pesos da gema, casca e albúmen (PG, PC e PA), pesos relativos da gema, da casca e do albúmen (PRG, PRC e PRA), além da unidade Haugh (UH) e percentual de ovos comercializáveis (OC). As variáveis de desempenho e de qualidade interna e externa de ovos em análise não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de arginina, a exceçã

Immunohistochemical characterization of neoplasms of the urinary bladder associated with bovine enzootic hematuria / Caracterização imunoistoquímica de neoplasias de bexigas associadas à hematúria enzoótica bovina

Bovine enzootic hematuria is characterized by the development of hemangiomatous lesions from several types of neoplastic processes, from epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In this research the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions found in bladder of bovines with enzootic hematuria from Caparaó microregion in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil was determined. To accomplish this objective, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies: anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31 and anti-uroplakin. Neoplasms found included urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma e hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms was significant (p 0.05). CD31 was positive in all the vessels of all samples, however, the staining was significant (p 0.05) in the tumor endothelial cells of the vascular mesenchymal neoplasms, as in hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Uroplakin III staining was uneven in several neoplastic types and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Most neoplasms showed an atypical uroplakin staining on urothelium and, in the case of hemangiosarcomas there was no staining of the urothelium at all. The Spearman statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.63, p= 0.05) between CD31 and vimentin and between cytokeratin and uroplaki

A hematúria enzoótica bovina é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões hemangiomatosas relacionadas a diversos tipos de processos neoplásicos de origem epitelial e mesenquimal. O uso de biomarcadores pode auxiliar na classificação tumoral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a histogênese das lesões neoplásicas encontradas em bexigas, de animais da microrregião do Caparaó, ES com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Para isto foi realizada a imunoistoquímica com os anticorpos primários: anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31 e anti-uroplaquina. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. As marcações da citoqueratina em neoplasias epiteliais e da vimentina em neoplasias mesenquimais foram significativas (p 0,05). CD31 mostrou positividade em todos os vasos de todas as amostras, no entanto, a marcação foi significativa (p 0,05) nas células endoteliais tumorais das neoplasias mesenquimais de origem vascular, como hemangiomas e hemangiossarcomas. A marcação da uroplaquina III foi diferente nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e não demonstrou diferença significativa (p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de marcação no urotélio, observou-se que a maioria das neoplasias mostrou marcação atípica, entretanto, nos hemangiossarcomas não houve marcação do urotélio em nenhuma das amostras. A análise esta

Immunohistochemical characterization of neoplasms of the urinary bladder associated with bovine enzootic hematuria / Caracterização imunoistoquímica de neoplasias de bexigas associadas à hematúria enzoótica bovina

Bovine enzootic hematuria is characterized by the development of hemangiomatous lesions from several types of neoplastic processes, from epithelial and mesenchymal origin. In this research the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions found in bladder of bovines with enzootic hematuria from Caparaó microregion in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil was determined. To accomplish this objective, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies: anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31 and anti-uroplakin. Neoplasms found included urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma e hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms was significant (p 0.05). CD31 was positive in all the vessels of all samples, however, the staining was significant (p 0.05) in the tumor endothelial cells of the vascular mesenchymal neoplasms, as in hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Uroplakin III staining was uneven in several neoplastic types and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Most neoplasms showed an atypical uroplakin staining on urothelium and, in the case of hemangiosarcomas there was no staining of the urothelium at all. The Spearman statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r= 0.63, p= 0.05) between CD31 and vimentin and between cytokeratin and uroplaki

A hematúria enzoótica bovina é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de lesões hemangiomatosas relacionadas a diversos tipos de processos neoplásicos de origem epitelial e mesenquimal. O uso de biomarcadores pode auxiliar na classificação tumoral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a histogênese das lesões neoplásicas encontradas em bexigas, de animais da microrregião do Caparaó, ES com hematúria enzoótica bovina. Para isto foi realizada a imunoistoquímica com os anticorpos primários: anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31 e anti-uroplaquina. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. As marcações da citoqueratina em neoplasias epiteliais e da vimentina em neoplasias mesenquimais foram significativas (p 0,05). CD31 mostrou positividade em todos os vasos de todas as amostras, no entanto, a marcação foi significativa (p 0,05) nas células endoteliais tumorais das neoplasias mesenquimais de origem vascular, como hemangiomas e hemangiossarcomas. A marcação da uroplaquina III foi diferente nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e não demonstrou diferença significativa (p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de marcação no urotélio, observou-se que a maioria das neoplasias mostrou marcação atípica, entretanto, nos hemangiossarcomas não houve marcação do urotélio em nenhuma das amostras. A análise esta

Óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha como aditivo na ração de frangos de corte

The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). The diet without growth promoter resulted in the lowest ratio of villous:crypt (P 0.05). The addition of Brazilian red pepper in the diet of broiler chickens reduced the relative weight of the intestines compared to broilers fed diet without growth promoter (P 0.05). In this study there was no significant difference in crypt depth and in villous height between treatments (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) como promotor de crescimento nas rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e morfometria intestinal desses animais. Foram utilizados 300 pintos de um dia de vida, tipo corte, machos, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram alojadas em 20 boxes de 2m² (15 aves boxe-1), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em grupos de quatro (4) tratamentos e cinco (5) repetições, com 15 aves cada. Os grupos foram identificados como T1: dieta sem promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira-vermelha (controle negativo); T2: dieta com promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira (antimicrobiano e anticoccidiano - controle positivo); T3: dieta contendo somente antimicrobiano (bacitracina de zinco); T4: dieta com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho animal (P>0,05). Contudo, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos intestinos verificou-se que, aos 21 dias de idade, os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta, que não diferiu dos tratados com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha (P>0,05). As aves arraçoadas com uma dieta sem promotor de crescimento (sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano) tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta (P 0,05). A adição de óleo de aroeira-vermelha na dieta de frangos de corte reduziu o peso relativo dos intestinos quando comparado com a dieta sem promotor de crescimento (P 0,05), não diferindo dos tratados com promotor de crescimento (P>0,05). Neste estudo, não houve diferença significativa na profundidade das criptas de Lieberkühn e na altura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira promoveu uma melhoria na superfície absortiva intestinal das aves, quando comparado com as aves alimentadas sem promotor de crescimento.

Óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha como aditivo na ração de frangos de corte

The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). The diet without growth promoter resulted in the lowest ratio of villous:crypt (P 0.05). The addition of Brazilian red pepper in the diet of broiler chickens reduced the relative weight of the intestines compared to broilers fed diet without growth promoter (P 0.05). In this study there was no significant difference in crypt depth and in villous height between treatments (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) como promotor de crescimento nas rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e morfometria intestinal desses animais. Foram utilizados 300 pintos de um dia de vida, tipo corte, machos, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram alojadas em 20 boxes de 2m² (15 aves boxe-1), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em grupos de quatro (4) tratamentos e cinco (5) repetições, com 15 aves cada. Os grupos foram identificados como T1: dieta sem promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira-vermelha (controle negativo); T2: dieta com promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira (antimicrobiano e anticoccidiano - controle positivo); T3: dieta contendo somente antimicrobiano (bacitracina de zinco); T4: dieta com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho animal (P>0,05). Contudo, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos intestinos verificou-se que, aos 21 dias de idade, os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta, que não diferiu dos tratados com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha (P>0,05). As aves arraçoadas com uma dieta sem promotor de crescimento (sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano) tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta (P 0,05). A adição de óleo de aroeira-vermelha na dieta de frangos de corte reduziu o peso relativo dos intestinos quando comparado com a dieta sem promotor de crescimento (P 0,05), não diferindo dos tratados com promotor de crescimento (P>0,05). Neste estudo, não houve diferença significativa na profundidade das criptas de Lieberkühn e na altura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira promoveu uma melhoria na superfície absortiva intestinal das aves, quando comparado com as aves alimentadas sem promotor de crescimento.

Óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha como aditivo na ração de frangos de corte

The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). The diet without growth promoter resulted in the lowest ratio of villous:crypt (P 0.05). The addition of Brazilian red pepper in the diet of broiler chickens reduced the relative weight of the intestines compared to broilers fed diet without growth promoter (P 0.05). In this study there was no significant difference in crypt depth and in villous height between treatments (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) como promotor de crescimento nas rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e morfometria intestinal desses animais. Foram utilizados 300 pintos de um dia de vida, tipo corte, machos, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram alojadas em 20 boxes de 2m² (15 aves boxe-1), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em grupos de quatro (4) tratamentos e cinco (5) repetições, com 15 aves cada. Os grupos foram identificados como T1: dieta sem promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira-vermelha (controle negativo); T2: dieta com promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira (antimicrobiano e anticoccidiano - controle positivo); T3: dieta contendo somente antimicrobiano (bacitracina de zinco); T4: dieta com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho animal (P>0,05). Contudo, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos intestinos verificou-se que, aos 21 dias de idade, os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta, que não diferiu dos tratados com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha (P>0,05). As aves arraçoadas com uma dieta sem promotor de crescimento (sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano) tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta (P 0,05). A adição de óleo de aroeira-vermelha na dieta de frangos de corte reduziu o peso relativo dos intestinos quando comparado com a dieta sem promotor de crescimento (P 0,05), não diferindo dos tratados com promotor de crescimento (P>0,05). Neste estudo, não houve diferença significativa na profundidade das criptas de Lieberkühn e na altura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira promoveu uma melhoria na superfície absortiva intestinal das aves, quando comparado com as aves alimentadas sem promotor de crescimento.

Uso de óleo de aroeira-vermelha sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of essential oil obtained from the fruits of Brazilian red pepper in the performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 240 day-old male chicks Cobb were used, distributed in a randomized design in groups of five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds each: diet without antibiotics and anticoccidial agent (negative control); diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial agent (positive control); diets with 0.1% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.2% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were influenced by treatments (P 0.05). It was observed that the broilers fed with the growth promoter antibiotic had a superior performance than the untreated broilers (P 0.05). In the period of 1-21 days, the inclusion of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted in improvements in feed conversion and increased weight gain compared to other treatments (P 0.05). From 22-47 days of age it was observed that regardless of the level of Brazilian red pepper oil, their use resulted in a higher weight gain and final weight (P 0.05) and it was recorded a maximum villous height in broilers fed with Brazilian red pepper oil as compared to birds not treated with antibiotics (P 0.05). The Brazilian red pepper improved production rates and increased the intestinal absorptive surface.

Avaliou-se a utilização do óleo essencial extraído dos frutos de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) na dieta de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal. Utilizaram-se 240 pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em grupos de cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições: sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle negativo); com antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle positivo); com 0,1% de óleo de aroeira; com 0,2% de óleo de aroeira; e com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira. O consumo de ração, peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram influenciados significativamente pelos tratamentos (P 0,05). As aves tratadas com promotor de crescimento (antibiótico) tiveram desempenho superior ao desempenho das aves não tratadas (P 0,05). De 1-21 dias de idade, a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira resultou em melhoria na conversão alimentar e maior ganho de peso (P 0,05). De 22-47 dias de idade, observou-se que, independente do nível de adição de óleo de aroeira, sua utilização resultou em maior ganho de peso e peso final (P 0,05) e maior altura de vilosidades no jejuno das aves alimentadas com óleo de aroeira comparadas com as aves tratadas com controle negativo (P 0,05). O óleo de aroeira melhorou os índices de produção e aumentou a superfície intestinal absortiva.

Uso de óleo de aroeira-vermelha sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of essential oil obtained from the fruits of Brazilian red pepper in the performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 240 day-old male chicks Cobb were used, distributed in a randomized design in groups of five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds each: diet without antibiotics and anticoccidial agent (negative control); diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial agent (positive control); diets with 0.1% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.2% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were influenced by treatments (P 0.05). It was observed that the broilers fed with the growth promoter antibiotic had a superior performance than the untreated broilers (P 0.05). In the period of 1-21 days, the inclusion of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted in improvements in feed conversion and increased weight gain compared to other treatments (P 0.05). From 22-47 days of age it was observed that regardless of the level of Brazilian red pepper oil, their use resulted in a higher weight gain and final weight (P 0.05) and it was recorded a maximum villous height in broilers fed with Brazilian red pepper oil as compared to birds not treated with antibiotics (P 0.05). The Brazilian red pepper improved production rates and increased the intestinal absorptive surface.

Avaliou-se a utilização do óleo essencial extraído dos frutos de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) na dieta de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal. Utilizaram-se 240 pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em grupos de cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições: sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle negativo); com antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle positivo); com 0,1% de óleo de aroeira; com 0,2% de óleo de aroeira; e com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira. O consumo de ração, peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram influenciados significativamente pelos tratamentos (P 0,05). As aves tratadas com promotor de crescimento (antibiótico) tiveram desempenho superior ao desempenho das aves não tratadas (P 0,05). De 1-21 dias de idade, a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira resultou em melhoria na conversão alimentar e maior ganho de peso (P 0,05). De 22-47 dias de idade, observou-se que, independente do nível de adição de óleo de aroeira, sua utilização resultou em maior ganho de peso e peso final (P 0,05) e maior altura de vilosidades no jejuno das aves alimentadas com óleo de aroeira comparadas com as aves tratadas com controle negativo (P 0,05). O óleo de aroeira melhorou os índices de produção e aumentou a superfície intestinal absortiva.

Uso de óleo de aroeira-vermelha sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of essential oil obtained from the fruits of Brazilian red pepper in the performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 240 day-old male chicks Cobb were used, distributed in a randomized design in groups of five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds each: diet without antibiotics and anticoccidial agent (negative control); diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial agent (positive control); diets with 0.1% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.2% of Brazilian red pepper oil; diets with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were influenced by treatments (P 0.05). It was observed that the broilers fed with the growth promoter antibiotic had a superior performance than the untreated broilers (P 0.05). In the period of 1-21 days, the inclusion of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted in improvements in feed conversion and increased weight gain compared to other treatments (P 0.05). From 22-47 days of age it was observed that regardless of the level of Brazilian red pepper oil, their use resulted in a higher weight gain and final weight (P 0.05) and it was recorded a maximum villous height in broilers fed with Brazilian red pepper oil as compared to birds not treated with antibiotics (P 0.05). The Brazilian red pepper improved production rates and increased the intestinal absorptive surface.

Avaliou-se a utilização do óleo essencial extraído dos frutos de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) na dieta de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal. Utilizaram-se 240 pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em grupos de cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições: sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle negativo); com antibiótico e anticoccidiano (controle positivo); com 0,1% de óleo de aroeira; com 0,2% de óleo de aroeira; e com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira. O consumo de ração, peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram influenciados significativamente pelos tratamentos (P 0,05). As aves tratadas com promotor de crescimento (antibiótico) tiveram desempenho superior ao desempenho das aves não tratadas (P 0,05). De 1-21 dias de idade, a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira resultou em melhoria na conversão alimentar e maior ganho de peso (P 0,05). De 22-47 dias de idade, observou-se que, independente do nível de adição de óleo de aroeira, sua utilização resultou em maior ganho de peso e peso final (P 0,05) e maior altura de vilosidades no jejuno das aves alimentadas com óleo de aroeira comparadas com as aves tratadas com controle negativo (P 0,05). O óleo de aroeira melhorou os índices de produção e aumentou a superfície intestinal absortiva.

Intestinal mucosa structure of broiler chickens infected experimentally with Eimeria tenella and treated with essential oil of oregano

In the first trial a total of 250 day-old male chicks were distributed into five treatments and given the following diets: a diet with growth promoter; a diet without added growth promoter; a diet added with avilamycin only; diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In other trial a total of 288 day-old chicks was used and distributed into four treatments, which were given the following diets: a diet with anticoccidial agent; a diet without anticoccidial agent; a diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; a 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In the first trial the nonmedicated group had the highest crypt depth which differs from chickens fed with growth promoter or with 0.5 and 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. The broilers fed with positive control (antibiotic and anticoccidial) had the highest villous: crypt ratio compared with the negative control that had the lowest villous:crypt ratio and the highest oocyst excretion in litter (P 0.05) In the second trial it was observed that broilers fed with non anticoccidial agent had the highest cecal lamina propria thickeness which differ from chickens fed with anticoccidial agent in diet or supplemented with 1.0 of oregano oil kg diet-1 (P 0.05).

Inicialmente, foram utilizados, neste estudo, 250 pintos de um dia de idade distribuídos em cinco tratamentos: dieta com promotor de crescimento; dieta sem promotor de crescimento; dieta contendo somente antibiótico; dieta com 0,5g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1 ou com 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. No outro ensaio, foram utilizados 288 pintos de um dia de idade distribuídos em quatro grupos: dieta com anticoccidiano; dieta sem anticoccidiano; dieta com 0,5g de orégano óleo kg dieta-1 ou 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. No primeiro ensaio, o grupo tratado sem promotor de crescimento apresentou a maior profundidade de cripta quando comparada com os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento ou com 0,5 e 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. Os frangos que receberam a dieta com promotor de crescimento (antibiótico+anticoccidiano) apresentaram uma maior relação vilo:cripta em comparação com os frangos do controle negativo, os quais tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta e uma maior excreção de oocistos por grama de fezes (P 0.05). No segundo ensaio, observou-se que os frangos alimentados com dieta sem anticoccidiano tiveram uma maior espessura de lâmina própria cecal, diferindo dos frangos tratados com anticoccidiano ou com 1,0 de orégano óleo kg de ração-1 (P 0,05).

Prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina em rebanhos leiteiros na microrregião do Caparaó, Sul do Espírito Santo, entre 2007 e 2008

Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.

A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4%) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8% a 31%. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2%) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.

Prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina em rebanhos leiteiros na microrregião do Caparaó, Sul do Espírito Santo, entre 2007 e 2008

Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease that has been causing great economic losses to farmers of the Caparaó microregion, southern Espírito Santo State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cattle naturally affected by poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) with clinical hematuria between 2007 and 2008 and establish the hematologic findings of these animals. Fifty facilities were visited and the plant was observed in all of the ten evaluated municipal districts. One hundred and eighty one bovines were examined and 39 animals were sick. Among the affected cattle, 22 (56.4%) presented BEH. Affected animals were from Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba and Ibitirama districts. The animals had macrohematuria and the values of the hematocrit were low, ranging between 8 and 31%. The total leukometry had the mean value of 132 x 10³mm-3, showing leukocytosis. The temperature and capillary refill time were normal. Four animals (18.2%) had pale mucosal surfaces. It was noted that the BEH prevalence in the Caparaó microregion, ES, is high and there is a great necessity of new studies to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease.

A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença crônica que tem causado grandes perdas econômicas aos proprietários da microrregião do Caparaó, na região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES). O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter a prevalência e os achados hematológicos de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica decorrente de intoxicação natural por Pteridium aquilinum (samambaia) no período de março de 2007 a abril de 2008, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES. Foram visitadas 50 propriedades onde foi constatada a presença da planta em todos os 10 municípios avaliados. Cento e oitenta e um bovinos foram examinados e 39 estavam doentes. Dentre os afetados, 22 (56,4%) apresentavam HEB, todos provenientes dos Municípios de Guaçuí, Divino de São Lourenço, Iúna, Ibatiba e Ibitirama. Os bovinos tinham macrohematúria, e os valores do hematócrito mostraram-se baixos, variando de 8% a 31%. A leucometria total teve valor médio de 132 x 10³ mm-3, revelando leucocitose. A temperatura e o tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC) estavam dentro da normalidade. Quatro bovinos (18,2%) tinham mucosas anêmicas. Nota-se que a prevalência de HEB, na microrregião do Caparaó, ES, é alta e que há a necessidade de novos estudos para diminuir as perdas econômicas causadas por essa doença.

Intestinal mucosa structure of broiler chickens infected experimentally with Eimeria tenella and treated with essential oil of oregano

In the first trial a total of 250 day-old male chicks were distributed into five treatments and given the following diets: a diet with growth promoter; a diet without added growth promoter; a diet added with avilamycin only; diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In other trial a total of 288 day-old chicks was used and distributed into four treatments, which were given the following diets: a diet with anticoccidial agent; a diet without anticoccidial agent; a diet supplemented with 0.5g of oregano oil kg diet-1; a 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. In the first trial the nonmedicated group had the highest crypt depth which differs from chickens fed with growth promoter or with 0.5 and 1.0g of oregano oil kg diet-1. The broilers fed with positive control (antibiotic and anticoccidial) had the highest villous: crypt ratio compared with the negative control that had the lowest villous:crypt ratio and the highest oocyst excretion in litter (P 0.05) In the second trial it was observed that broilers fed with non anticoccidial agent had the highest cecal lamina propria thickeness which differ from chickens fed with anticoccidial agent in diet or supplemented with 1.0 of oregano oil kg diet-1 (P 0.05).

Inicialmente, foram utilizados, neste estudo, 250 pintos de um dia de idade distribuídos em cinco tratamentos: dieta com promotor de crescimento; dieta sem promotor de crescimento; dieta contendo somente antibiótico; dieta com 0,5g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1 ou com 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. No outro ensaio, foram utilizados 288 pintos de um dia de idade distribuídos em quatro grupos: dieta com anticoccidiano; dieta sem anticoccidiano; dieta com 0,5g de orégano óleo kg dieta-1 ou 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. No primeiro ensaio, o grupo tratado sem promotor de crescimento apresentou a maior profundidade de cripta quando comparada com os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento ou com 0,5 e 1,0g de orégano óleo kg de ração-1. Os frangos que receberam a dieta com promotor de crescimento (antibiótico+anticoccidiano) apresentaram uma maior relação vilo:cripta em comparação com os frangos do controle negativo, os quais tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta e uma maior excreção de oocistos por grama de fezes (P 0.05). No segundo ensaio, observou-se que os frangos alimentados com dieta sem anticoccidiano tiveram uma maior espessura de lâmina própria cecal, diferindo dos frangos tratados com anticoccidiano ou com 1,0 de orégano óleo kg de ração-1 (P 0,05).