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1.
Life Sci ; 333: 122132, 2023 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37793482

ABSTRACT

A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal disorders, systemic inflammatory states and oxidative stress, among others. Recently, gut and oral dysbiosis has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia and a public health priority due to its high prevalence and incidence. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammation characteristic of AD pathology and the subsequent cognitive impairment. It is a systematic review of the current literature obtained by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristic intestinal dysbiosis in AD patients leads to increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and activates immune cells in the central nervous system due to translocation of microbiota-derived metabolites and/or bacteria into the circulation leading to increased neuroinflammation and neuronal loss, thus generating the cognitive impairment characteristic of AD. The presence in the central nervous system of Porphyromonas gingivalis can cause an increased neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid peptide accumulation.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Microbiota , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Neuroinflammatory Diseases , Dysbiosis/complications , Dysbiosis/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Bacteria , Brain/metabolism
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 46(9): 37-45, sep. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225636

ABSTRACT

Además de habilidades clínicas, los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud precisan, en su proyecto formativo, lograr otras competencias de carácter psicoemocional como garantía de calidad de la asistencia prestada. Con el objetivo de analizar las diferentes estrategias llevadas a cabo a tal fin, se ha realizado una revisión integrativa de la literatura publicada en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos científicas Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute, APA PsycNet Advanced Search, PsycINFO y en el Repositorio Científico de Acceso Abierto de Portugal. Se obtuvieron un total de siete publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Para cada uno de los mismos se extrajeron como unidades de análisis principales el tipo de estudio, el objetivo, la muestra y la estrategia aplicada sobre la misma, las herramientas de medición de los resultados y sus principales hallazgos. Éstos muestran que las estrategias puestas en marcha en cada uno de los estudios fueron efectivas para mejorar los niveles de competencia emocional. No obstante, así mismo, se extraen como conclusiones la escasa evidencia científica disponible al respecto y la diversidad de objetivos, variables, metodologías e instrumentos de recogida de datos utilizados para el logro de tal competencia. La dificultad en el establecimiento de evidencias pone de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir profundizando para lograr el asentamiento de aquellas estrategias pedagógicas, que mejor sirvan para lograr la necesaria competencia emocional de los estudiantes y futuros profesionales en el ámbito de ciencias de la salud. (AU)


In addition to clinical skills, health science students need, in their training project, to achieve other competencies of a psychoemotional nature as a guarantee of the quality of the care provided. With the aim of analysing the different strategies carried out to this end, an integrative review of the literature published in the last 10 years in the scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute, APA PsycNet Advanced Search, PsycINFO and the Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repository was carried out. A total of seven publications were obtained that met the established inclusion criteria. For each of them, the main units of analysis were extracted as the type of study, the objective, the sample and the strategy applied to it, the tools used to measure the results and the main findings. These show that the strategies implemented in each of the studies were effective in improving levels of emotional competence. However, the scarce scientific evidence available in this respect and the diversity of objectives, variables, methodologies and data collection instruments used for the achievement of such competence are also conclusions drawn. The difficulty in establishing evidence highlights the need for further research to establish those pedagogical strategies that best serve to achieve the necessary emotional competence of students and future professionals in the field of health sciences. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emotions , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Health Sciences/education , Health Education
3.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(10)2023 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37239724

ABSTRACT

Smoking causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in developed countries. In addition, it is the cause of numerous diseases in the body, despite the fact that the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing. Nursing students, as future professionals, should be aware of action plans for cessation and information designed for smokers. To determine the level of knowledge among nursing students about smoking-related diseases and analyze the prevalence of student who smoke at the University of Leon, Spain, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which students were given an anonymous questionnaire, which was previously validated, during the 2021-2022 academic year. In a sample of 477 (79.5%) nursing students, a smoking prevalence of 17.6% was obtained. In addition, students' knowledge about the diseases directly caused by tobacco consumption and others associated with exposure to environmental smoke was assessed, and in both cases (8.03 points of 9 for consumption and 5.24 of 6 to exposure), scores were obtained that allow us to state that students do not know for sure the types of diseases that are related to tobacco use and passive smoking. In spite of this, it is necessary to continue to reduce the prevalence of smoking through different programs implemented in schools and universities, as it is also necessary to improve teaching plans when explaining smoking-related diseases, so that students, in the future, will be able to advise patients correctly.

4.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 46(5): 298-302, may. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220389

ABSTRACT

La evaluación de la actividad de los investigadores, de sus publicaciones y de las revistas donde se publican dichos trabajos, es un proceso continuo y necesario para poder valorar la calidad y el impacto de los mismos. Estas revistas están indexadas en diferentes bases de datos, siendo la Web Of Science una de las más importantes, junto con Scopus, debido a la cantidad de información que tiene recogida y a los rigurosos criterios que deben cumplir las revistas para ser incluidas en ella. Una nueva herramienta de esta base de datos es el Emerging Sources Citation Index, que contiene revistas que o bien están en proceso de evaluación, o bien son revistas que presentan una calidad científica acreditada en su disciplina, pero que nunca llegarán a integrarse en la Web of Science ya que su área de conocimiento es limitada y previsiblemente nunca llegaran a tener un factor de impacto suficientemente alto. El estar incluido en este recurso, como lo está ROL Revista de Enfermería, tiene un gran valor para las revistas y para los autores que publican sus trabajos en ellas ya que supone un mérito valorado en la mayoría de los procesos de evaluación de los investigadores, como por ejemplo en la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). (AU)


The evaluation of the activity of researchers, their publications and the journals where these works are published, is a continuous and necessary process to assess their quality and impact. These journals are indexed in different databases, being Web Of Science one of the most important, together with Scopus, due to the amount of information it has collected and the rigorous criteria that journals must meet to be included in it. A new tool of this database is the Emerging Sources Citation Index, which contains journals that are either in the process of evaluation, or are journals that have a proven scientific quality in their discipline, but that will never be included in the Web of Science because their area of knowledge is limited and they will probably never have a sufficiently high impact factor. Being included in this resource, as ROL Revista de Enfermería is, has a great value for the journals and for the authors who publish their work in them, since it is a merit valued in most of the evaluation processes of researchers, such as the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA). (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Journal Impact Factor , Nursing Research , Biomedical Research , Spain , Databases, Bibliographic , Authorship in Scientific Publications
5.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 46(1): 22-31, ene. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214914

ABSTRACT

La Década del Envejecimiento Saludable reabre oportunidades para invertir en entornos adaptados a las personas mayores y en sistemas integrados de atención sanitaria y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar esas ventanas de oportunidad para Enfermería. El envejecimiento saludable implica que las personas mayores contribuyen a la sociedad durante más tiempo, con oportunidades para gozar de buena salud, y para mantener y desarrollar las capacidades, y que está determinado por la capacidad funcional, la capacidad intrínseca y el entorno físico y social. Para ello, son precisos sistemas sociales y de salud integrados, transformadores y centrados en las personas, en lugar de sistemas basados únicamente en la enfermedad. Enfermería puede contribuir cambiando la forma de pensar, de sentir y de actuar con respecto a la edad y el envejecimiento, ofreciendo una atención integrada y centrada en las personas, adaptando el modelo de cuidados, con el foco en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, y la atención de las personas mayores potenciando sus capacidades y su autonomía, en especial desde la Atención Primaria. Luchar contra el edadismo, formar a enfermeras en competencia de práctica avanzada, mejorar la accesibilidad, formar a las personas mayores y sus familias en materia digital, investigando sobre estos factores, son oportunidades que vuelve a abrir el Informe sobre la Década del Envejecimiento Saludable para Enfermería. (AU)


The Decade of Healthy Ageing reopens opportunities to invest in age-friendly environments and integrated health and social care systems. The aim of this paper is to analyse these windows of opportunity for Nursing. Healthy ageing implies that older people contribute to society for longer, with opportunities to have good health, and to maintain and develop capabilities, and that it is determined by functional ability, intrinsic capacity and the physical and social environment. This requires integrated, transformative and people-centred health and social systems, rather than systems based on disease. Nursing can contribute by changing the way we think, feel and act about age and ageing, offering integrated and person-centred care, adapting the model of care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention, and care for older people by enhancing their capabilities and autonomy, especially in primary care. Fighting against ageism, training nurses in advanced practice competency, improving accessibility, training older people and their families in digital matters, researching on these factors, are opportunities that the Decade of Healthy Ageing Report reopens for Nursing. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Healthy Aging , Ageism , Spain , Patient-Centered Care
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 962022 Oct 10.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36213957

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Nursing students, with their inexperience and the frequent challenge of encountering new environments, are a potentially vulnerable group for bullying and harassment in the work setting. The aim of this study was to analyze the bullying and/or harassment experienced by Nursing students during their clinical practice. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of León and the study population was fourth-year nursing students. The measurement instrument was a 24-item questionnaire approved by the University Ethics Committee. The chi-square test, Student's t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A prevalence of 26.5% (22/83) of students who suffered episodes of bullying and/or harassment was observed; younger students suffered these events from physicians, patients and family members and/or companions to a greater extent. This produced an impact on the psychological well-being of the students, who felt depressed, humiliated and incapable, which negatively affected the level of care provided to patients. CONCLUSIONS: The overall problem studied presents a lower prevalence than that obtained in other work carried out in the rest of the world; as a consequence, there is an impact on the psychological well-being of the students that affects their level of attention to the tasks they are carrying out and their way of working with others.


OBJETIVO: Los estudiantes de Enfermería, con su inexperiencia y el desafío frecuente de encontrarse con nuevos entornos, son un grupo potencialmente vulnerable para sufrir intimidación y acoso en el ámbito del trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la intimidación y/o acoso padecidos por los estudiantes de Enfermería durante sus prácticas clínicas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Universidad de León. La población a estudio fueron los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería de cuarto curso. El instrumento de medida fue un cuestionario que constó de 24 items y que se aprobó por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y la U de Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS: Se observó una prevalencia del 26,5% (n=83) de estudiantes que sufrieron episodios de intimidación y/o acoso; los estudiantes de menor edad padecieron estos hechos por parte de los médicos, pacientes y familiares y/o acompañantes en mayor medida. Esto produjo un impacto en su bienestar psicológico e hizo que se sintieran deprimidos, humillados e incapaces, lo que afectó negativamente al nivel de atención prestado a los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: El problema global estudiado presenta una prevalencia inferior a la obtenida en otros trabajos llevados a cabo en el resto del mundo. Como consecuencia, existe un impacto en el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes que afecta a su nivel de atención en las tareas que están llevando a cabo y a su forma de trabajar con los demás.


Subject(s)
Bullying , Students, Nursing , Bullying/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Spain , Students, Nursing/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workplace/psychology
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202210077-e202210077, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-211622

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS:Los estudiantes de Enfermería, con su inexperiencia y el desafío frecuente de encontrarse con nuevos entornos, son un grupo potencialmente vulnerable para sufrir intimidación y acoso en el ámbito del trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la intimidación y/o acoso padecidos por los estudiantes de Enfermería durante sus prácticas clínicas. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Universidad de León. La población a estudio fueron los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería de cuarto curso. El instrumento de medida fue un cuestionario que constó de 24 items y que se aprobó por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y la U de Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS: Se observó una prevalencia del 26,5% (n=83) de estudiantes que sufrieron episodios de intimidación y/o acoso; los estudiantes de menor edad padecieron estos hechos por parte de los médicos, pacientes y familiares y/o acompañantes en mayor medida. Esto produjo un impacto en su bienestar psicológico e hizo que se sintieran deprimidos, humillados e incapaces, lo que afectó negativamente al nivel de atención prestado a los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: El problema global estudiado presenta una prevalencia inferior a la obtenida en otros trabajos llevados a cabo en el resto del mundo. Como consecuencia, existe un impacto en el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes que afecta a su nivel de atención en las tareas que están llevando a cabo y a su forma de trabajar con los demás.(AU)


BACKGROUND: Nursing students, with their inexperience and the frequent challenge of encountering new environments, are a potentially vulnerable group for bullying and harassment in the work setting. The aim of this study was to analyze the bullying and/ or harassment experienced by Nursing students during their clinical practice. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of León and the study population was fourth-year nursing students. The measurement instrument was a 24-item questionnaire approved by the University Ethics Committee. The chi-square test, Student’s t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A prevalence of 26.5% (22/83) of students who suffered episodes of bullying and/or harassment was observed; younger students suffered these events from physicians, patients and family members and/or companions to a greater extent. This produced an impact on the psychological well-being of the students, who felt depressed, humiliated and incapable, which negatively affected the level of care provided to patients. CONCLUSIONS: The overall problem studied presents a lower prevalence than that obtained in other work carried out in the rest of the world; as a consequence, there is an impact on the psychological well-being of the students that affects their level of attention to the tasks they are carrying out and their way of working with others.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Bullying , Education, Nursing , Students, Nursing , Workplace Violence , Clinical Clerkship , Mental Health , Public Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 45(7-8): 23-29, jul.-ag. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207515

ABSTRACT

El concepto teórico de fragilidad está ampliamente aceptado, pero su aplicación a la práctica presenta algunas limitaciones debido a la existencia de múltiples herramientas para su detección precoz y propuestas de intervención. En esta breve revisión de situación, se pretende resumir las últimas evidencias respecto a la detección precoz y el abordaje de la fragilidad en Atención Primaria. El cribado se basa en la detección oportunista de casos mediante búsqueda activa a partir de los 70 años, usando como herramientas una prueba de ejecución y la escala FRAIL. Se aconseja confirmación con el Frailty Index. Su abordaje debe ser multidimensional centrado en el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular, suplementos proteicos y la revisión de la medicación. La fragilidad es evitable, y se necesita poner el foco en la detección precoz. A pesar de los avances en los últimos años, es necesaria más investigación en busca del modelo de atención más eficaz. (AU)


Although the theoretical concept of frailty is widely accepted, its practical application is somehow limited due to the existence of multiple tools related to its early detection and intervention proposals. In this brief review of the situation, the aim is to summarize the latest evidence regarding early detection and management of frailty in Primary Health Care. The screening is based on opportunistic case detection by active search from the age of 70, using a performance test and the FRAIL scale as tools. Confirmation using the Frailty Index is recommended. Its approach should be multidimensional and focusing on muscle strength training, protein supplementation and medication review. Frailty is preventable, and emphasis should be placed on early detection. Despite advances in recent years, more research is needed in order to find the most effective healthcare model. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Frailty/etiology , Frailty/history , Frailty/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Healthcare Models , Spain
9.
Front Neurosci ; 15: 677777, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34489620

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Many risk factors for the development of AD have been investigated, including nutrition. Although it has been proven that nutrition plays a role in AD, the precise mechanisms through which nutrition exerts its influence remain undefined. The object of this study is to address this issue by elucidating some of the mechanisms through which nutrition interacts with AD. This work is a qualitative systematic bibliographic review of the current literature searchable on various available databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our evidence comprises 31 articles selected after a systematic search process. Patients suffering with AD present a characteristic microbiome that promotes changes in microglia generating a proinflammatory state. Many similarities exist between AD and prion diseases, both in terms of symptoms and in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome due to dietary habits could be one of the environmental factors affecting the development of AD; however, this is probably not the only factor. Similarly, the mechanism for self-propagation of beta-amyloid seen in AD is similar to that seen in prions.

10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33562435

ABSTRACT

To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26-3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74-4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students' family (1.31;1.03-1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28-6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89-1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59-2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50-7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline's curriculum.


Subject(s)
Prescription Drugs , Students, Nursing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Curriculum , Humans , Self Medication , Spain
11.
Index enferm ; 29(3): 0-0, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202499

ABSTRACT

Durante las últimas décadas, el mundo se ha expuesto a una serie de amenazas por brotes virales emergentes de diferente índole. Ante la nueva pandemia del COVID-19 las actitudes, las creencias, las expectativas, o la representación que se haga del problema de salud/enfermedad, cumplen un papel determinante. Alfabetizar en salud es concientizar, aprender a reflexionar, mostrar a los pacientes la vivencia problemática, conseguir inculcar una conciencia crítica para hacerles capaz de percibir lo malo, y de descubrir los medios a emplear para su mejora. Aplicando el proceso de concientización de Paulo Freire, es posible el paso de una conciencia pasiva a una conciencia crítica activa (concientización), mediante un método activo de alfabetización y concientización en salud, de diálogo y de crítica, con propuestas y contenidos apropiados para cada caso


Over the past few decades, the world has been exposed to a number of threats from emerging viral outbreaks of different kinds. In the face of the new COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, or representations of the disease/health problem, play a determining role. Alphabetize in health is to raise consciousness, to learn to think, to show patients their problematic experience, to inculcate a critical conscience to make them capable of perceiving what is bad, and to discover the means to be used for its improvement. Applying Paulo Freire's process of conscientization, it is possible to pass from a passive conscience to an active critical conscience (conscientization), through an active method of alphabetization and conscientization in health, dialogue and critique, with appropriate proposals and contents for each case


Subject(s)
Humans , Awareness , Motivation , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Literacy/classification , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Pandemics , Health Education/organization & administration , Consumer Health Information/trends
12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32486267

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Elderly caregivers present increased physical and mental health problems. These factors can lead to a lack of autonomy and a need for social support. This study aims to analyse the relationships between perceived social support and mental health status in elderly caregivers aged 65 and older. METHODS: a cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE-17) carried out on 7023 people. The study population was restricted to 431 caregivers aged ≥65 years. A study of the correlation between the mental health state and the perceived social support was carried out. Both variables were related to the sex of the caregiver. RESULTS: Perceived social support by older caregivers is significantly related to mental health (p = 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001). Also, there is a significant relationship between perceived social support and mental well-being (p = 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.005) and stress (p = 0.001) in older women caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Older caregivers have adequate mental well-being and perceive high social support. Perceived social support can contribute to improving the mental well-being of older caregivers.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Caregivers/psychology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Social Support , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Metas enferm ; 23(2): 71-76, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194502

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: establecer los principales determinantes de la estimación de las demandas interpuestas por usuarios del sistema sociosanitario en relación con la aparición de úlceras por presión. MÉTODO: análisis de resoluciones judiciales obtenidas a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos especializadas del sistema jurisprudencial en España entre los años 2007 y 2017 en los órdenes civil, penal y contencioso-administrativo. RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron un total de 22 pronunciamientos, 10 estimatorios y 12 desestimatorios, de los que se extrajeron como principales conclusiones la necesidad de cumplir con la "Lex Artis ad hoc" a través de la aplicación de medidas preventivas y terapéuticas adecuadas, para lo que resulta conveniente el seguimiento de protocolos o guías de práctica clínica, y la relevancia del registro de las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en la historia clínica de los pacientes, documento probatorio de la diligencia de los profesionales en los diferentes procesos judiciales. CONCLUSIONES: además de como medio de aseguramiento de los derechos de los pacientes, el cumplimiento de la "Lex Artis ad hoc", y el registro de la actividad de los profesionales sanitarios en la historia clínica, sirve de defensa de los intereses de los propios profesionales, porque toda actuación ajustada a la "Lex Artis", que conste debidamente diligenciada en la historia clínica, se erige en salvaguarda frente a las demandas judiciales por mala praxis tal y como viene poniendo de manifiesto la jurisprudencia analizada al respecto


OBJECTIVE: to establish the main determining factors used to estimate claims brought by socio-healthcare patients with bed sores. METHOD: analysis of judicial resolutions obtained through an exhaustive search conducted in specialised databases in the Spanish case-law system, between 2007 and 2017, in civil, criminal and contentious-administrative jurisdictions. RESULTS: a total of 22 pronouncements were obtained, 10 ruling in favour and 12 against; the main conclusions drawn included the need to follow "lex artis ad hoc" by applying adequate preventive and therapeutic measures, for which clinical practice protocols or guides are recommended, and the relevance of entering any procedures into each patient's medical records, constituting proof of professional care in various judicial proceedings. CONCLUSIONS: in addition to guaranteeing patient rights, compliance with "lex artis ad hoc" and the entry of healthcare professionals' activity into medical records has become a safeguard to fight malpractice claims in court, as evidenced by the case-law analysed on the matter


Subject(s)
Humans , Liability, Legal , Pressure Ulcer/nursing , Patient Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Health Systems/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Safety/standards , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Risk Factors
14.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 43(2): 128-135, feb. 2020. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-198918

ABSTRACT

El tránsito hacia la jubilación esperada genera alternativas y posibilidades que pueden afectar al bienestar biopsíquico, y que está relacionado con los índices de satisfacción vital y de calidad de vida de las personas mayores. El enfoque, las expectativas y la situación real con la que se encuentra la persona jubilada pueden necesitar estrategias de encauzamiento en esta etapa de la vida, y son un reto para el individuo, para los profesionales de la salud y para la sociedad. El Sistema Nacional de Salud no contempla programas específicos de preparación para la jubilación en la cartera de servicios de Atención Primaria. En la preparación para esta etapa, además de las cuestiones económicas, hay que prestar especial atención a los factores psicológicos específicos que tienen consecuencias para la salud. Aprovechando las estrategias de envejecimiento activo como proceso de optimización de las oportunidades, la enfermera especialista en Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria ha de tomar un papel proactivo y preparar a la población diana para esta etapa de sus vidas. Se proponen tres ejes de actuación basados en las oportunidades, el desarrollo de habilidades personales y sociales y la promoción de la salud y la prevención; desde el empoderamiento para la salud, para lo que es necesario el diseño de programas liderados por enfermeras


The transition to the expected retirement generates alternatives and possibilities that can affect the biopsyic well-being, and it's related to the indices of life satisfaction and quality of life of the elderly. The approach, expectations and the real situation that the retiree is facing may need channeling strategies at this stage of life, and it is a challenge for the individual, for health professionals and for society. The National Health System does not contemplate specific retirement preparation programs in the Primary Care services.In preparing for this stage, in addition to economic issues, special attention must be given to specific psychological factors that have health consequences. Taking advantage of active aging strategies as a process for optimizing opportunities, nurses in family and community healthcare must take a proactive role and prepare the target population for this stage of their lives. Three strategic aims are proposed based on opportunities, the development of personal and social skills and the promotion of health and prevention; from the empowerment to health, for which it is necessary to design programs led by nurses


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Retirement , Community Health Nursing , Aging , Retirement/psychology
15.
Index enferm ; 28(3): 152-156, jul.-sept. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-192672

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: analizar la situación de los recursos que son activos para la salud en España, y su accesibilidad para la población. METODOLOGÍA: estudio descriptivo transversal de los recursos y actividades catalogadas por el Ministerio de Sanidad según la Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención del Sistema Nacional de Salud. RESULTADOS: solo hay 5 recursos por 100.000 habitantes. En 4 de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas es significativamente más alto (p < 0.001), con grandes diferencias en el número de actividades por recurso. El 51,36% de los municipios adheridos o en proceso de adhesión a la Estrategia están solo en 4 Comunidades. No hay un acceso equitativo a dichos recursos y actividades. No constan activos para abordar la seguridad y las lesiones no intencionales. CONCLUSIÓN: hay desigualdades territoriales en la disponibilidad de recursos, incluso dentro de las Comunidades. Se proponen cinco líneas de mejora en las que los profesionales de Enfermería de Atención Primaria tienen un papel clave


OBJECTIVE: to analyze the situation of the resources that are active for health in Spain, and its accessibility for the population. METHODS: a cross-sectional descriptive study of the resources and activities cataloged by the Ministry of Health according to the Strategy of Health Promotion and Prevention of the National Health System. RESULTS: there are only 5 resources per 100,000 population. In 4 of the 17 Autonomous Communities it is significantly higher (p <0.001), with large differences in the number of activities per resource. 51.36% of the municipalities joined or in the process of accession to the Strategy are only in 4 Communities. There is no equitable access to such resources and activities. They do not include assets to address safety and unintentional injury. CONCLUSIONS: there are territorial inequalities in the availability of resources, also within the Communities. Five lines of improvement are proposed where Primary Care Nursing professionals play a key role


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Resources , Diagnosis of Health Situation , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Equity , Cross-Sectional Studies , National Health Systems/organization & administration
16.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 42(6): 424-429, jun. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-186984

ABSTRACT

La Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS) ha emitido en los últimos meses una serie de alertas sanitarias retirando del mercado diversos lotes de medicamentos genéricos que contenían el principio activo valsartán, y más recientemente al irbesartán, debido a la presencia de una impureza, la N-nitrosodimetila-mina (NDMA), una sustancia tóxica para el hígado y probablemente carcinogénica. Como consecuencia de esta situación, se ha avivado la polémica que las diferencias entre medicamentos genéricos e innovadores despierta en la opinión pública y en algunos ámbitos profesionales. Los medicamentos genéricos con-tienen los mismos principios activos y se presentan en la misma forma farmacéutica, comparten calidad, seguridad y eficacia, y están sometidos a los mismos controles que los de referencia. Sin embargo, mientras que para acreditar la eficacia y la seguridad de un medicamento de referencia es necesario realizar ensayos clínicos, los genéricos pueden hacerlo demostrando su bioequivalencia con un medicamento ya autorizado. Las alertas emitidas demuestran que el sistema de control rutinario de fármacos funciona bien, pero también ha servido para dar un aviso a las administraciones públicas, quienes deben comprender que no se puede centrar la política de medicamentos únicamente en el ahorro y en precios bajos, ya que esto muchas veces conlleva riesgos para los con-sumidores. Sin duda, deben intensificarse tan-to las regulaciones sanitarias como la farmacovigilancia, para poder identificar a tiempo este tipo de riesgos sanitarios y prevenirlos o, al menos, reducirlos


The Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS) has issued a series of health alerts in the last few months removing from the market several batches of generic medicines containing the active ingredient valsartan, and more recently irbesartan, due to the presence of an impurity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), toxic to the liver and probably carcinogenic. As a result of this situation, the controversy that the differences between generic and innovative medicines arouse in public opinion and in some professional fields has been stoked. Generic medicines contain the same active ingredients and are presented in the same pharmaceutical form, share quality, safety and efficacy, and are subject to the same controls as the reference ones. However, while accrediting the efficacy and safety of a reference medicine requires clinical trials, generics can do so by demonstrating their bioequivalence with an already authorized medicine. The warnings issued show that the routine drug control system works well, but it has also served to give notice to public administrations, who must understand that the drug policy can not be focused solely on savings and low prices, since that this often entails risks for consumers. Undoubtedly, both sanitary regulations and pharmacovigilance must be intensified in order to identify these types of health risks in time and prevent them or, at least, reduce them


Subject(s)
Humans , Government Agencies , Legislation, Drug , Drugs, Generic/standards , Generic Drug Policy , Drugs, Generic/economics , Spain
17.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 42(2): 102-107, feb. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-186835

ABSTRACT

Las úlceras por presión constituyen, en nuestro entorno sanitario, uno de los eventos adversos más prevalentes relaciona-dos con los cuidados, situándose a su vez entre los que con mayor probabilidad pueden ser evitados. Ante esta realidad, y tomando como referencia una sentencia estimatoria, se analizan todas aquellas cuestiones legales que se han valorado en dicho procedimiento judicial para dictar la correspondiente resolución. Informar y reflejar las intervenciones en la historia clínica es fundamental para la determinación de responsabilidad


Pressure ulcers constitute, in our health system, one of the ad-verse events with a highest prevalence related to care, placing among those more easily to avoid. Attending to this fact, and taking a particular estimated sentence as an example, we have analyzed all those legal questions that have been valued to solve the mentioned judicial procedure in order to adopt a position and give a judgment. Informing and reflecting our interventions in the medical records are considered keys to determine responsibility


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pressure Ulcer/nursing , Judicial Role , Intensive Care Units/legislation & jurisprudence , Nursing Care , Intensive Care Units , Severity of Illness Index
18.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 42(1): 56-65, ene. 2019.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-186441

ABSTRACT

La fragilidad es actualmente un importante reto de salud pública, tanto en España como en los países de nuestro en-torno, relacionado con el envejecimiento de la población y sus consecuencias, como el aumento de la dependencia. Para mantener la autonomía el abordaje de la fragilidad es uno de los elementos fundamentales para afrontarlo, ya que supone un estado previo a la discapacidad que se puede prevenir, e incluso revertir si se detecta a tiempo. Se estima que entre un 7 y un 12 % de los mayores de 65 años están en una situación de fragilidad que les hace más vulnerables a entrar en situación de dependencia. La fragilidad es más frecuente en las mujeres y aumenta con la edad. Los nuevos conocimientos, y los interrogantes que se abren, cambian el panorama de la prevención, la detección precoz y el tratamiento de la fragilidad. En este sentido, la aparición en el año 2014 del "Documento de consenso sobre la prevención de fragilidad y caídas en la persona mayor", en el marco de la Estrategia de promoción de la salud y prevención en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, del Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, trata de homogeneizar esas cuestiones y establece recomendaciones para la prevención y el cribado de la fragilidad


Fragility is currently an important public health challenge, both in Spain and in the countries of our environment, related to the aging of the population and its consequences, such as the in-crease in dependence. To maintain autonomy, the approach to frailty is one of the fundamental elements to face it, since it sup-poses a pre-disability state that can be prevented, and even re-versed if it is detected in time. It is estimated that between 7 and 12 % of those over 65 are in a situation of fragility that makes them more vulnerable to becoming dependent. Fragility is more frequent in women and increases with age. The new knowledge and the questions that are opened, change the landscape of prevention, early detection and the treatment of frailty. In 2014 it is published the "Consensus document on the prevention of frailty and falls in the elderly", within the framework of the Strategy for the promotion of health and prevention in the National Health System, of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, tries to homogenize these issues, and establishes recommendations for the prevention and screening of fragity


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Frail Elderly , Frailty/prevention & control , Frailty/nursing , Education, Nursing
19.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 29(3): 110-116, sept. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-175042

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Las caídas son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en adultos mayores. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de caídas en personas mayores institucionalizadas durante el año 2014 y conocer las características de las caídas, los factores asociados a ellas y sus consecuencias. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Caídas de la OMS, el Mini-examen Cognoscitivo de Lobo, el índice de Barthel, la escala de Norton y la escala de Tinetti. Las variables antropométricas fueron: edad, sexo, talla e índice de masa corporal, y las variables clínico-funcionales: movilidad, dificultad en acciones, ayuda técnica a la deambulación, enfermedades, fármacos, medicación, etc. Resultados: De los 100 residentes institucionalizados que conformaron la población, sufrieron caídas un 32%. La pérdida de equilibrio fue la causa principal. Los factores asociados más indicativos fueron las caídas previas, los trastornos de la marcha, el deterioro cognitivo, la polifarmacia y la incontinencia urinaria. El 50% de las personas que se cayeron sufrió heridas y contusiones. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de caídas en el sistema sociosanitario es elevada. Se encontró asociación entre los factores de riesgo asociados a las caídas y el riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión según la escala de Norton. La planificación de futuros estudios con seguimiento individualizado de los residentes permitiría conocer su evolución, características y tipos


Aim: Falls are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of falls in institutionalized elderly during 2014 and to know the characteristics of falls, factors associated with them and their consequences. Methodology: A crosssectional descriptive study. The measurement instruments used were the questionnaire Falls of WHO, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Barthel index, the Norton scale and Tinetti scale. Anthropometric variables were age, sex, height and body mass index, and the clinical and functional variables: mobility, difficulty in stocks, technical assistance with ambulation, diseases, drugs, medication, etc. Results: 100 institutionalized residents who formed the population suffered falls by 32%. Loss of balance was the main cause. The most indicative associated factors were previous falls, gait disorders, cognitive impairment, polypharmacy and urinary incontinence. Suffering cuts and bruises 50% of those who fell. Conclusions: The prevalence of falls in the social services system is high. Association between the risk factors associated with falls and the risk of pressure ulcers as Norton scale was found. Planning future studies with individual monitoring of residents would know its evolution, characteristics and types


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Risk Factors , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Personal Autonomy , Gait , Cognition
20.
Rev Enferm ; 40(3): 57-65, 2017 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30277695

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, social and health representatives are putting the focus on emerging need: promote intergenerational programs and practices to generate spaces of encounter and collaboration between people of different ages. According to it, the purpose of intergenerational practices should be to achieve as aim for a society for all ages, regardless of age, an expression proposed by United Nations, not only to integrate all ages but to respond to their needs and provide them a higher quality of life.


Subject(s)
Intergenerational Relations , Population Dynamics , Humans
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