Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in an intensive irrigation area and effects on littoral water and groundwater (Yaqui Valley, Northwestern Mexico).

The Yaqui River Irrigation District is a region in Mexico with intensive agricultural production; thus, large quantities of fertilizers are used, and excess fertilizer can affect the quality of water bodies. The aim of this work was to estimate the water budget and nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) mass budgets to evaluate possible contamination of a littoral water body (Tóbari Bay) and leachates into an aquifer (Yaqui Valley aquifer). Wheat and corn crops were studied, climate information was compiled, and soil and water samples were collected for analysis. The water budget showed excess irrigation occurred due to the need for soil washing to prevent salinization. A total of 24% of all irrigation water was used for crops, 60% was discharged into the bay through runoff of the drainage system, and 16% corresponded to effective infiltration (aquifer recharge). The N budget showed that of the 100% N input, the highest percentage was used by plants (63%), and only minimal loss occurred through runoff (11%) and leachate into the aquifer (7%). The remaining N stayed in the soil (18%) or was volatilized (1%). These results indicate that the drainage system prevented large amounts of N from entering the aquifer; thus, the N concentrations in the groundwater did not exceed the regulated maximum limit for drinking water (10 mg N-NO3/L). In terms of the water pollution level in the bay, the presence of NO3- was minimal (concentrations below the quasintifiable limit). Of the 100% of P that was applied, 55% was used by the plants, and 40% remained in the soil; therefore, the P that was transported by runoff or was leached was minimal (3 and 2%, respectively). However, this minimal amount of P ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/L in the bay, and these values exceeded the suggested values for the protection of aquatic life (0.01 mg/L). The administrators of the irrigation district must pay special attention to phosphate fertilizer management and implement irrigation techniques that increase water use efficiency.

Result of the implementation of telematic consultations in orthopaedic surgery and traumatology during COVID-19 laparoscopic surgery. / Resultado de la implantación de consultas telemáticas en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología durante la pandemia COVID-19.

The COVID pandemic has made telematic consultations a basic tool in daily practice. AIMS: The main objective of the study is to assess the results of the application of telematic consultations to limit the mobility of patients. The operational objectives are; to propose a consultation plan, to know how attendance limits consultations and to define which pathologies benefit the most from this plan. METHODS: A scheme is proposed with the creation of pre-scheduled clinic to assess suitability and the possibility of carrying them out in a single non face-to-face act. RESULTS: Phone call to 5,619 patients were made with a lack of response of 19%. The cases of 74% of the patients that answered were resolved virtually. There is a difference between units, obtaining a higher answering rate from patients appointed to specific clinic units, OR = 0.60, or to general trauma ones, OR = 0.67. The lowest answering rate was obtained from those derived from the emergency department. Twenty per cent of the consultations were not accompanied by complementary tests that would have favored the resolution in a single act. The general trauma consultations, OR = 0.34, postoperative control, OR = 0.49, and specific unit ones, OR = 0.40, were the ones that better met this requirement. Out of the remaining patients, the general trauma consultations, OR = 0.50, and those referred to units, OR = 0.54, were the ones that had a higher resolution rate without in- person consultation. CONCLUSIONS: The cases of 74% of the patients who answered the phone call were resolved virtually. Cases of 20% of the patients cannot be solved in a single act because they are derived without complementary tests. Osteosynthesis and postoperative arthroscopic follow-up consultations are the ones that need to be carried out in person the most.

Fractal signatures of the COVID-19 spread.

Recent quantitative approaches for studying several aspects of urban life and infrastructure have shown that scale properties allow the understanding of many features of urban infrastructure and of human activity in cities. In this paper, we show that COVID-19 virus contamination follows a similar pattern in different regions of the world. The superlinear power-law behavior for the number of contamination cases as a function of the city population, with exponent ß of the order of 1.15 is always obtained. Due to the strong indication that scaling is a determinant feature of covid-19 spread, we propose an epidemiological model that embodies a fractal structure, allowing a more detailed description of the observed data about the virus spread in different countries and regions. The hypothesis that fractal structures can be formed in cities as well as in larger networks is tested, indicating that indeed self-similarity may be found in networks connecting several cities.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in an experimental murine model.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a pathological condition without effective established treatment and preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) in an experimental murine model of osteonecrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 38 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with zoledronic acid. After treatment, upper jaw molars were extracted. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the control group, saline solution was applied over the alveolar sockets after the tooth extractions. In the treatment group, ASCs were applied instead of saline solution. The control and treatment groups were subdivided based on the time of euthanasia. A clinical and histological analysis was performed. RESULTS: The presence of osteonecrosis in alveolar bone was observed in a similar distribution in both groups. In the ASC-treated group, new bone formation was greater than in controls. CONCLUSION: In this study, application of ASCs showed greater new bone formation in an osteonecrosis-like murine model. Previous inhibited post-extraction bone remodelling could be reactivated, and these findings appeared to be secondary to implantation of ASCs.

Immunopathological evaluation of recombinant mycobacterial antigen Hsp65 expressed in Lactococcus lactis as a novel vaccine candidate.

Bovine tuberculosis (TBB) is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide and is of great importance for public health and the livestock industry. Several experimental vaccines against this disease have been evaluated in recent years, yielding varying results. An example is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which has been used extensively in humans and tested in cattle showing mixed results related to protection (0-80%) against Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, we used the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis as an expression system for production of mycobacterial protein Hsp65. For this purpose, the construction of a replicable plasmid in strain NZ9000 L. lactis (pVElepr) was conducted, which expressed the Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 antigen, and was recognized by traded anti-Hsp65 antibodies. The strain NZ9000-pVElepr was applied to calves that were negative to tuberculin test and the immune response was monitored. The results showed that immune response was not significantly increased in calves with NZ9000-pVElepr with respect to control groups, and no injury was observed in any lung or lymph of the calves. Finally, this study suggest that the recombinant NZ9000 strain of L. lactis may protect against the development of M. bovis infection, although studies with longer exposure to this pathogen are necessary to conclude the matter.

Polyetheretherketone custom-made implants for craniofacial defects: Report of 14 cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial defects tend to carry functional and esthetic consequences for the patient. The complex shapes in this region make such reconstructions a challenging procedure and the most suitable material to be used remains controversial. METHODS: We report a series of 14 patients whose craniofacial defects were reconstructed using a computer designed PEEK-PSI (Polyetheretherketone- Patient Specific Implant). We analyzed the complications and outcomes of PEEK custom-made implants and compared our results with those of other case series reported in the current literature. RESULTS: Fourteen patients underwent craniofacial reconstruction using a PEEK-PSI. Three cases involved a one-step primary reconstruction and the rest of cases underwent a delayed reconstruction. Two cases (14.3 %) presented infection and only in one case was the implant definitively removed. Esthetic results were considered to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION: With CAD-CAM techniques, it is possible to prefabricate an individual implant. The ideal material for reconstructing maxillofacial defects does not exist, but PEEK has demonstrated good outcomes. When autologous bone is not available or, in selected cases with large or complex defects in the maxillofacial area, PEEK is one of the best options to reconstruct these defects. However, further studies are needed to determine the long-term results.

Surgical Gown's Cuff Modification to Prevent Surgical Contamination.

The gown-glove interface is the weakest point in the barrier system of gown and glove protection for the surgeon. We are herein presenting an easy modification in the cuff of the gown that increases the security of the gown-glove interface.

Adenoma pleomorfo de lóbulo profundo de parótida. Diagnóstico diferencial de masas en el espacio parafaríngeo / No disponible

No disponible

The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial.

Tooth sensitivity is a common clinical problem. This multi-center randomized clinical trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of topical diammine silver fluoride. From two sites (Lima and Cusco, Peru), 126 adults with at least one tooth sensitive to compressed air were randomly assigned to either the experimental treatment or sterile water, and pain was assessed by means of a 100-mm visual analogue scale at 24 hours and 7 days. The diammine silver fluoride reduced pain at 7 days at both sites. At the Lima site, the average change in pain scores between baseline and day 7 for the silver fluoride group was -35.8 (SD = 27.7) mm vs. 0.4 (SD = 16.2) mm for the control group (P < 0.001). In Cusco, the average change in pain scores for the silver fluoride group was -23.4 (SD = 21.0) mm and -5.5 (18.1) mm for the control group (P = 0.002). No tissue ulceration, white changes, or argyria was observed. A small number of participants in the silver fluoride group experienced a mild but transient increase in erythema in the gingiva near the tooth. No changes were observed in the Gingival Index. We concluded that diammine silver fluoride is a clinically effective and safe tooth desensitizer.

Differential expression of functional nucleoside transporters in non-differentiated and differentiated human endothelial progenitor cells.

Extracellular adenosine removal is via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2) in the endothelium, thus regulating adenosine-induced revascularization and angiogenesis. Since human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) promote revascularization, we hypothesize differential expression of nucleoside transporters in hEPCs. hEPCs were cultured 3 (hEPC-3d) or 14 (hEPC-14d) days. RT-PCR for prominin 1, CD34, octamer-4, kinase insert domain receptor, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 and tyrosine endothelial kinase was used to evaluate phenotypic differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to estimate CD34(+)/KDR(-) (non-differentiated), CD34(-)/KDR(+) (differentiated) or CD34(+)/KDR(+) (mixed) cell populations. Adenosine transport was measured in absence or presence of sodium, S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thio-inosine (NBTI, 1-10 µM), inosine, hypoxanthine or guanine (0.1-5 mM), hENTs protein abundance by western blot, and hENTs, hCNT1, hCNT2 and hCNT3 mRNA expression by real time RT-PCR. hEPC-3d cells were CD34(+)/KDR(-) compared with hEPC-14d cells that were CD34(-)/KDR(+). hEPC-3d cells exhibit hENT1-like adenosine transport (NBTI-sensitive, Na(+)-independent), which is absent in hEPC-14d cells. hEPC-14d cells exhibit two transport components: component 1 (NBTI insensitive, Na(+)-independent) and component 2 (NBTI insensitive, Na(+)-dependent, Hill coefficient ∼1.8), the latter resembling CNT3-like transport. hEPC-3d cells express hENT1 protein and mRNA, which is reduced (∼90%) in hEPC-14d cells, but instead only hCNT3 mRNA is expressed in this cell type. hENT2, hCNT1 and hCNT2 were undetectable in hEPCs. Thus, hEPCs exhibit a differential expression of hENT1 and hCNT3 functional nucleoside transporters, which could be related with its differentiation stage.

Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate exert a protective effect against carbon starvation and frozen conditions in Sphingopyxis chilensis.

Several bacterial species have developed physiological response to avoid the cellular damage when are exposed to carbon starvation or frozen stress. For example survival to inanition has been related to endogenous substrates consumptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate if poly-beta-hydroxylkanoates (PHA) consumption enable Sphingopyxis chilensis S37 to survive under carbon starvation or frozen condition. Bacterial cells were grown in R(2)A broth for 48 h, and suspended in mineral saline solutions, without carbon source. The cellular suspension was incubated for 48 or 120 h at 30 degrees C, followed by a frozen period of 48 h at -20 degrees C, and viable bacterial cells were evaluated by the microdrop method. The proportions of cells with PHA were also determined by flow cytometry using Nile Red dye. The results indicate that S. chilensis were able to survive under carbon starvation and frozen conditions. Simultaneously, a decrease in the number of cells containing PHA, and a decrease in the biovolume of the cells (c.a 2.5 times) were also observed under these conditions. The results suggest that consumptions of PHA contributed to the surviving of S. chilensis under frozen stress.

Fracaso de la osteosíntesis mandibular. Consideraciones biomecánicas y tratamiento. A propósito de dos casos clínicos / Mandibular osteosynthesis failure. Biomechanical and therapeutic considerations. Two clinical cases

Introducción: El fracaso de la osteosíntesis mandibular no es unasituación frecuente. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar su etiología yesbozar su tratamiento.Material y métodos: Se presentan dos casos clínicos en los que se produjo unfracaso de la osteosíntesis y se indica su tratamiento.Discusión: Se analiza la etiología del fracaso y cómo, con la terapéutica adecuada,se consigue una regeneración ósea. Un conocimiento exacto de lascaracterísticas biomecánicas del sistema masticatorio, ayuda a abordar estapatología.Conclusión: Una fijación rígida con placas tipo “lock” junto a injerto esponjosoautólogo de cresta iliaca es la clave del éxito terapéutico(AU)

Introduction: Mandibular osteosynthesis failure is notcommon. The purpose of this article is to examine the etiology andtreatment of mandibular osteosynthesis failure.Material and methods: Two clinical cases of mandibularosteosynthesis failure and its treatment are reported.Discussion: The etiology of osteosynthesis failure and boneregeneration with suitable treatment is analyzed Exact knowledgeof the biomechanical characteristics of the masticatory system isuseful in approaching this condition.Conclusion: Rigid fixation with locking plates and autologous graftsof iliac crest cancellous bone are the key to therapeutic success(AU)

The Guyuron retroauricular island flap for eyelid and eye socket reconstruction in children.

A complete loss of palpebral tissue can occur following a congenital malformation, tumour resection or traumatic injury. This article presents the authors' clinical experience with upper eyelid reconstruction in children using the Guyuron retroauricular island flap. Five cases of severe eyelid defects in children aged between 5 days and 10 years of age (three patients following enucleation and two presenting upper eyelid coloboma of approximately two-thirds of the upper eyelid surface) were treated using this technique. In all cases an optimal closure of the eyelid fissure was achieved and corneal exposure clinically improved. On average, 15% of the initial flap surface was lost. Only one major complication (40% flap necrosis) was reported in the postoperative period. This reconstructive technique can provide complete eyelid reconstruction leaving an inconspicuous scar and causing limited morbidity at the donor zone.

Fibula free flap splitting for mandible reconstruction: A technical note.

Conformation of the fibula flap to passively adapt to the remaining mandible may be indeed challenging. A review of the 'axial splitting' technique for fibula free flaps is presented with a novel method of osteosynthesis. Adequate mandibular angle shape is achieved by performing this type of osteotomy with a minimal use of titanium hardware for flap insetting.

[Sagittal sinus thrombosis as a rare cause of postpartum headache: a case report]. / Trombosis del seno sagital cerebral: causa infrecuente de cefalea del postparto: a propósito de un caso.

Postpartum cerebral vein thrombosis is a very rare entity (3-4 cases per million). Clinical manifestations vary, though persistent headache is almost always reported, meaning that differential diagnosis should be performed to rule out other causes of postpartum headache. Recognized risk factors for this disease are the prothrombotic state of pregnancy (third trimester), excess weight, and thrombophilia Accidental dural puncture, protein C and S deficiencies, factor V Leiden mutation, antiphospholipid syndrome, and the use of oral contraceptives have also been implicated. The diagnostic test of choice is magnetic resonance imaging, as it is convenient and harmless, though transcranial Doppler ultrasound can also be used. Pulmonary angiography is the gold-standard test. The treatment of choice is anticoagulant therapy with heparin (a treatment that is controversial, however, due to the high risk of rebleeding), followed by long-term treatment with antivitamin K drugs. We report a case of thrombosis of the upper longitudinal sinus associated with persistent postpartum headache and a history of a failed attempt at epidural puncture for analgesia during labor. The case posed interesting diagnostic questions.

Trombosis del seno sagital cerebral: causa infrecuentede cefalea del postparto: a propósito de un caso / Sagittal sinus thrombosis as a rare cause of postpartum headache: a case report

Las trombosis venosas cerebrales del postparto sonuna entidad muy poco frecuente (3-4 casos por millón).Sus manifestaciones clínicas son variadas, siendo la cefaleapersistente casi una constante, lo que implica hacerun diagnóstico diferencial con otras causas de cefaleadurante el puerperio. Los factores predisponentes reconocidosde ésta patología son el estado protrombótico delembarazo (tercer trimestre), el sobrepeso y la existenciade trombofilias. Además se han implicado en su producciónla punción dural accidental, la existencia de deficienciasde proteína C y S, Factor V Leiden, el síndromeantifosfolípido e ingesta de anticonceptivos orales. Laprueba diagnóstica de elección es por su comodidad einocuidad la resonancia magnética, aunque puede utilizarsetambién la ecografía Doppler transcraneal. Laarteriografía es la prueba de referencia. El tratamientode elección es la anticoagulación con heparina (controvertidopor el riesgo elevado de nuevo sangrado), seguidade fármacos antivitamina K durante largos periodos.Describimos un caso de trombosis de seno longitudinalsuperior en el contexto de una cefalea persistente duranteel puerperio con el antecedente de intento fallido depunción epidural para analgesia de trabajo de parto quesupuso un interesante dilema diagnóstico (AU)

Postpartum cerebral vein thrombosis is a very rareentity (3-4 cases per million). Clinical manifestationsvary, though persistent headache is almost alwaysreported, meaning that differential diagnosis should beperformed to rule out other causes of postpartumheadache. Recognized risk factors for this disease are theprothrombotic state of pregnancy (third trimester),excess weight, and thrombophilia Accidental duralpuncture, protein C and S deficiencies, factor V Leidenmutation, antiphospholipid syndrome, and the use of oralcontraceptives have also been implicated. The diagnostictest of choice is magnetic resonance imaging, as it isconvenient and harmless, though transcranial Dopplerultrasound can also be used. Pulmonary angiography isthe gold-standard test. The treatment of choice isanticoagulant therapy with heparin (a treatment that iscontroversial, however, due to the high risk ofrebleeding), followed by long-term treatment withantivitamin K drugs. We report a case of thrombosis ofthe upper longitudinal sinus associated with persistentpostpartum headache and a history of a failed attempt atepidural puncture for analgesia during labor. The caseposed interesting diagnostic questions (AU)

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on oxidative status and metabolic profile in overweight women.

Despite extensive research, the effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation remain controversial. Few studies have been focused on obese and overweight people. We examined the effects of alpha-tocopherol (AT) on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in overweight women. Sixteen overweight women between the ages of 40-60 years old, received AT, 800 IU/day during 12 weeks, followed by a 6-week washout period. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and then every 6 weeks until the end of the study. AT, retinol, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress. The metabolic profile was estimated by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in erythrocytes and glucose, phosphate, magnesium, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in serum. Under AT administration HbA1c, serum- MDA levels and erythrocyte GPx activity were markedly reduced. TAS, AT and Mg2+ concentrations in serum and SOD activity in erythrocytes were higher after AT treatment. Body weight; glucose, lipid and retinol concentrations, or blood cells count were unchanged. Lipid peroxidation was considerably reduced in AT treated women and also improved serum antioxidant status was observed, but the imbalanced response between erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities could affect normal response to oxidative stress.

La enfermedad de Kimura: comunicación de un caso en un varón caucásico y revisión de la literatura / Kimura disease: Report of a case in a Caucasian male and revision of the literature

La enfermedad de Kimura es un trastorno inflamatorio que afecta principalmente a sujetos de origen asiático. Se manifiesta por la existencia de masas de tejido subcutáneo y subplatismal generalmente en la cabeza y el cuello. Suele acompañarse de linadenopatías, y aumento de los niveles de eosinófilos e IgE en sangre periférica. Comunicamos un caso de enfermedad de Kimura, descubierto en un varón caucasiano, tras una biopsiaexcisional de una masa cervical

Kimura disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder mainlyinvolving Asians. It often presents as soft-tissue nodes or lymphadenopathy of the head and neck. Commonly associated with increased levels of eosinophils and IgE in peripheral blood. We report a case of Kimura disease in a Caucasian, diagnosed after lymph node and submaxillary gland removal

[Cranial reconsctruction with titanium mesh and hydroxyapatite cement]. / Reconstrucción craneal mediante malla de titano y cemento de apatita carbonatada.

We report the case of a 45 year old patient who was affected by an infectious disease of the temporal bone, after the surgical treatment of a meningioma in the greater sphenoid wing. This infection healed after the resection of the craniotomy flap. The remaining bone defect was reconstructed using a titanium mesh covered by hydroxyapatite cement (Norian). The result was excellent due to the strength of the titanium mesh and the volume and contour offered by the hydroxyapatite cement.

Micellar behavior of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in water-alcohol mixtures.

The effect of butanol and benzyl alcohol on the critical micelle concentration and the degree of ionization of micelles of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride has been studied conductometrically in the temperature range of 5 to 40 degrees C at 5 degrees C intervals. The results indicate that some self-association process of benzyl alcohol in the aqueous phase commences when its concentration amounts to ca 0.05 m. By applying the theoretical treatment suggested by Motomura for binary surfactant systems, the molar fraction of alcohol in the micelle and the standard free energy of solubilization were estimated from the dependence of cmc on temperature and alcohol concentration. For comparative purposes the micellar properties of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide in water-alcohol systems at 25 degrees C have also been studied.