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1.
Chem Biodivers ; 21(3): e202302095, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334300

ABSTRACT

Herein we report on the generation of hairy root lines of P. scaberrima able to produce hernandulcin (HE), a non-caloric sweetener with nutraceutical properties. From ten different lines analyzed, three synthesized up to 100 mg ⋅ L-1 HE under the batch culture conditions standardized in this investigation. Adding elicitors (salicylic acid, chitin, Glucanex, polyethylene glycol) and biosynthetic precursors (farnesol and (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol) significantly altered HE accumulation. Chitin and Glucanex enhanced HE production from 130 to 160 mg ⋅ L-1 , whereas farnesol and (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol from 165 to 200 mg ⋅ L-1 without dependence on biomass accumulation. Improved batch cultures containing liquid Murashige & Skoog medium (MS; pH 7), added with 4 % sucrose, 0.5 mg ⋅ L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid, 100 mg ⋅ L-1 Glucanex, 150 mg ⋅ L-1 chitin, 250 mg ⋅ L-1 farnesol, and 150 mg ⋅ L-1 (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol at 25 °C (12 h light/12 h darkness), triggered HE accumulation to 250 mg ⋅ L-1 in 25 days. The efficiency of each recombinant line is discussed.


Subject(s)
Farnesol , Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes , Sesquiterpenes , Sweetening Agents , Sweetening Agents/analysis , Farnesol/analysis , Dietary Supplements , Chitin/analysis , Plant Roots/chemistry
2.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 6(7): 941-950, Jul. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223354

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad específica de lectina en teosinte Zea diploperennis sano e infectado con Ustilago maydis.Materiales y métodos: Plántulas de Zea diploperennis de 6 días de crecimiento fueron inoculadas con Ustilago maydis. Se evaluó la concentración de proteínas totales y la actividad hemaglutinante de extractos crudos de teosinte sano e infectado en placas de microtitulación con eritrocitos tipo O al 3% siguiendo la técnica de diluciones dobles seriadas durante 6 días. Resultados: La concentración de proteínas totales se incrementa en coleoptilo sano durante cada día de su crecimiento. No así en teosinte infectado donde la curva presenta una tendencia a la baja desde el momento de la inoculación. La actividad específica de lectina disminuye en ambos casos desde el primer día de cuantificación. Conclusiones: La evidente reducción en la actividad de lectina en teosinte infectado en comparación con teosinte sano podría explicar la susceptibilidad de este teosinte a dicho fitopatógeno. Si bien, la participación de las lectinas de teosinte y maíz en el mecanismo de defensa a Ustilago maydis todavía no ha sido esclarecida, los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la comprensión del efecto que puede tener la concentración de lectina y proteína sobre la resistencia en teosinte.(AU)


Objective: To evaluate the specific activity of lectin in healthy and infected teosinte Zea diploperennis with Ustilago maydis. Materials and methods: Zea diploperennis seedlings of 6 days of growth were inoculated with Ustilago maydis. Total protein concentration and hemagglutinating activity of crude extracts of healthy and infected teosinte were evaluated in microtiter plates with 3% type O red cells following the technique of serial double dilutions for 6 days. Results: The concentration of total proteins increases in healthy coleoptile during each day of its growth. Not so in infected teosinte where the curve shows a downward trend from the moment of inoculation. The specific lectin activity decreases in both cases from the first day of quantification. Conclusions: The evident reduction in lectin activity in infected teosinte compared to healthy teosinte could explain the susceptibility of this teosinte to said phytopathogen. Although the participation of the teosinte and corn lectins in the defense mechanism against Ustilago maydis has not yet been clarified, the results obtained contribute to the understanding of the effect that the concentration of lectin and protein can have on resistance in teosinte.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Zea mays , Ustilago maydis , Lectins
3.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 25(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191451

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: En la etapa lactante los patrones de consumo alimentario (PCA) adecuados pueden mantener el correcto estado nutricional. La presente investigación buscó asociar el PCA durante la alimentación complementaria con el estado nutricional en lactantes. MÉTODOS:Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico (mayo-julio de 2017) con población lactante (n=35, femeninos 60% y masculinos 40%) de 4 a 12 meses de edad del municipio de Santo Domingo, Oaxaca. Se evaluó el estado nutricional con indicadores (Peso/Edad, Peso/Longitud y Longitud/Edad), así como se realizó valoración dietética aplicada a las madres o cuidadoras. RESULTADOS: El 68,57% de los lactantes presentaron un estado de nutrición normal. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el adecuado estado de nutrición y el consumo de verduras, cereales sin grasa, alimentos de origen animal, leche, aceites sin proteína y con proteína. La asociación del estado de nutrición con el PCA no fue significativa (p=0,501). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el adecuado estado de nutrición y el consumo de ciertos alimentos. El balance energético positivo de los lactantes es un factor que conduce a un sesgo de información, ya que el PCA inadecuado en esta etapa y la ingesta elevada de calorías incrementa el peso corporal


BACKGROUND: In the lactating stage, adequate dietary consumption patterns (PCA) can maintain the correct nutritional status. The present investigation seeks to associate the PCA during complementary feeding with the nutritional status in infants. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was included (May-July 2017) with a lactating population (n=35, 60% female and 40% male) from 4 to 12 months of age born from the Santo Domingo, Oaxaca. The nutritional status was evaluated with indicators (Weight/Age, Weight/Length and Length/Age), as well as dietary assessment applied to mothers or caregivers. RESULTS: 68.57% of infants had a normal nutritional status. A significant association was found between the proper state of nutrition and the consumptionof vegetables, non-fat cereals, foods of animal origin, milk, oils without protein and with protein. The association of the nutritional status with the PCA was not significant (p = 0.501). CONCLUSIONS: A significant association was found between the proper state of nutrition and the consumption of certain foods. The positive energy balance of infants is a factor that leads to information bias, since inadequate PCA at this stage and high calorie intake increases body weight


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Infant Nutrition , Infant Food/classification , Nutritional Requirements/physiology , Recommended Dietary Allowances/trends , Infant Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Mexico/epidemiology , Food, Fortified/analysis , Serving Size/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status/physiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
4.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(7): 864-874, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29414966

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a worldwide public health problem. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial and is characterized by great heterogeneity of metabolic disorders. The most common are the insufficient production of insulin, insulin resistance and impaired incretin system. The specialist must understand the multi-causal nature of DM2 in the post-genomic era. This nature is determined by the additive effect of genes and environment, so there is no simple genetic epidemiological model to explain the inheritance pattern. Hence the need to establish the proportion of disease that is determined by genes and the contribution of environmental factors, the combination of which regulates the threshold or tolerance level for diabetes development. Given this complexity in DM2 in this work are discussed the various existing theories of causality of this disease, which will permit us to understand the interaction between the environment and the human genome, and also to know how risk factors or predisposition to this disease influence, laying the grounds that delimit environment interaction with the genome.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Gene-Environment Interaction , Aging , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Food/adverse effects , Genotype , Humans , Oxidative Stress , Phenotype , Risk Factors
5.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 19(1): 101-120, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711045

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es uno de los principales padecimientos crónicos degenerativos en México. Diversos tratamientos se usan para atender a la población oaxaqueña de este país, incluido el empleo de plantas medicinales. Objetivo: efectuar una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva a través de plataformas electrónicas científicas, con el objetivo de hallar datos sobre plantas antidiabéticas y sus extractos con efecto hipoglucemiante, que son usadas empíricamente en Oaxaca, México. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de estudios científicos concernientes a la evaluación de la actividad biológica (que incluyen pruebas in vitro e in vivo) y la química de plantas comúnmente utilizadas para el tratamiento de la diabetes en el estado de Oaxaca, México. Resultados: se presentan 35 plantas de 22 familias botánicas que se usan para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, entre ellas se cuenta con un número mayor de especies de las familias Lamiaceae, Cecropiaceae y Equisetaceae. De las 35 especies, 23 sustentan su acción antidiabética en modelos animales y solo en 19 se lograron identificar los compuestos con actividad hipoglucemiante. Conclusión: aproximadamente 77 % de estas plantas cuenta con estudios sobre el efecto de sus extractos o bien acerca de sus metabolitos secundarios individuales. Algunas plantas usadas empíricamente en el estado de Oaxaca, México, contienen flavonoides y terpenos bien identificados con actividad antioxidante e inhibitoria de enzimas del metabolismo de carbohidratos. Miembros específicos de estas familias de metabolitos poseen efecto evidente en la regulación de la glucemia bajo previos bioensayos in vivo o in vitro. Estos hallazgos sustentan de modo coherente el uso milenario de las especies aquí tratadas.


Introduction: type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most common chronic degenerative diseases in Mexico. Medicinal plants are one of the treatments provided to the Oaxacan population suffering from this disease. Objective: carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review in electronic scientific databases with the purpose of collecting information about antidiabetic plants and hypoglycemic extracts empirically used in Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: an exhaustive bibliographic search was conducted for scientific studies dealing with the biological activity (in vitro and in vivo tests) and chemical characteristics of plants commonly used to treat diabetes in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Results: a presentation is made of 35 plants from 22 botanical families which are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most of these species are from the families Lamiaceae, Cecropiaceae and Equisetaceae. In 23 of the 35 species, antidiabetic action was tested in animal models, and only in 19 of them could compounds with hypoglycemic activity be identified. Conclusion: about 77 % of these plants have reports on the effect of their extracts or their individual secondary metabolites. Some of the plants used empirically in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, contain clearly identified flavonoids and terpenes with antioxidant activity and inhibitory action on enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Previous in vitro and in vivo assays have shown that certain members of these metabolite families have an obvious effect on glycemia regulation. These findings consistently support the millenarian use of the species herein dealt with.

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