ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Clonidine, a alpha2-receptor agonist, has sedative and decrease the MAC of anesthetics. Clonidine also has analgesic properties following intrathecal administration. This study evaluates the effects of clonidine on the onset time and duration of analgesia when added to bupivacaine for brachial plexus block. METHODS: Forty patients of ASA physical ststus 1 and 2I who scheduled for elective upper limb surgery were divided into two groups in randomized, double-bline fashion. The brachial plexus block was performed with 30 ml of 0.33% bupivacaine plus saline(1ml; n=20)or clonidine(150ug, 1ml; n=20). The following variables were recorded; onset time, duration of analgesia, sedation, heart rate and blood pressure. RESULTS: The onset time produced with the addition of clonidine was faster(15.6+/-5 vs 19+/-4 min). The duration of block, heart rate and blood pressure were not different between the groups. There were more sedation in the clonidine group. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, adding clonidine to bupivacaine is an attractive adjuvants for brachial plexus block.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesia , Anesthetics , Blood Pressure , Brachial Plexus , Bupivacaine , Clonidine , Heart Block , Heart Rate , Pharmacology , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
We managed four cases of anesthesia for liver transplantation from August, 1992 to January, 1993. Four recipients, all male patients and ages of 40th, were suffered from liver cirrhosis related to Chronic hepatitis B and one recipient (case 1) was diagnosed as combined hepatocellular carcinoma. Operation risks by Pugh's classification were 10 (case 1), 8 (case 2), 7 (case 3) and 12 (case 4). Duaration of anesthesia was in the range of 13 to 22.5 hours. Various hemodynamic monitorings were observed and anesthetic managements were uneveritful. C.O., SVR, temperature and coagulation factors were analyzed. 2 patients (case 1 & 4) were expired due to acute rejection (case 1) and primary non-function of the grafted liver (case 4) postoperatively.
