Estudio retrospectivo de 544 timpanoplastias con cartílago y pericondrio: resultados anatómicos y funcionales / A retrospective study of 544 tympanoplasty with cartilage and perichondrium: anatomical and functional results

Introducción: el cierre de las perforaciones timpánicas se realiza con diferentes materiales, entre ellos el cartílago y el pericondrio. En este estudio se compararon los resultados anatómicos y funcionales obtenidos con ambos materiales, y se evaluaron posibles factores asociados con los buenos resultados. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos de timpanoplastia sin mastoidectomía entre el 1 de enero de 2001 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018. Resultados: se incluyeron 544 timpanoplastias. En la mayoría se utilizó cartílago (78,5 %) y en el resto pericondrio. El cartílago se utilizó con mayor frecuencia en los menores de 18 años (p=0,001), perforaciones totales y subtotales (p=0,000) y timpanoplastias secundarias y terciarias (p=0,008). No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de seguimiento (15,68 ± 22,18 meses frente al 12,86 ± 14,9 meses, p=0,169). La tasa de éxito anatómico fue mayor en el grupo de cartílago, sin diferencias en los resultados auditivos (82 % con cartílago y 78,3 % con pericondrio). El éxito anatómico se relacionó con la técnica utilizada para la reconstrucción con cartílago, mientras que los resultados auditivos se asociaron significativamente con el estado de la mucosa del oído medio y la cadena de huesecillos en el momento de la cirugía y el éxito anatómico posquirúrgico. Conclusiones: con el cartílago se consiguieron mejores resultados anatómicos que con el pericondrio, sin diferencias a nivel funcional. Sin embargo, los resultados funcionales empeoraron si había patología a nivel del oído medio y en ausencia de restauración anatómica.

Introduction: Different materials are used to close tympanic perforations. This stu-dy aimed to compare anatomical results obtained with cartilage and perichondrium and evaluate factors associated with successful results. Material and method: Re-trospective study of patients who underwent tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2018. Demographic data, ear pathology, surgical intervention, and anatomical and functional results were collected. Results:544 tympanoplasty were included. Cartilage was the most used (78.5%). Cartilage was used more frequently in children under 18 years (p = 0.001), to reconstruct total and subtotal perforations (p = 0.000) and in secondary and tertiary tympanoplasty (p = 0.008). Follow-up time did not differ between the two groups (15.68 ± 22.18 months vs. 12.86 ± 14.9 months, p = 0.169). The anatomical success rate was higher in the cartilage group, with no significant differences in hearing outcomes (82% with cartilage and 78.3% with perichondrium). Anatomical success was related to the technique used for cartilage reconstruction (monoblock or palisade). Hearing re-sults were significantly associated with the state of middle ear mucosa at the time of surgery, the state and mobility of the ossicle chain, and post-surgical anatomical suc-cess. Conclusions: Cartilage achieved better anatomical results than perichondrium. Both materials were comparable on a functional level. However, the functional re-sults worsen if there is pathology of the middle ear (mucosa or chain of ossicles) and anatomical restoration is not achieved.

Antibiotic Consumption During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Lineages Among Inpatients in a Chilean Hospital: A Time-Series Study and Phylogenomic Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on antimicrobial use (AU) and resistance has not been well evaluated in South America. These data are critical to inform national policies and clinical care. METHODS: At a tertiary hospital in Santiago, Chile, between 2018 and 2022, subdivided into pre- (3/2018-2/2020) and post-COVID-19 onset (3/2020-2/2022), we evaluated intravenous AU and frequency of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). We grouped monthly AU (defined daily doses [DDD]/1000 patient-days) into broad-spectrum ß-lactams, carbapenems, and colistin and used interrupted time-series analysis to compare AU during pre- and post-pandemic onset. We studied the frequency of carbapenemase-producing (CP) CRE and performed whole-genome sequencing analyses of all carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKpn) isolates collected during the study period. RESULTS: Compared with pre-pandemic, AU (DDD/1000 patient-days) significantly increased after the pandemic onset, from 78.1 to 142.5 (P < .001), 50.9 to 110.1 (P < .001), and 4.1 to 13.3 (P < .001) for broad-spectrum ß-lactams, carbapenems, and colistin, respectively. The frequency of CP-CRE increased from 12.8% pre-COVID-19 to 51.9% after pandemic onset (P < .001). The most frequent CRE species in both periods was CRKpn (79.5% and 76.5%, respectively). The expansion of CP-CRE harboring blaNDM was particularly noticeable, increasing from 40% (n = 4/10) before to 73.6% (n = 39/53) after pandemic onset (P < .001). Our phylogenomic analyses revealed the emergence of two distinct genomic lineages of CP-CRKpn: ST45, harboring blaNDM, and ST1161, which carried blaKPC. CONCLUSIONS: AU and the frequency of CP-CRE increased after COVID-19 onset. The increase in CP-CRKpn was driven by the emergence of novel genomic lineages. Our observations highlight the need to strengthen infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

A review of the global emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the prevalence of S. Infantis infections has increased in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, due to contaminated chicken and other foods. An essential trait of S. Infantis is its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the critically important third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, undermining effective medical treatment, particularly in low-resource settings. We describe the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis, focusing on humans, animals, the environment, and food. We conducted a systematic review (1979-2021), selected 183 studies, and analyzed the origin, source, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of a conjugative plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) in reported isolates. S. Infantis has been detected worldwide, with a substantial increase since 2011. We found the highest number of isolations in the Americas (42.9 %), Europe (29.8 %), Western Pacific (17.2 %), Eastern Mediterranean (6.6 %), Africa (3.4 %), and South-East Asia (0.1 %). S. Infantis showed MDR patterns and numerous resistant genes in all sources. The primary source of MDR S. Infantis is broiler and their meat; however, this emerging pathogen is also present in other reservoirs such as food, wildlife, and the environment. Clinical cases of MDR S. Infantis have been reported in children and adults. The global emergence of S. Infantis is related to a plasmid (pESI) with antibiotic and arsenic- and mercury-resistance genes. Additionally, a new megaplasmid (pESI-like), carrying blaCTX-M-65 and antibiotic-resistant genes reported in an ancestral version, was detected in the broiler, human, and chicken meat isolates. Strains harboring pESI-like were primarily observed in the Americas and Europe. MDR S. Infantis has spread globally, potentially becoming a major public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Complicaciones del implante coclear en adultos y niños del Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia, España, desde el 2001 al 2020 / Complications of the cochlear implant in adults and children in the Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia, Spain, from 2001 to 2020

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía del implante coclear es un método efectivo para la rehabilitación auditiva de los pacientes con hipoacusia neurosensorial severo-profunda, en los que el rendimiento con los audífonos no es suficiente. Aunque la implantación coclear es una técnica segura, es importante conocer sus posibles complicaciones, entre ellas la infección del colgajo o la parálisis facial. Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones de los pacientes con implante coclear intervenidos en un hospital universitario terciario: El Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia, desde enero de 2001 a marzo de 2020. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo de las complicaciones en una muestra de 134 pacientes con implantación coclear en el Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia, en un periodo de 20 años. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Para demostrar diferencias significativas entre variables empleamos el programa R. Se utilizó el test χ2 para proporciones, considerando significativo un valor p < 0.05. Resultados: 134 pacientes fueron implantados. La frecuencia global de complicaciones fue del 17.9%, 4.5% fueron complicaciones mayores y 13.4% fueron complicaciones menores. La complicación más frecuente fue la desactivación o inserción incompleta de algunos electrodos. Discusión: Las proporciones de complicaciones del estudio entran dentro de los rangos encontrados en la literatura (14.9-18.3%). La frecuencia de complicaciones mayores es inferior al 5%, proporción similar a la obtenida en nuestra serie. Conclusiones: El implante coclear es una técnica quirúrgica segura para la rehabilitación de pacientes con hipoacusia severa, aunque no está exenta de riesgo, por lo que se debe conocer sus potenciales complicaciones. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2):19-28.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cochlear implantation is an effective method for hearing rehabilitation in patients with severe neurosensory hearing loss in which hearing aids do not provide good discrimination. Although cochlear implantation is a safe technique, adverse effects related to surgery have been described, including flap infection or facial paralysis. Objective: To analyze the complications of cochlear implanted patients in a tertiary university hospital: The Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset of Valencia, from January 2001 to March 2020. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study of the complications in a sample of 134 patients with cochlear implant surgery in The Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset of Valencia in a period of 20 years. Descriptive statistics were used in the statistical analysis. To demonstrate significant differences between variables we used the R program. The χ2 test was used for proportions, considering significant a p value < 0.05. Results: 134 patients were implanted. The global frequency of complications was 17.9%, 4.5% were major complications and 13.4% were minor complications. The most frequent complication was inactivation or incomplete insertion of some electrodes. Discussion: Our complication rate is within the range published in the literature (14.9-18.3%). The major complication rate is 5% which is similar to our series. Conclusions: The cochlear implant is a safe surgical technique for the rehabilitation of patients with severe neurosensory hearing loss, although it is not riskless, therefore, one must know that complication are possible. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(2):19-28

La laringoscopia indirecta mediante endoscopio rígido de 70º como valor predictivo de la dificultad de visión de la laringe / Indirect laryngoscopy with rigid 70-degree laryngoscope as a predictor of difficult direct laryngoscopy

Introducción y objetivos: Los predictores comúnmente utilizados para prever la vía aérea difícil poseen poca capacidad para pronosticarla. Nuestro objetivo es investigar la potencia de la laringoscopia indirecta con el laringoscopio rígido de 70° como predictor de dificultad de visión de la laringe con la laringoscopia directa. Métodos: Se efectuó una laringoscopia indirecta con el laringoscopio rígido en el preoperatorio a 300 pacientes. Según la visión obtenida fueron clasificados en 4 grados: 1 (cuerdas vocales visibles), 2 (comisura posterior visible), 3 (visión solo de epiglotis) y 4 (ninguna estructura glótica visible). EL 3 y el 4 eran considerados predictores de dificultad de visión de la laringe. Después, bajo anestesia general, practicamos a los pacientes la laringoscopia directa con el laringoscopio de Macintosh. Valoramos como positivo el encontrar un Cormack-Lehane III-IV. Se registraron otros predictores clínicos comunes. Se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística con fines predictivos utilizando las variables relevantes. Investigamos también los predictores de la dificultad de visión de la laringe con la laringoscopia indirecta. Resultados: El modelo encontrado y sus coeficientes para confeccionarlo fueron: f(x)=-10,097+5,145 laringoscopia indirecta (3-4)+3,489 retrognatia +2,548 apertura boca <3,5cm+1,911 distancia tiromentoniana <6,5cm+1,352 roncopatía+ (0,151*cm grosor cuello). Proporciona un resultado correcto en el 94,3% de los casos. En el caso de la laringoscopia indirecta el modelo hallado era: f(x)=-2,641+0,920 roncopatía+0,875 movilidad cervical. Conclusiones: La laringoscopia indirecta fue la variable independiente con más poder predictivo (mayor coeficiente). La roncopatía es un predictor común entre los modelos de ambas laringoscopias(AU)

Introduction and objectives: The commonly-used predictors for difficult airway management are not very accurate. We investigate the power of indirect laryngoscopy with the rigid 70-degree laryngoscope as a predictor of difficult visualisation of the larynx with direct laryngoscopy. Methods: We performed preoperative indirect laryngoscopy with the rigid laryngoscope on 300 patients. The vision obtained was classified into four grades: 1 (vocal cords visible), 2 (posterior commissure visible), 3 (epiglottis visible) and 4 (no glottic structure visible). Grades 3 and 4 were considered predictors of difficult larynx visualisation. Next, direct laryngoscopy with the Macintosh laryngoscope was carried out on the patients under general anaesthesia. Positive value was defined as a Cormack and Lehane III and IV. Other common clinical predictors were also analysed. A logistic regression model using the relevant variables was elaborated. We also investigated predictors of difficult visualisation of the larynx with indirect laryngoscopy. Results: The model found and the coefficients for preparing it were: f(x)= -10.097+5.145 indirect laryngoscopy (3-4)+3.489 retrognathia +2.548 mouth opening <3.5cm +1.911 thyromental distance <6.5cm +1.352 snorer+(0.151 * cm neck thickness). This model provided a correct result in 94.3% of cases. In the case of indirect laryngoscopy, the model found was: f (x)=-2.641+0.920 snorer+0.875 cervical mobility. Conclusions: Indirect laryngoscopy was the independent variable with the greatest predictive power. Snoring is a common predictor in both laryngoscopy models(AU)

Indirect laryngoscopy with rigid 70-degree laryngoscope as a predictor of difficult direct laryngoscopy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The commonly-used predictors for difficult airway management are not very accurate. We investigate the power of indirect laryngoscopy with the rigid 70-degree laryngoscope as a predictor of difficult visualisation of the larynx with direct laryngoscopy. METHODS: We performed preoperative indirect laryngoscopy with the rigid laryngoscope on 300 patients. The vision obtained was classified into four grades: 1 (vocal cords visible), 2 (posterior commissure visible), 3 (epiglottis visible) and 4 (no glottic structure visible). Grades 3 and 4 were considered predictors of difficult larynx visualisation. Next, direct laryngoscopy with the Macintosh laryngoscope was carried out on the patients under general anaesthesia. Positive value was defined as a Cormack and Lehane III and IV. Other common clinical predictors were also analysed. A logistic regression model using the relevant variables was elaborated. We also investigated predictors of difficult visualisation of the larynx with indirect laryngoscopy. RESULTS: The model found and the coefficients for preparing it were: f(x)= -10.097+5.145 indirect laryngoscopy (3-4)+3.489 retrognathia+2.548 mouth opening <3.5 cm+1.911 thyromental distance <6.5 cm+.352 snorer+(0.151 cm neck thickness). This model provided a correct result in 94.3% of cases. In the case of indirect laryngoscopy, the model found was: f(x)=-2.641+0.920 snorer+0.875 cervical mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect laryngoscopy was the independent variable with the greatest predictive power. Snoring is a common predictor in both laryngoscopy models.

Miringoplastias. Un análisis retrospectivo de nuestros resultados / Myringoplasties. A retrospective analysis of our surgical outcomes

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar, de forma detallada, nuestros resultados en la cirugía de la reconstrucción de la membrana timpánica y sobre todo los diferentes factores que influyen en los resultados con el fin de contrastar su valor pronóstico. Métodos: Hemos revisado un total de 126 miringoplastias desde 2006 hasta 2010, recopilando los datos del paciente, la descripción del defecto anatómico y los aspectos más relevantes de la propia intervención. Resultados: Las perforaciones subtotales (35,7%) fueron las más frecuentes. En el 89,7% se realizó el abordaje transcanal. La técnica medial (underlay) fue la más empleada (97,6%). Como injerto se utilizó principalmente el cartílago (82,5%). Se consiguió un cierre completo de la perforación en el 71,1% a los 6 meses de seguimiento. Las reperforaciones fueron de tipo puntiforme en el 11,9%, parcial en el 11,1% y dehiscencia de los fragmentos de cartílago en el 4,8%. El tiempo medio en el cual se registró el defecto de la cirugía fue a los 3,82 meses. La ganancia auditiva media fue de 12,8 dB a los 6 meses de la intervención. Conclusiones: La miringoplastia constituye una técnica adecuada para la restitución de la integridad timpánica y para la obtención de un beneficio funcional. Un estado de la caja seco y las perforaciones posteriores parecen relacionarse con un mejor pronóstico funcional (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to present, myringoplasty case results in our department. Different factors were studied to confirm their prognostic value. Materials and methods: A total of 126 myringoplasties from 2006 until 2010 were reviewed, collecting patient-related details, descriptions of the anatomical defect and the most interesting surgical aspects. Results: Subtotal perforations (35.7%) were the most frequently observed. In 89.7% of the operations, the transcanal approach was preferred. The medial technique (underlay) to the tympanic membrane was the most performed (97.6%). Cartilage was the principal graft used (82.5%). Complete closure of the perforation was obtained in 71.1% of the cases at 6 months follow-up. Recurrences of the perforations were of minimal size in 11.9% of the cases, partial in 11.1% and with a cartilage fragment gap in 4.8%. The mean time in which these defects were registered was 3.82 months. The mean post-operative auditory gain was 12.8 decibels at 6 months. Conclusions: Myringoplasty is an appropriate technique for restoring tympanic integrity and obtaining functional benefit. Dried middle ear mucosa and posterior perforations seem to be related with better functional results (AU)

[Myringoplasties. A retrospective analysis of our surgical outcomes]. / Miringoplastias. Un análisis retrospectivo de nuestros resultados.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present, myringoplasty case results in our department. Different factors were studied to confirm their prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 126 myringoplasties from 2006 until 2010 were reviewed, collecting patient-related details, descriptions of the anatomical defect and the most interesting surgical aspects. RESULTS: Subtotal perforations (35.7%) were the most frequently observed. In 89.7% of the operations, the transcanal approach was preferred. The medial technique (underlay) to the tympanic membrane was the most performed (97.6%). Cartilage was the principal graft used (82.5%). Complete closure of the perforation was obtained in 71.1% of the cases at 6 months follow-up. Recurrences of the perforations were of minimal size in 11.9% of the cases, partial in 11.1% and with a cartilage fragment gap in 4.8%. The mean time in which these defects were registered was 3.82 months. The mean post-operative auditory gain was 12.8 decibels at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Myringoplasty is an appropriate technique for restoring tympanic integrity and obtaining functional benefit. Dried middle ear mucosa and posterior perforations seem to be related with better functional results.

Miasis asociada a carcinoma basocelular nasal / Myasis associated with nasal basal cell carcinoma

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Sarcoma sinovial de fosa infratemporal / Synovial sarcoma of the infratemporal fossa

El sarcoma sinovial representa el cuarto tipo de sarcoma más frecuente, situándose principalmente en las articulaciones de la rodilla y el tobillo, siendo excepcional la afectación de cabeza y cuello. Se da sobre todo en varones entre los 20 y 40 años. El diagnóstico suele ser inesperado por la rareza de la entidad y por las características inespecíficas clínico-radiológicas, basándose, por tanto, en técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y de microscopia electrónica. Presentamos un caso de sarcoma sinovial bifásico, localizado en la fosa infratemporal, tratado en nuestro servicio, y revisamos la literatura (AU)

Synovial sarcoma is the fourth most common type of sarcoma. It is usually found in the knee or ankle joints, and is exceptional in the head and neck. Most cases are diagnosed in men between 20 and 40 years of age. Diagnosis is often casual due to the infrequent nature of this tumour and its non-specific clinical and radiological characteristics. Confirmation is therefore based on immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy techniques. We report a case of biphasic sinovial sarcoma located in the infratemporal fossa treated at our hospital and we make a review of the literature (AU)

[Synovial sarcoma of the infratemporal fossa]. / Sarcoma sinovial de fosa infratemporal.

Synovial sarcoma is the fourth most common type of sarcoma. It is usually found in the knee or ankle joints, and is exceptional in the head and neck. Most cases are diagnosed in men between 20 and 40 years of age. Diagnosis is often casual due to the infrequent nature of this tumour and its non-specific clinical and radiological characteristics. Confirmation is therefore based on immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy techniques. We report a case of biphasic sinovial sarcoma located in the infratemporal fossa treated at our hospital and we make a review of the literature.

Comparación de las complicaciones dermatológicas entre el dermatomo y el colgajo en «U» en la cirugía del BAHA / Comparison of skin complications between dermatome and U-graft technique in BAHA surgery

Introducción y objetivo: Las complicaciones dermatológicas son las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes relacionadas con las prótesis BAHA (bone anchored hearing aid). En este estudio comparamos y evaluamos estas complicaciones con dos técnicas quirúrgicas diferentes: el dermatomo BAHA y el colgajo en «U». Material y método: Se estudió a 53 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro centro entre 2001 y 2008. La comparación de las complicaciones se realizó según la clasificación de Holgers et al. Hemos registrado, además, el número de curas que se requieren hasta la estabilización de la piel. Resultados: Hemos utilizado el dermatomo en 27 pacientes y el colgajo en «U» en 26 pacientes. En el grupo dermatomo hemos tenido el 74% de complicaciones (20 pacientes), que contrastan con el 34% (9 pacientes) con el colgajo en «U». La media de curas por paciente con el dermatomo y con el colgajo en «U» es de 4,1 y 2,7, respectivamente. Las diferencias encontradas son estadísticamente significativas para un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, el uso del dermatomo eléctrico en la cirugía del BAHA es un método que nos ofrece un mayor número de complicaciones dermatológicas que el colgajo en «U». Dado que ambas técnicas tienen una serie de ventajas y desventajas, quizás la selección de la técnica por utilizar según las características de cada paciente de forma individualizada permita obtener mejores resultados en el futuro (AU)

Introduction and objective: The most common postoperative complications related to BAHA prosthetic surgery are skin complications. In this study we compare and evaluate these reactions with two different surgical techniques, the BAHA dermatome and the U-graft technique. Material and method: Fifty-three patients who underwent implantation of a BAHA at our hospital between 2001 and 2008 were studied. The comparison of the skin reactions was carried out according to Holgers' classification. We also recorded the number of cures required until the skin was stabilized. Results: We used the dermatome in 27 patients and the U-graft in 26 patients. In the dermatome group we have reported a total of 74% of skin reactions (20 patients), in contrast with the 34% (9 patients) observed in the U-graft group. The average number of cures for patients in the dermatome group and those in the U-graft group was 4.1 and 2.7, respectively. The differences found were statistically significant and had a 95% confidence interval. Conclusions: In our experience, the use of the electric dermatome in BAHA surgery offers a higher incidence of skin complications in comparison with the U-graft technique. Since both techniques have a number of advantages and disadvantages, it may be that the selection of the technique to be employed according the individual characteristics of each patient may offer better results in the future (AU)

[Comparison of skin complications between dermatome and U-graft technique in BAHA surgery]. / Comparación de las complicaciones dermatológicas entre el dermatomo y el colgajo en "U" en la cirugía del BAHA.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The most common postoperative complications related to BAHA prosthetic surgery are skin complications. In this study we compare and evaluate these reactions with two different surgical techniques, the BAHA dermatome and the U-graft technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty-three patients who underwent implantation of a BAHA at our hospital between 2001 and 2008 were studied. The comparison of the skin reactions was carried out according to Holgers' classification. We also recorded the number of cures required until the skin was stabilized. RESULTS: We used the dermatome in 27 patients and the U-graft in 26 patients. In the dermatome group we have reported a total of 74% of skin reactions (20 patients), in contrast with the 34% (9 patients) observed in the U-graft group. The average number of cures for patients in the dermatome group and those in the U-graft group was 4.1 and 2.7, respectively. The differences found were statistically significant and had a 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the use of the electric dermatome in BAHA surgery offers a higher incidence of skin complications in comparison with the U-graft technique. Since both techniques have a number of advantages and disadvantages, it may be that the selection of the technique to be employed according the individual characteristics of each patient may offer better results in the future.

[Baha: a new longitudinal incision with fixture out of the incision]. / BAHA: nueva incisión longitudinal con implante fuera de ésta.

Since the introduction of bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) a few decades ago, their effectiveness has made the use of these devices a well-established method. The most common complications associated with BAHA are dermatological, so a lot of changes were introduced in the surgical technique to reduce the frequency of skin reactions. We have analyzed our experience in the management of the skin and soft tissues over 8 years' experience with BAHA. We present a new longitudinal incision with the fixture out of the incision.

BAHA: nueva incisión longitudinal con implante fuera de ésta / Baha: a new longitudinal incision with fixture out of the incision

Desde la introducción de las prótesis osteointegradas tipo BAHA (bone anchored hearing aid) hace unas décadas, su uso se ha generalizado por ser un método efectivo. Las complicaciones más frecuentes relacionadas con el BAHA son las dermatológicas, por lo que se han producido múltiples cambios en la técnica quirúrgica con el objetivo de disminuir su frecuencia. Hemos analizado el manejo de la piel y los tejidos blandos durante 8 años de experiencia con el BAHA. Presentamos una nueva incisión longitudinal con el implante situado fuera de ésta (AU)

Since the introduction of bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) a few decades ago, their effectiveness has made the use of these devices a well-established method. The most common complications associated with BAHA are dermatological, so a lot of changes were introduced in the surgical technique to reduce the frequency of skin reactions. We have analyzed our experience in the management of the skin and soft tissues over 8 years experience with BAHA. We present a new longitudinal incision with the fixture out of the incision (AU)

[Hemithyroidectomy: when it is necessary an intraoperative frozen-section biopsy?]. / Hemitiroidectomías: Ecuándo es necesaria la biopsia intraoperatoria?

INTRODUCTION: Many surgeons use intraoperative frozen section biopsy of the thyroid nodules to confirm malignant disease, but it continues to generate considerable controversy. We reviewed our recent experience to determinate de clinical utility of frozen section in our surgical management and intraoperative decision-making. PATIENTS AND METHOD: All patients who had operations for the thyroid nodular disease between 2000 and 2006 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the results of frozen section diagnosis and definitive histologic results in a population of 212 patients. RESULTS: Frozen section was false negative in 3 patients (1.66 %) and false positive in 1 (0.47 %) and avoided 12 reoperations (5.6 %). When there was not suspicious malignant disease had a sensitivity of 0.75 %. In the group of follicular disease the sensitivity was 3.7 %, and in the group with suspicious malignant disease was 37.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: Frozen section was more helpful in the group of suspicious for malignant disease. It does not seem to be necessary when fine-needle biopsy indicates bening or follicular disease.

Hemitiroidectomías: ¿cuándo es necesaria la biopsia intraoperatoria? / Hemithyroidectomy: when it is necessary an intraoperative frozen-section biopsy?

Introducción: Muchos cirujanos utilizan la biopsia intraoperatoria de los nódulos tiroideos para confirmar malignidad, pero continúa generando bastante controversia. Hemos revisado nuestra experiencia reciente para determinar la utilidad clínica de la biopsia extemporánea en la toma de decisiones intraoperatorias. Pacientes y método: Se incluyó en este estudio retrospectivo a todos los pacientes sometidos a una cirugía tiroidea por nódulo tiroideo entre 2000 y 2006. Comparamos los resultados de la biopsia introperatoria con los de la anatomía patológica definitiva en una población de 212 pacientes. Resultados: La biopsia extemporánea tuvo un resultado falso negativo en 3 (1,67 %) pacientes y falso positivo en 1 (0,47 %). Evitó 12 (5,6 %) reintervenciones. Cuando no hubo sospecha previa de malignidad, su sensibilidad fue del 0,75 %. En el grupo de lesiones foliculares su sensibilidad fue del 3,7 % y en el sospechoso de malignidad del 37,5 %. Conclusiones: La biopsia extemporánea fue más útil en el grupo con sospecha de malignidad. No parece ser necesaria cuando la punción-aspiración con aguja fina indica que es benigna o de tipo folicular

Introduction: Many surgeons use intraoperative frozen section biopsy of the thyroid nodules to confirm malignant disease, but it continues to generate considerable controversy. We reviewed our recent experience to determinate de clinical utility of frozen section in our surgical management and intraoperative decision-making. Patients and method: All patients who had operations for the thyroid nodular disease between 2000 and 2006 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the results of frozen section diagnosis and definitive histologic results in a population of 212 patients. Results: Frozen section was false negative in 3 patients (1.66 %) and false positive in 1 (0.47 %) and avoided 12 reoperations (5.6 %). When there was not suspicious malignant disease had a sensitivity of 0.75 %. In the group of follicular disease the sensitivity was 3.7 %, and in the group with suspicious malignant disease was 37.5 %. Conclusions: Frozen section was more helpful in the group of suspicious for malignant disease. It does not seem to be necessary when fine-needle biopsy indicates bening or follicular disease

[Supraglottic and glottic carcinomas. Study of the incidence in the last 31 years]. / Carcinomas supraglóticos y glóticos. Estudio de la incidencia en los últimos 31 años.

INTRODUCTION: Laryngeal carcinoma is a common neoplasia in our country. It is well-known that the supraglottis is more frequently involved in Mediterranean countries. We present our results on the incidence of neoplasias affecting supraglottis and glottis and we find a change in the normal trend. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of glottic and supraglottic tumours in our hospital over the last 31 years. We also analyze risk factors such as smoking and alcohol in the population of the Valencian Region. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of 991 patients diagnosed as having carcinomas of the glottis and supraglottis between 1974 and 2005. The epidemiological data about the consumption of tobacco and alcohol in the population of the Valencian Region, Spain, are obtained from descriptive epidemiological studies (Health Statistics and the 2003 National Health Survey). CONCLUSIONS: With a total of 548 carcinomas of the glottis and 443 of the supraglottis, we find a change in the incidence maintained since 1990, with statistically significant differences (P=.0056). Thus, we can state that the glottis is more frequently affected than the supraglottis. Changes in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol cannot explain this current change.

Carcinomas supraglóticos y glóticos. Estudio de la incidencia en los últimos 31 años / Supraglottic and glottic carcinomas. Study of the incidence in the last 31 years

Introducción: Los carcinomas de laringe son una neoplasia frecuente en nuestro país. Por todos es conocido que en los países mediterráneos predomina la localización supraglótica sobre la glótica. Hemos estudiado la incidencia en nuestro medio de ambas localizaciones y hemos comprobado una inversión. Objetivo: Estudiar la incidencia de los tumores glóticos y supraglóticos en el Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset en los últimos 31 años. También se analizan los hábitos tóxicos de la población de la Comunidad Valenciana relacionados con la aparición de este tipo de neoplasias. Pacientes y método: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 991 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinomas glóticos y supraglóticos desde 1984 a 2005. Los datos epidemiológicos respecto al consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la población de la Comunidad Valenciana se obtienen a través de estudios epidemiológicos descriptivos de ámbito nacional (Estadísticas de Salud y Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2003). Conclusiones: Con un total de 548 carcinomas de localización glótica y 443 de localización supraglótica, hemos observado una inversión en la incidencia desde el año 1990 que se mantiene hasta la actualidad, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,0056). Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que actualmente la incidencia de tumores glóticos es mayor que la de los supraglóticos en nuestro medio. Los cambios en el estilo de vida de nuestra población actualmente no permiten explicar este cambio

Introduction: Laryngeal carcinoma is a common neoplasia in our country. It is well-known that the supraglottis is more frequently involved in Mediterranean countries. We present our results on the incidence of neoplasias affecting supraglottis and glottis and we find a change in the normal trend. Objective: To study the incidence of glottic and supraglottic tumours in our hospital over the last 31 years. We also analyze risk factors such as smoking and alcohol in the population of the Valencian Region. Patients and method: We performed a retrospective review of 991 patients diagnosed as having carcinomas of the glottis and supraglottis between 1974 and 2005. The epidemiological data about the consumption of tobacco and alcohol in the population of the Valencian Region, Spain, are obtained from descriptive epidemiological studies (Health Statistics and the 2003 National Health Survey). Conclusions: With a total of 548 carcinomas of the glottis and 443 of the supraglottis, we find a change in the incidence maintained since 1990, with statistically significant differences (P=.0056). Thus, we can state that the glottis is more frequently affected than the supraglottis. Changes in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol cannot explain this current change