Acute Consumption of Bordo Grape Juice and Wine Improves Serum Antioxidant Status in Healthy Individuals and Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Neuron-Like Cells.

Few studies investigated the biological effects of American grape cultivars. We investigated the metabolic response after acute consumption of grape juice or wine from Bordo grapes (Vitis labrusca) in a placebo-controlled crossover study with fifteen healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected 1 hour after the intake of 100 mL of water, juice, or wine to measure TBARS, ABTS, FRAP, glucose, and uric acid levels. To evaluate differences in cellular response, intracellular reactive species production (DCFH-DA) and metabolic mitochondrial viability (MTT) were assessed after exposure of human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) to juice or wine. Glycemia was reduced after juice or wine consumption, whereas blood levels of uric acid were reduced after juice consumption but increased after wine consumption. Juice and wine consumption reduced plasma lipid peroxidation and increased plasma antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP assays). Furthermore, juice inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular production of reactive species (RS) and increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, wine (dealcoholized) exhibited a per se effect by inducing the production of RS and reducing cell viability. These results indicate a positive impact of acute consumption of Bordo juice and wine on human oxidative status, whereas only juice had protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity.

Avaliação da redução de potássio em hortaliças submetidas a diferentes métodos de cocção para possível utilização na dietoterapia renal / Evaluation of potassium in vegetables submitted to different cooking methods and their possible use in renal diet

Objetivo Julgou-se relevante avaliar a concentração de potássio em vegetais crus submetidos ao remolho e cozidos sob diferentes formas - ebulição, micro-ondas e sob pressão - a fim de verificar se o remolho e as técnicas de cocção têm eficácia na redução da concentração desse mineral. Métodos O experimento foi realizado em delineamento casualizado, com esquema fatorial 3x5 (3 vegetais x 5 proce-dimentos) e 3 repetições nas análises. As hortaliças - batata, cenoura e brócolis - foram submetidas à análise dos teores de potássio por fotometria de chama IL, e compararam-se os tratamentos: cru, remolho em água, cocção em ebulição, micro-ondas e sob pressão. Resultados Nas amostras analisadas, para a batata o método remolho (232,2mg/g), ebulição (197,3mg/g), micro-ondas (170,3mg/g) e pressão (187,2mg/g) não diferiram de forma estatisticamente significativa entre si, da mesma forma para a cenoura, que obteve os valores de redução de 315,0mg/g, 309,9mg/g, 243,3mg/g e 210,6mg/g, respectivamente para remolho, ebulição, micro-ondas e pressão. Entretanto, para os brócolis, pode-se observar que os métodos de preparo em micro-ondas (280,1mg/g) e pressão (167,3mg/g)diferiram estatisticamente em relação aos outros métodos, mostrando-se mais eficazes na redução dos teores de potássio dessa hortaliça. Conclusão O remolho e os métodos de cocção mostraram-se eficazes na redução dos teores de potássio nas hortaliças, no entanto fatores como tempo, temperatura, recipiente, potência e frequência das ondas eletromagnéticas do micro-ondas podem influenciar os diferentes tipos de cocção.

Objective This study assessed the concentration of potassium in raw and macerated raw vegetables and vegetables cooked by different methods - boiling, microwave and pressure-cooking - to verify if maceration and different cooking methods can effectively reduce the concentration of this mineral. Methods This experiment had a random 3x5 factorial design (3 vegetables x 5 procedures) and the analyses were repeated 3 times. Flame photometry was used to determine potassium concentration in raw, soaked, boiled, microwaved and pressure-cooked potatoes, carrots and broccoli. Results Potassium concentration in soaked (232.2mg/g), boiled (197.3mg/g), microwaved (170mg/g) and pressure-cooked (187.2mg/g) potatoes and soaked (315.0mg/g), boiled (309.9mg/g), microwaved (243.3mg/g) and pressure-cooked (210.6mg/g) carrots did not differ significantly. On the other hand, potassium concentration in microwaved (280.1mg/g) and pressure-cooked (167.3mg/g) broccoli was significantly different from that found in soaked and boiled broccoli. Therefore, microwaving and pressure-cooking reduce the potassium concentration in broccoli more effectively. Conclusion Maceration and the different cooking methods were effective in reducing the concentration of potassium in the studied vegetables. However, other factors such as cooking length, temperature, type of container and microwave frequency and power level may also affect potassium concentration.

Análise sensorial de feijão preto submetido a diferentes métodos de cocção / Sensory analysis of black beans subjected to different cooking methods

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma leguminosa de grande consumo mundial, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor do gênero Phaseolus. Apresenta grande importância nutricional, constituindo-se como fonte de nutrientes essenciais. O tempo de cocção, porém, é fator fundamental para a escolha e aceitação de um alimento pelos consumidores, pois a disponibilidade de tempo para o preparo das refeições é, muitas vezes, restrita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes técnicas de cocção de feijão: método convencional, em panela de pressão; em forno de MO combinado com panela de pressão, usando-se tempos de 30, 30 e 25 minutos respectivamente. Além de verificar, através de análise sensorial, a aceitação das amostras. Os resultados mostraram que o método convencional e o método combinado não obtiveram diferença estatística significativa sendo bem aceito pelos provadores, entretanto o método de cocção somente em micro-ondas não foi bem aceito, apresentando diferenças estatísticas expressivas. Por fim, o método combinado mostrou-se mais eficaz e econômico, já que em sua preparação não foi feita maceração e o tempo de cocção foi inferior aos outros dois métodos.(AU)

The common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has a great world-wide consumption, and in Brazil it has a big production,especially because of its nutritional importance. However, the cooking time is a basic factor for the choice and acceptance of this food by the consumers, and also because of the short availability of time to prepare meals. The objective of this work was to evaluate different techniques of beans cooking: conventional method, in pressure pan plus microwave oven and only microwave oven, using 30, 30 and 25 minutes respectively. After the sensorialanalysis, it was verified the acceptance of the samples. The results showed that the conventional method andpressure pan plus microwave oven had no significant statistics difference, being well accepted by the people, while the microwave oven method was not well accepted. Finally, the pressure pan plus microwave oven method was more efficient and time less, since its mace ration was not made and the cooking time was inferior to the others two methods. (AU)

Análise sensorial de feijão preto submetido a diferentes métodos de cocção / Sensory analysis of black beans subjected to different cooking methods

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma leguminosa de grande consumo mundial, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor do gênero Phaseolus. Apresenta grande importância nutricional, constituindo-se como fonte de nutrientes essenciais. O tempo de cocção, porém, é fator fundamental para a escolha e aceitação de um alimento pelos consumidores, pois a disponibilidade de tempo para o preparo das refeições é, muitas vezes, restrita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes técnicas de cocção de feijão: método convencional, em panela de pressão; em forno de MO combinado com panela de pressão, usando-se tempos de 30, 30 e 25 minutos respectivamente. Além de verificar, através de análise sensorial, a aceitação das amostras. Os resultados mostraram que o método convencional e o método combinado não obtiveram diferença estatística significativa sendo bem aceito pelos provadores, entretanto o método de cocção somente em micro-ondas não foi bem aceito, apresentando diferenças estatísticas expressivas. Por fim, o método combinado mostrou-se mais eficaz e econômico, já que em sua preparação não foi feita maceração e o tempo de cocção foi inferior aos outros dois métodos.

Activity and contents of polyphenolic antioxidants in the whole fruit, flesh and peel of three apple cultivars.

The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.

Activity and contents of polyphenolic antioxidants in the whole fruit, flesh and peel of three apple cultivars / Actividad y contenido de polifenoles antioxidantes en fruta entera, pulpa y cáscara de tres cultivares de manzana

The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.

La concentración de compuestos polifenoles, como flavanoles y antocianinas, y la actividad antioxidante en manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh) parecen diferir con la cultivar, etapa de madurez, condiciones ambientales y la parte de la fruta. En este trabajo, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron medidos en fruta entera, pulpa y cáscara de las cultivares de manzana Fuji, Epagri COOP24 y Epagri F5P283 cultivadas en el sur de Brasil. El contenido de fenoles totales se midió con el método Folin-Ciocalteu, flavanoles con el método modificado p-dimetilaminocinamaldehido, antocianinas con el método de diferencia de pH y actividad antioxidante fue medida aplicando el método ABTS. Se realizó análisis de varianza de un factor, prueba de Tukey y análisis de correlación. Dentro de cada cultivar, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron más alto en las cáscaras, seguidas por la fruta entera y pulpa. En la cáscara, en la fruta entera y pulpa, manzana Epagri F5P283 presentó el contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante total más alto, mientras que la Epagri COOP24 presentó valores más alto de flavanoles y antocianinas. El contenido de fenoles totales fue asociado positivamente a actividad antioxidante total en la pulpa, fruta entera y cáscara. Estos resultados demuestran que los compuestos polifenoles tienen una contribución significativa a la actividad antioxidante total, los cuales varían considerablemente de acuerdo al de la parte de la fruta y cultivar de manzana analizada.