Radiation therapy for oral melanoma in dogs: a retrospective study / A utilização da radioterapia no melanoma oral de cães: Estudo retrospectivo

Our retrospective study evaluated the survival of 24 dogs with unresectable malignant melanoma treated with radiation therapy. Fifteen dogs were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), five with surgery followed by RT and CT, three with palliative RT, and one with electrochemotherapy associated with RT. All dogs were treated with an orthovoltage Stabilipan I. The protocol used was three or four weekly fractions of 8 Gy. Carboplatin was administered every 21 days, a total of four times. Five percent of dogs were classified as having stage I melanoma, 17% as stage II, 50% as stage III, and 17% as stage IV. Sixty-four percent had a partial response to treatment, 29% achieved complete remission, and 7% remained in a stable disease state. The mean survival time was 390 days for stage I, 286 days for stage II, 159 days for stage III, and 90 days for stage IV. We concluded that radiation therapy can be considered a viable alternative for the palliative treatment of canine oral melanoma.(AU)

O estudo retrospectivo analisou a sobrevida de 24 cães com melanomas irressecáveis tratados com radioterapia (RT). Quinze animais foram tratados com RT e quimioterapia (QT), 5 animais com cirurgia citoredutiva seguida por RT e QT, 3 animais com RT paliativa apenas e 1 animal com RT associada a 1 sessão de eletroquimioterapia. Os animais foram tratados com um equipamento de ortovoltagem Stabilipan I, e o protocolo foi de três a quatro frações semanais de 8 Gy. A quimioterapia consistiu de carboplatina administrada a cada 21 dias em um total de 4 aplicações. Apenas um animal (4%) foi classificado em estadio I, enquanto quatro (17%) estavam no estadio II, doze (50%) estavam no estadio III e quatro (29%) estavam no estadio IV. De maneira geral, 64% dos cães apresentaram resposta parcial, 29% remissão completa e 7% doença estável. O tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 390 dias no estádio I, 286 dias no estádio II, 159 dias no estádio III e 90 dias no estádio IV. A radioterapia deve ser considerada pelo clínico veterinário como alternativa para o tratamento de melanoma oral canino.(AU)

Retrospective study of adverse events of chemotherapy in cats

Background: Clients who seek veterinary care for pets with cancer are often concerned about the potential negative impact of chemotherapeutic treatments on their animals’ quality of life. A consensus currently exists in veterinary oncology regarding the quantification and rating of adverse treatment effects in dogs and cats in response to chemotherapy agents. This grading system is referred to as Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to investigate the delayed acute effects of chemotherapy drugs in cats receiving cancer treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Medical records were reviewed to determine the chemotherapy agent used and delayed adverse effects. Side effects were classified according to Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group grading. All cats were evaluated after the first chemotherapy administration, after a single dose. The reported effects included hematologic effects (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increases in liver enzymes, and azotemia), gastrointestinal effects (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and inappetence), and sepsis. All of the cats in this study received ondansetron and omeprazol in the first five days following chemotherapy administration. If vomiting occurred with oral medication, maropitant was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days. If diarrhea (> grade II) occurred, probiotics were administered for seven days. Hematologic examination was performed 3-14 days after chemotherapy. If neutropenia (> grade III) occurred, Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days together with prophylactic antibiotics. Lomustine, carboplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and vinblastine were administered in 33%, 19%, 16%, 5%, 16%, 10% and 2% of the cases examined, respectively.[...]

Hemangiosarcoma associated with polypropylene suture in a cat

Background: Sutures plays an important role in wound repair by providing hemostasis and support for healing suture. Synthetic non-absorbable like polypropylene suture materials induce minimal tissue reaction. Polypropylene has not been associated to neoplasms in domestic animals. The aim this study is to describe the first case of polypropylene suture induced hemangiosarcoma in an abdominal wall of a feline.Case: A 13-year-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a ventral abdominal subcutaneous mass. Clinical examination revealed a firm, rough, and irregular, approximately 6 x 4 cm subcutaneous mass involving the caudal ventral abdomen. A complete blood (cell) count (CBC) was within normal limits. Leukemia and FIV tests were negative; and the results of a chemistry panel revealed elevated creatinine (valor: 2.0 reference range: 0.5-1.9). Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large mass of mixed echogenicity in the mid-ventral abdomen cranial to the bladder, measuring approximately 6 x 4 cm in the middle line with suture deeply embedded within mass suggesting foreign body reaction or neoplasm. There was evidence of sutures (hyperechoic lines) along the caudal abdominal wall extending into the mass. Records indicated that ovariohysterectomy procedure was performed 12 years previously at the same clinic and the closure of the abdominal wall was made with polypropylene sutures. No other abdominal surgery was performed in this cat. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography was not performed due to owner’s finance restrains. The cat was referred to surgery and the mass was excised. No evidence of metastasis was noted during surgery. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were oval to round with granular cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus and exhibited moderate cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. A diagnosis of abdominal wall hemangiosarcoma was made with suture deeply embedded within mass. Surgical margins were clear. [...]

Retrospective study of adverse events of chemotherapy in cats

Background: Clients who seek veterinary care for pets with cancer are often concerned about the potential negative impact of chemotherapeutic treatments on their animals quality of life. A consensus currently exists in veterinary oncology regarding the quantification and rating of adverse treatment effects in dogs and cats in response to chemotherapy agents. This grading system is referred to as Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to investigate the delayed acute effects of chemotherapy drugs in cats receiving cancer treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Medical records were reviewed to determine the chemotherapy agent used and delayed adverse effects. Side effects were classified according to Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group grading. All cats were evaluated after the first chemotherapy administration, after a single dose. The reported effects included hematologic effects (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increases in liver enzymes, and azotemia), gastrointestinal effects (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and inappetence), and sepsis. All of the cats in this study received ondansetron and omeprazol in the first five days following chemotherapy administration. If vomiting occurred with oral medication, maropitant was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days. If diarrhea (> grade II) occurred, probiotics were administered for seven days. Hematologic examination was performed 3-14 days after chemotherapy. If neutropenia (> grade III) occurred, Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days together with prophylactic antibiotics. Lomustine, carboplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and vinblastine were administered in 33%, 19%, 16%, 5%, 16%, 10% and 2% of the cases examined, respectively.[...](AU)

Hemangiosarcoma associated with polypropylene suture in a cat

Background: Sutures plays an important role in wound repair by providing hemostasis and support for healing suture. Synthetic non-absorbable like polypropylene suture materials induce minimal tissue reaction. Polypropylene has not been associated to neoplasms in domestic animals. The aim this study is to describe the first case of polypropylene suture induced hemangiosarcoma in an abdominal wall of a feline.Case: A 13-year-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a ventral abdominal subcutaneous mass. Clinical examination revealed a firm, rough, and irregular, approximately 6 x 4 cm subcutaneous mass involving the caudal ventral abdomen. A complete blood (cell) count (CBC) was within normal limits. Leukemia and FIV tests were negative; and the results of a chemistry panel revealed elevated creatinine (valor: 2.0 reference range: 0.5-1.9). Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large mass of mixed echogenicity in the mid-ventral abdomen cranial to the bladder, measuring approximately 6 x 4 cm in the middle line with suture deeply embedded within mass suggesting foreign body reaction or neoplasm. There was evidence of sutures (hyperechoic lines) along the caudal abdominal wall extending into the mass. Records indicated that ovariohysterectomy procedure was performed 12 years previously at the same clinic and the closure of the abdominal wall was made with polypropylene sutures. No other abdominal surgery was performed in this cat. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography was not performed due to owners finance restrains. The cat was referred to surgery and the mass was excised. No evidence of metastasis was noted during surgery. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were oval to round with granular cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus and exhibited moderate cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. A diagnosis of abdominal wall hemangiosarcoma was made with suture deeply embedded within mass. Surgical margins were clear. [...](AU)

Radiation therapy for oral melanoma in dogs: a retrospective study / A utilização da radioterapia no melanoma oral de cães: Estudo retrospectivo

Our retrospective study evaluated the survival of 24 dogs with unresectable malignant melanoma treated with radiation therapy. Fifteen dogs were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), five with surgery followed by RT and CT, three with palliative RT, and one with electrochemotherapy associated with RT. All dogs were treated with an orthovoltage Stabilipan I. The protocol used was three or four weekly fractions of 8 Gy. Carboplatin was administered every 21 days, a total of four times. Five percent of dogs were classified as having stage I melanoma, 17% as stage II, 50% as stage III, and 17% as stage IV. Sixty-four percent had a partial response to treatment, 29% achieved complete remission, and 7% remained in a stable disease state. The mean survival time was 390 days for stage I, 286 days for stage II, 159 days for stage III, and 90 days for stage IV. We concluded that radiation therapy can be considered a viable alternative for the palliative treatment of canine oral melanoma.

O estudo retrospectivo analisou a sobrevida de 24 cães com melanomas irressecáveis tratados com radioterapia (RT). Quinze animais foram tratados com RT e quimioterapia (QT), 5 animais com cirurgia citoredutiva seguida por RT e QT, 3 animais com RT paliativa apenas e 1 animal com RT associada a 1 sessão de eletroquimioterapia. Os animais foram tratados com um equipamento de ortovoltagem Stabilipan I, e o protocolo foi de três a quatro frações semanais de 8 Gy. A quimioterapia consistiu de carboplatina administrada a cada 21 dias em um total de 4 aplicações. Apenas um animal (4%) foi classificado em estadio I, enquanto quatro (17%) estavam no estadio II, doze (50%) estavam no estadio III e quatro (29%) estavam no estadio IV. De maneira geral, 64% dos cães apresentaram resposta parcial, 29% remissão completa e 7% doença estável. O tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 390 dias no estádio I, 286 dias no estádio II, 159 dias no estádio III e 90 dias no estádio IV. A radioterapia deve ser considerada pelo clínico veterinário como alternativa para o tratamento de melanoma oral canino.

Radiation therapy for oral melanoma in dogs: A retrospective study / A utilização da radioterapia no melanoma oral de cães: Estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT: Our retrospective study evaluated the survival of 24 dogs with unresectable malignant melanoma treated with radiation therapy. Fifteen dogs were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), five with surgery followed by RT and CT, three with palliative RT, and one with electrochemotherapy associated with RT. All dogs were treated with an orthovoltage Stabilipan I. The protocol used was three or four weekly fractions of 8 Gy. Carboplatin was administered every 21 days, a total of four times. Five percent of dogs were classified as having stage I melanoma, 17% as stage II, 50% as stage III, and 17% as stage IV. Sixty-four percent had a partial response to treatment, 29% achieved complete remission, and 7% remained in a stable disease state. The mean survival time was 390 days for stage I, 286 days for stage II, 159 days for stage III, and 90 days for stage IV. We concluded that radiation therapy can be considered a viable alternative for the palliative treatment of canine oral melanoma.

RESUMO: O estudo retrospectivo analisou a sobrevida de 24 cães com melanomas irressecáveis tratados com radioterapia (RT). Quinze animais foram tratados com RT e quimioterapia (QT), 5 animais com cirurgia citoredutiva seguida por RT e QT, 3 animais com RT paliativa apenas e 1 animal com RT associada a 1 sessão de eletroquimioterapia. Os animais foram tratados com um equipamento de ortovoltagem Stabilipan I, e o protocolo foi de três a quatro frações semanais de 8 Gy. A quimioterapia consistiu de carboplatina administrada a cada 21 dias em um total de 4 aplicações. Apenas um animal (4%) foi classificado em estadio I, enquanto quatro (17%) estavam no estadio II, doze (50%) estavam no estadio III e quatro (29%) estavam no estadio IV. De maneira geral, 64% dos cães apresentaram resposta parcial, 29% remissão completa e 7% doença estável. O tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 390 dias no estádio I, 286 dias no estádio II, 159 dias no estádio III e 90 dias no estádio IV. A radioterapia deve ser considerada pelo clínico veterinário como alternativa para o tratamento de melanoma oral canino.

PTH and ionized calcium evaluation in unilateral thyroidectomized cats / Avaliação de cálcio ionizado e paratormônio em gatos submetidos a tireoidectomia unilateral

The aim of this study was to measure ionized calcium and intact parathormone concentrations after unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation in hyperthyroid cats. Hiperthyroid cats may have calcium homeostasis disorder and have decreased calcium concentration. Calcium levels decrease after thyroidectomy and their levels must be measured before thyroidectomy. Seventeen hyperthyroid cats with palpable nodules were submitted to clinical and laboratorial examination and they were prepared to surgery. Unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland autotransplantation was performed. Concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, potassium, total thyroxine and hematologic profile were determined before and seven days after surgery. Blood samples for serum ionized calcium concentration were collected before and after surgery on days 1, 2, 7, 15, 21. Serum calcium concentration fell significantly in all cats within 24 hours after surgery. Hypocalcemia occurred in two cats without clinical signs. The iPTH concentration measurements for samples throughout the study were uniformly low, with no patterns or trends identified. There wasnt correlation between serum calcium levels and iPTH levels in any moment before and after surgery. iPTH couldnt indicate parathyroid gland function after thyroidectomy in cats. The resultsof this study suggest that calcium concentration of all thyroidectomized cats must be measured before surgery even if they are submitted to unilateral thyroidectomy. iPTH concentration doenst evaluate patathyroid gland function.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as concentrações de cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto (iPTH) após a tireoidectomia com implantação da paratireoide em gatos hipertireoideos. Gatos hipertireoideos podem apresentar hipocalcemia por apresentarem distúrbio na homeostase de cálcio. A tireoidectomia pode levar a hipocalcemia pós-operatória, sendo, portanto, fundamental a mensuração dos níveis de cálcio antes da cirurgia em pacientes hipertireoideos. Dezessete gatos com hipertireoidismo com lobos cervicais palpáveis foram examinados e avaliados laboratorialmente para a cirurgia. Tireoidectomia unilateral com implantação da glândula paratireoide foi realizada. Hemograma completo, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, alanino aminotransferase, fósforo, potássio e tiroxina total foram realizados antes e sete dias após a cirurgia. Amostras de sangue para avaliar cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto foram coletadas antes e nos dias 1, 2, 7, 15 e 21 após a cirurgia. Os níveis séricos de cálcio diminuíram significativamente em 24 horas após a cirurgia. Hipocalcemia subclínica ocorreu em dois gatos. As concentrações de iPTH foram uniformemente baixas ao longo do estudo e não avaliaram a função da glândula paratireoide após a tireoidectomia nesses gatos. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de cálcio e de iPTH. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os níveis de iPTH não indicam função da glândula paratireoide e que os níveis de cálcio devem ser avaliados antes da tireoidectomia, mesmo nos casos de tireoidectomia unilateral.(AU)

PTH and ionized calcium evaluation in unilateral thyroidectomized cats

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as concentrações de cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto (iPTH) após a tireoidectomia com implantação da paratireoide em gatos hipertireoideos. Gatos hipertireoideos podem apresentar hipocalcemia por apresentarem distúrbio na homeostase de cálcio. A tireoidectomia pode levar a hipocalcemia pós-operatória, sendo, portanto, fundamental a mensuração dos níveis de cálcio antes da cirurgia em pacientes hipertireoideos. Dezessete gatos com hipertireoidismo com lobos cervicais palpáveis foram examinados e avaliados laboratorialmente para a cirurgia. Tireoidectomia unilateral com implantação da glândula paratireoide foi realizada. Hemograma completo, ureia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, alanino aminotransferase, fósforo, potássio e tiroxina total foram realizados antes e sete dias após a cirurgia. Amostras de sangue para avaliar cálcio ionizado e paratormônio intacto foram coletadas antes e nos dias 1, 2, 7, 15 e 21 após a cirurgia. Os níveis séricos de cálcio diminuíram significativamente em 24 horas após a cirurgia. Hipocalcemia subclínica ocorreu em dois gatos. As concentrações de iPTH foram uniformemente baixas ao longo do estudo e não avaliaram a função da glândula paratireoide após a tireoidectomia nesses gatos. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de cálcio e de iPTH. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os níveis de iPTH não indicam função da glândula paratireoide e que os níveis de cálcio devem ser avaliados antes da tireoidectomia, mesmo nos casos de tireoidectomia unilateral.

The aim of this study was to measure ionized calcium and intact parathormone concentrations after unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation in hyperthyroid cats. Hiperthyroid cats may have calcium homeostasis disorder and have decreased calcium concentration. Calcium levels decrease after thyroidectomy and their levels must be measured before thyroidectomy. Seventeen hyperthyroid cats with palpable nodules were submitted to clinical and laboratorial examination and they were prepared to surgery. Unilateral thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland autotransplantation was performed. Concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, potassium, total thyroxine and hematologic profile were determined before and seven days after surgery. Blood samples for serum ionized calcium concentration were collected before and after surgery on days 1, 2, 7, 15, 21. Serum calcium concentration fell significantly in all cats within 24 hours after surgery. Hypocalcemia occurred in two cats without clinical signs. The iPTH concentration measurements for samples throughout the study were uniformly low, with no patterns or trends identified. There wasn't correlation between serum calcium levels and iPTH levels in any moment before and after surgery. iPTH couldn't indicate parathyroid gland function after thyroidectomy in cats. The results of this study suggest that calcium concentration of all thyroidectomized cats must be measured before surgery even if they are submitted to unilateral thyroidectomy. iPTH concentration doens't evaluate patathyroid gland function

Treatment of two cats with advanced nasal lymphoma with orthovoltage radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy

Background: Feline nasal lymphoma is generally a localized and radiosensitive tumor. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both treatments. Chemotherapy alone is generally not effective, leading to median survival times of 98 to 358 days, while RT alone or a combination of RT and chemotherapy lead to median survivals of 19 months and 955 days, respectively. Orthovoltage radiation therapy, the only radiation available in Brasil, has the disadvantage of being superficial, treating only tumors of 2 cm or less and causing marked skin side effects. The objective of this paper is to report two cases of advanced feline nasal lymphoma, with cribriform plate destruction and central nervous system invasion, successfully treated with orthovoltage radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Case: Two female mixed breed cats were presented with nasal discharge, sneezing and facial deformity. The second cat also had neurologic signalment. Definitive diagnosis in histopathology was lymphoma. Computed tomography revealed advanced disease in both cases, with intranasal mass, bone lysis, invasion of orbital space and central nervous system. Both cats were treated with radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. The first case received radiation therapy for gross disease (12 daily fractions of 300 cGy, five times per week) and CCNU/prednisolone [...]

Treatment of two cats with advanced nasal lymphoma with orthovoltage radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy

Background: Feline nasal lymphoma is generally a localized and radiosensitive tumor. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both treatments. Chemotherapy alone is generally not effective, leading to median survival times of 98 to 358 days, while RT alone or a combination of RT and chemotherapy lead to median survivals of 19 months and 955 days, respectively. Orthovoltage radiation therapy, the only radiation available in Brasil, has the disadvantage of being superficial, treating only tumors of 2 cm or less and causing marked skin side effects. The objective of this paper is to report two cases of advanced feline nasal lymphoma, with cribriform plate destruction and central nervous system invasion, successfully treated with orthovoltage radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Case: Two female mixed breed cats were presented with nasal discharge, sneezing and facial deformity. The second cat also had neurologic signalment. Definitive diagnosis in histopathology was lymphoma. Computed tomography revealed advanced disease in both cases, with intranasal mass, bone lysis, invasion of orbital space and central nervous system. Both cats were treated with radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. The first case received radiation therapy for gross disease (12 daily fractions of 300 cGy, five times per week) and CCNU/prednisolone [...](AU)

Primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat / Hiperaldosteronismo primário em um gato

Background: Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats occurs as a consequence of excessive hormone production by adrenal glands, mainly in adrenocortical tumors. Excessive aldosterone secretion leads to hypokalemia, hypernatremia and systemic hypertension, with consequent clinical signs of muscle weakness, cervical ventroflexion and ocular abnormalities. This report describes a cat diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism successfully treated with unilateral adrenalectomy.Case: A female mixed breed 10-year-old cat was presented with dehydration, severe cervical ventroflexion, bilateral mydriasis and ocular hemorrhage. Systolic blood pressure was 300 mmHg. Anti hypertensive drugs (amlodipine and benazepril) were started. The animal was referred to ophthalmologist, with diagnosis of bilateral partial retinal detachment without blindness. Biochemical results showed severe hypokalemia (2.7 mEq / L) and mild azotemia, BUN 71 mg / dL and creatinine 2.2 mg / dL. Total T4 was within the reference range. Oral potassium citrate (100 mg / kg orally every 12 h) was administered. However, after five days, hypokalemia was more intense (2.4 mEq / L), and systolic blood pressure was 280 mmHg. Due to severe hypertension associated with refractory hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism was suspected. Serum aldosterone was 1239.75 pg / mL. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large heterogeneous mass in the...(AU)

O hiperaldosteronismo primário (HAP) é uma doença endócrina caracterizada pela secreção autônoma excessiva de aldosterona pela zona glomerulosa da glândula adrenal. O aumento da secreção de aldosterona resulta na retenção de líquido, hipernatremia, hipocalemia e hipertensão arterial. Como consequência, a maior parte dos gatos acometidos apresenta fraqueza muscular e sinais oculares associados à hipertensão sistêmica [17].As causas do HAP incluem neoplasia adrenal uni ou bilateral, e hiperplasia idiopática da zona glomerulosa da adrenal. A neoplasia é o achado mais frequente em felinos, incluindo adenomas e carcinomas [1,5,6,13,15,18].Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes incluem sinais de hipocalemia, como letargia, fraqueza muscular, ventroflexão cervical, ataxia e mialgia; poliúria, polidipsia, perda de peso, hipertensão arterial e anormalidades oculares associadas à hipertensão, como midríase, cegueira e descolamento de retina [8,11,12].O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado através da dosagem do nível sérico de aldosterona e concentração plasmática de renina. A ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada são úteis na localização e estadiamento do tumor [8,12]. O tratamento cirúrgico é o indicado para as neoplasias sem a presença de metástases detectáveis [8,11].O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma gata diagnosticada com hiperaldosteronismo primário e tratada...(AU)

Bronchogenic Adenocarcinoma with unusual metastasis in cat

Background: Primary lung tumors in the cats are rare and pulmonary metastatic cancer is more common. Primary lung neoplasms are highly aggressive and tend to metastasize particularly to the regional lymph nodes, pleura, mediastinum bones, muscles, heart, brain and spleen. Digital is the most common metastatic site of primary lung tumors in cats. However, cutaneous metastases of internal tumors are rare in cats. This case reported an unusual cutaneous metastasis in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. Case: A 6-year-old, spayed, female, persian cat was presented for vomiting and anorexia. On physical examination, dyspnea was observed and respiratory sounds were decreased in the caudal portion of the right side of the chest on thoracic auscultation. A nodular lesion was found in the skin extending into the subcutaneous tissue of the chest on fifth thoracic vertebra. On lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax, a diffuse interstitial pattern involving the medial and right-caudal lung lobes was noted. Hematological and biochemistry analysis were normal. Antigen and antibody tests for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeciency virus (FIV) were negative. Pulmonary edema was suspected, but respiratory efforts became worse despite medication. Due to the progressive severity of clinical signs, refractory to medication, an exploratory intercostal thoracotomy was...

Primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat / Hiperaldosteronismo primário em um gato

Background: Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats occurs as a consequence of excessive hormone production by adrenal glands, mainly in adrenocortical tumors. Excessive aldosterone secretion leads to hypokalemia, hypernatremia and systemic hypertension, with consequent clinical signs of muscle weakness, cervical ventroflexion and ocular abnormalities. This report describes a cat diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism successfully treated with unilateral adrenalectomy.Case: A female mixed breed 10-year-old cat was presented with dehydration, severe cervical ventroflexion, bilateral mydriasis and ocular hemorrhage. Systolic blood pressure was 300 mmHg. Anti hypertensive drugs (amlodipine and benazepril) were started. The animal was referred to ophthalmologist, with diagnosis of bilateral partial retinal detachment without blindness. Biochemical results showed severe hypokalemia (2.7 mEq / L) and mild azotemia, BUN 71 mg / dL and creatinine 2.2 mg / dL. Total T4 was within the reference range. Oral potassium citrate (100 mg / kg orally every 12 h) was administered. However, after five days, hypokalemia was more intense (2.4 mEq / L), and systolic blood pressure was 280 mmHg. Due to severe hypertension associated with refractory hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism was suspected. Serum aldosterone was 1239.75 pg / mL. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large heterogeneous mass in the...

O hiperaldosteronismo primário (HAP) é uma doença endócrina caracterizada pela secreção autônoma excessiva de aldosterona pela zona glomerulosa da glândula adrenal. O aumento da secreção de aldosterona resulta na retenção de líquido, hipernatremia, hipocalemia e hipertensão arterial. Como consequência, a maior parte dos gatos acometidos apresenta fraqueza muscular e sinais oculares associados à hipertensão sistêmica [17].As causas do HAP incluem neoplasia adrenal uni ou bilateral, e hiperplasia idiopática da zona glomerulosa da adrenal. A neoplasia é o achado mais frequente em felinos, incluindo adenomas e carcinomas [1,5,6,13,15,18].Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes incluem sinais de hipocalemia, como letargia, fraqueza muscular, ventroflexão cervical, ataxia e mialgia; poliúria, polidipsia, perda de peso, hipertensão arterial e anormalidades oculares associadas à hipertensão, como midríase, cegueira e descolamento de retina [8,11,12].O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado através da dosagem do nível sérico de aldosterona e concentração plasmática de renina. A ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada são úteis na localização e estadiamento do tumor [8,12]. O tratamento cirúrgico é o indicado para as neoplasias sem a presença de metástases detectáveis [8,11].O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma gata diagnosticada com hiperaldosteronismo primário e tratada...

Bronchogenic Adenocarcinoma with unusual metastasis in cat

Background: Primary lung tumors in the cats are rare and pulmonary metastatic cancer is more common. Primary lung neoplasms are highly aggressive and tend to metastasize particularly to the regional lymph nodes, pleura, mediastinum bones, muscles, heart, brain and spleen. Digital is the most common metastatic site of primary lung tumors in cats. However, cutaneous metastases of internal tumors are rare in cats. This case reported an unusual cutaneous metastasis in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. Case: A 6-year-old, spayed, female, persian cat was presented for vomiting and anorexia. On physical examination, dyspnea was observed and respiratory sounds were decreased in the caudal portion of the right side of the chest on thoracic auscultation. A nodular lesion was found in the skin extending into the subcutaneous tissue of the chest on fifth thoracic vertebra. On lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax, a diffuse interstitial pattern involving the medial and right-caudal lung lobes was noted. Hematological and biochemistry analysis were normal. Antigen and antibody tests for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeciency virus (FIV) were negative. Pulmonary edema was suspected, but respiratory efforts became worse despite medication. Due to the progressive severity of clinical signs, refractory to medication, an exploratory intercostal thoracotomy was...(AU)

Thyroidectomy with parathyroid implantation: is it an easy technique?

Background: Feline hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder in cats. Cats may not reach the diseasecontrol and/or have side effects with medical therapy. Thyroidectomy is a definitive treatment and the only option whenradioactive iodine is not available. Extracapsular thyroidectomy with transplantation of the external parathyroid gland isthe surgical technique that minimizes the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia when it is compared to others. The aim ofthis study is report the difficulty in visualizing parathyroid gland during extracapsular thyroidectomy with transplantationof the external parathyroid gland technique in hyperthyroid cats.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty hyperthyroid cats were evaluated and submitted to extracapsular thyroidectomywith transplantation of the external parathyroid gland. Blood samples were collected to hematologic, biochemical andhormonal (total thyroxine) analysis. On physical examination, at least one cervical thyroid lobe was palpable. Cats weretreated with methimazole. Thyroidectomy was recommended when adverse effects of medication occurred or medicalhormonal stabilization was not achieved. The excised thyroid and a sample of external parathyroid gland were histologically examined. Thirteen castrated males and seventeen spayed female cats in age ranging from eight to nineteen years(mean age 13.3 years) were indicated to surgery. Twenty three cats were Brazilian domestic short hair, six were Siameseand one was Oriental. Thyroid palpable cervical nodule was unilateral in eight cats and bilateral in twenty two cats. Thereasons for surgery included adverse effects of methimazole (14/30), difficulty in medicating, owners’ interest in surgicaltreatment (6/30) and inability to stabilize with medical management (10/30). None developed any anesthetic or postoperative complications. The...

Thyroidectomy with parathyroid implantation: is it an easy technique?

Background: Feline hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder in cats. Cats may not reach the diseasecontrol and/or have side effects with medical therapy. Thyroidectomy is a definitive treatment and the only option whenradioactive iodine is not available. Extracapsular thyroidectomy with transplantation of the external parathyroid gland isthe surgical technique that minimizes the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia when it is compared to others. The aim ofthis study is report the difficulty in visualizing parathyroid gland during extracapsular thyroidectomy with transplantationof the external parathyroid gland technique in hyperthyroid cats.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty hyperthyroid cats were evaluated and submitted to extracapsular thyroidectomywith transplantation of the external parathyroid gland. Blood samples were collected to hematologic, biochemical andhormonal (total thyroxine) analysis. On physical examination, at least one cervical thyroid lobe was palpable. Cats weretreated with methimazole. Thyroidectomy was recommended when adverse effects of medication occurred or medicalhormonal stabilization was not achieved. The excised thyroid and a sample of external parathyroid gland were histologically examined. Thirteen castrated males and seventeen spayed female cats in age ranging from eight to nineteen years(mean age 13.3 years) were indicated to surgery. Twenty three cats were Brazilian domestic short hair, six were Siameseand one was Oriental. Thyroid palpable cervical nodule was unilateral in eight cats and bilateral in twenty two cats. Thereasons for surgery included adverse effects of methimazole (14/30), difficulty in medicating, owners interest in surgicaltreatment (6/30) and inability to stabilize with medical management (10/30). None developed any anesthetic or postoperative complications. The...(AU)

Tratamento de um felino com carcinoma cutâneo de células escamosas avançado por meio de quimioterapia intralesional e radioterapia / Treatment of a feline advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy / Tratamiento de un felino con carcinoma cutáneo avanzado de células escamosas con quimioterapia intralesional y radioterapia

Um felino portador de carcinoma cutâneo de células escamosas extremamente avançado foi tratado por meio de quimioterapia intralesional e radioterapia. A lesão estava localizada no plano nasal, media 6 x 9 cm e foi classificada como T4N0M0 segundo o sistema de estadiamento da OMS para tumores epidérmicos de felinos. O animal foi submetido a doze frações radioterápicas de 4 Gy, realizadas três vezes por semana por meio de um equipamento de ortovoltagem. A quimioterapia intralesional foi realizada uma vez por semana durante quatro semanas, cerca de trinta minutos antes de uma fração radioterápica, com o objetivo de atuar como um agente radiopotencializador. Ao término do tratamento, houve remissão completa. Os efeitos colaterais do tratamento foram leves e reversíveis. A associação da radioterapia com a quimioterapia intralesional foi considerada eficaz e segura.(AU)

A cat with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was treated by intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The 6 x 9 cm lesion was located at the nasal plane and was staged as T4N0M0 according to the WHO staging system of feline epidermal tumors. The animal was submitted to twelve 4-Gy radiation fractions by means of an orthovoltage unit on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule. Intralesional chemotherapy was performed 30 minutes prior to a radiation fraction for radiopotentiation once a week for four weeks. Complete remission was observed. Side effects were considered mild. Association between intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy was considered effective and safe.(AU)

Un felino con carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas extremamente avanzado fue tratado a través de quimioterapia intralesional y radioterapia. La lesión estaba localizada en el plano nasal y medía 6 x 9 cm; fue caracterizada como T4N0M0 según el sistema de estadificación de la OMS para tumores epidérmicos de gatos. El animal fue sometido a doce sesiones radioterápicas de 4 Gy realizadas tres veces por semana a través de un equipo de ortovoltaje. La quimioterapia intralesional se realizó una vez por semana durante cuatro semanas, cerca de treinta minutos antes de la radioterapia, con el objetivo de actuar como un agente radio potencializador. Al término del tratamiento hubo remisión completa. Los efectos colaterales del tratamiento fueron leves y reversibles. La asociación de la radio y la quimioterapia intralesional fue considerada eficiente y segura.(AU)

A utilização da radioterapia como terapia adjuvante no tratamento do melanoma oral em um cão / Radiation Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Melanoma in a Dog

Background: Canine oral melanoma is highly aggressive, with an infi ltrative and metastatic behavior. The staging scheme for dogs with oral melanoma is primarily based on size, with stage I = < 2 cm diameter tumor, stage II = 2 cm to < 4 cm diameter tumor, stage III = 4 cm or greater tumor and/or lymph node metastasis and stage IV = distant metastasis. Surgery and radiation therapy are commonly used for local treatment of oral melanoma. Surgery must be aggressive and wide excision, such as partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, can be declined by owners. Median survival times for dogs with oral melanoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy is approximately seventeen, five and three months with stage I, II and III disease, respectively. Radiation therapy plays a role in the local treatment of canine melanoma when the tumor is not surgically resectable, the tumor has been removed with incomplete margins and/or the melanoma has metastasized to local lymph nodes without further distant metastasis. Case: A dog with stage III oral melanoma was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The protocol consisted of three 8 gy radiation fractions (days 0, 7 and 21) delivered by an orthovoltage unit. Energy of 120 kV, 15 mA e 2 mm aluminum filter were used. Collimator size was 6 x 8 cm and source to skin distance was 30 cm. Dose rate was 187 cgy/minute delivered at 1 cm tissue depth, with the animal positioned in left recumbency. Treatment field included visible tumor plus a three cm margin. Lead sheets of 2 mm thickness were used to protect normal tissues around tumor. The dog was anesthetized with propofol (5 mg/kg EV) for correct position every radiation fraction. The chemotherapy consisted of four cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2 intravenously) administered every 21 days. The radiation therapy was well tolerated, and the only acute reaction observed in the irradiated field was epilation. The tumor had a partial remission of about 90% of the lesion, which was stable for six months. Discussion: The reported dog had a mandibular melanoma greater than 4 cm diameter with no evidence of regional or distant metastasis, and was diagnosed as having stage III disease. The animal was referred for radiation therapy because of non-acceptance of the owner to carry out the hemimandibulectomy, believing that the animal would have decreased quality of life to have a short survival even with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was delivered with palliative intention to reduce tumor size and animal discomfort. With radiation therapy and chemotherapy, survival time was six months, exceeding the median survival for patients with stage III treated with wide surgical excision and chemotherapy (that would be three months), without showing side effects that diminish its quality of life. Systemic chemotherapy was used in the reported case with the purposes of acting as a radiopotentiation agent and delaying development of metastasis. Carboplatin has been used as radiopotentiation agent because it interferes with DNA synthesis. In the reported case, chemotherapy was well tolerated. Common radiation side effects include stomatitis, glossitis, skin epilation, erythema and desquamation. In the reported dog, treatment was very well tolerated, and only skin epilation was observed. Radiation therapy can be considered as an alternative option for oral melanoma when wide surgical resection is declined by owners.

Tratamento de um felino com carcinoma cutâneo de células escamosas avançado por meio de quimioterapia intralesional e radioterapia / Treatment of a feline advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy / Tratamiento de un felino con carcinoma cutáneo avanzado de células escamosas con quimioterapia intralesional y radioterapia

Um felino portador de carcinoma cutâneo de células escamosas extremamente avançado foi tratado por meio de quimioterapia intralesional e radioterapia. A lesão estava localizada no plano nasal, media 6 x 9 cm e foi classificada como T4N0M0 segundo o sistema de estadiamento da OMS para tumores epidérmicos de felinos. O animal foi submetido a doze frações radioterápicas de 4 Gy, realizadas três vezes por semana por meio de um equipamento de ortovoltagem. A quimioterapia intralesional foi realizada uma vez por semana durante quatro semanas, cerca de trinta minutos antes de uma fração radioterápica, com o objetivo de atuar como um agente radiopotencializador. Ao término do tratamento, houve remissão completa. Os efeitos colaterais do tratamento foram leves e reversíveis. A associação da radioterapia com a quimioterapia intralesional foi considerada eficaz e segura.

A cat with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was treated by intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The 6 x 9 cm lesion was located at the nasal plane and was staged as T4N0M0 according to the WHO staging system of feline epidermal tumors. The animal was submitted to twelve 4-Gy radiation fractions by means of an orthovoltage unit on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule. Intralesional chemotherapy was performed 30 minutes prior to a radiation fraction for radiopotentiation once a week for four weeks. Complete remission was observed. Side effects were considered mild. Association between intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy was considered effective and safe.

Un felino con carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas extremamente avanzado fue tratado a través de quimioterapia intralesional y radioterapia. La lesión estaba localizada en el plano nasal y medía 6 x 9 cm; fue caracterizada como T4N0M0 según el sistema de estadificación de la OMS para tumores epidérmicos de gatos. El animal fue sometido a doce sesiones radioterápicas de 4 Gy realizadas tres veces por semana a través de un equipo de ortovoltaje. La quimioterapia intralesional se realizó una vez por semana durante cuatro semanas, cerca de treinta minutos antes de la radioterapia, con el objetivo de actuar como un agente radio potencializador. Al término del tratamiento hubo remisión completa. Los efectos colaterales del tratamiento fueron leves y reversibles. La asociación de la radio y la quimioterapia intralesional fue considerada eficiente y segura.