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1.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 41(5): 284-289, 2023 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37144832

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic is of great world concern. Until now, their analysis has mainly focused on next-generation sequencing. However, this technique is expensive and requires sophisticated equipment, long processing times, and highly qualified technical personnel with experience in bioinformatics. To contribute to the analysis of variants of interest and variants of concern, increase the diagnostic capacity, and process samples to carry out genomic surveillance, we propose a quick and easy methodology to apply, based on Sanger sequencing of 3 gene fragments that code for protein spike. METHODS: Fifteen positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 with a cycle threshold below 25 were sequenced by Sanger and next-generation sequencing methodologies. The data obtained were analyzed on the Nextstrain and PANGO Lineages platforms. RESULTS: Both methodologies allowed the identification of the variants of interest reported by the WHO. Two samples were identified as Alpha, 3 Gamma, one Delta, 3 Mu, one Omicron, and 5 strains were close to the initial Wuhan-Hu-1 virus isolate. According to in silico analysis, key mutations can also be detected to identify and classify other variants not evaluated in the study. CONCLUSION: The different SARS-CoV-2 lineages of interest and concern are classified quickly, agilely, and reliably with the Sanger sequencing methodology.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/diagnosis , Pandemics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(5): 284-289, May. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219856

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La aparición de múltiples variantes del SARS-CoV-2 durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es motivo de gran preocupación mundial. Hasta el momento, su análisis se ha centrado principalmente en la secuenciación de nueva generación. Sin embargo, esta técnica es costosa y requiere equipos sofisticados, largos tiempos de procesamiento y personal técnico altamente cualificado con experiencia en bioinformática. Para contribuir al análisis de variantes de interés y de preocupación, aumentar la capacidad diagnóstica y procesar muestras para realizar vigilancia genómica, proponemos una metodología rápida y fácil de aplicar, basada en la secuenciación Sanger de 3 fragmentos del gen que codifica para la proteína espiga. Métodos: Se secuenciaron 15 muestras positivas para SARS-CoV-2 con un valor de umbral de ciclo inferior a 25 por metodologías Sanger y secuenciación de nueva generación. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados en las plataformas Nextstrain y PANGO Lineages. Resultados: Ambas metodologías permitieron identificar las variantes de interés reportadas por la OMS. Se identificaron 2 muestras como alfa, 3 gamma, una delta, tres mu, una ómicron y 5 cepas cercanas al aislado inicial del virus Wuhan-Hu-1. Según el análisis in silico, también se pueden detectar mutaciones clave para identificar y clasificar otras variantes no evaluadas en el estudio. Conclusión: Los diferentes linajes de interés y preocupación de SARS-CoV-2 se clasifican de forma rápida, ágil y fiable con la metodología de secuenciación de Sanger.(AU)


Introduction: The emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic is of great world concern. Until now, their analysis has mainly focused on next-generation sequencing. However, this technique is expensive and requires sophisticated equipment, long processing times, and highly qualified technical personnel with experience in bioinformatics. To contribute to the analysis of variants of interest and variants of concern, increase the diagnostic capacity, and process samples to carry out genomic surveillance, we propose a quick and easy methodology to apply, based on Sanger sequencing of 3 gene fragments that code for protein spike. Methods: Fifteen positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 with a cycle threshold below 25 were sequenced by Sanger and next-generation sequencing methodologies. The data obtained were analyzed on the Nextstrain and PANGO Lineages platforms. Results: Both methodologies allowed the identification of the variants of interest reported by the WHO. Two samples were identified as Alpha, 3 Gamma, one Delta, 3 Mu, one Omicron, and 5 strains were close to the initial Wuhan-Hu-1 virus isolate. According to in silico analysis, key mutations can also be detected to identify and classify other variants not evaluated in the study. Conclusion: The different SARS-CoV-2 lineages of interest and concern are classified quickly, agilely, and reliably with the Sanger sequencing methodology.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Mutation , Communicable Diseases , Microbiology
3.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 41(5): 284-289, 2023 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35602577

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic is of great world concern. Until now, their analysis has mainly focused on next-generation sequencing. However, this technique is expensive and requires sophisticated equipment, long processing times, and highly qualified technical personnel with experience in bioinformatics. To contribute to the analysis of variants of interest and variants of concern, increase the diagnostic capacity, and process samples to carry out genomic surveillance, we propose a quick and easy methodology to apply, based on Sanger sequencing of 3 gene fragments that code for protein spike. Methods: Fifteen positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 with a cycle threshold below 25 were sequenced by Sanger and next-generation sequencing methodologies. The data obtained were analyzed on the Nextstrain and PANGO Lineages platforms. Results: Both methodologies allowed the identification of the variants of interest reported by the WHO. Two samples were identified as Alpha, 3 Gamma, one Delta, 3 Mu, one Omicron, and 5 strains were close to the initial Wuhan-Hu-1 virus isolate. According to in silico analysis, key mutations can also be detected to identify and classify other variants not evaluated in the study. Conclusion: The different SARS-CoV-2 lineages of interest and concern are classified quickly, agilely, and reliably with the Sanger sequencing methodology.

4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(8): 428-435, Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210272

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El estándar de diagnóstico para SARS-CoV-2 es la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó el protocolo de Charité-Berlín para el diagnóstico de COVID-19; esta metodología implica tres PCR, limitando la capacidad de procesamiento y retrasando los resultados. Con el fin de reducir estas limitaciones, se validó una PCR dúplex para la detección del gen E y RNasa P. Métodos: Se comparó el límite de detección, sensibilidad y especificidad de la técnica de PCR dúplex (gen E más RNasa P), comparada contra el estándar monoplex (gen E), en muestras de ARN de un aislado de SARS-CoV-2 y de 88 especímenes clínicos, con resultados previamente conocidos. Se determinó la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de los valores de ciclos umbrales (cycle threshold [Ct]), en dos laboratorios independientes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, usando reactivos y equipos diferentes. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas (p = 0,84) en los resultados de Ct entre ambas estrategias. Al utilizar como referencia el gen E amplificado en monoplex, el análisis de concordancia demostró fuerte similitud entre las dos estrategias, con un coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,89, una sensibilidad del 90%, y una especificidad del 87%. Conclusión: La PCR dúplex no afecta la sensibilidad y especificidad informadas por el protocolo Charité, Berlín, siendo una herramienta útil para el cribado de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras clínicas.(AU)


Introduction: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and RNase P genes. Methods: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and RNase P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values (Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. Results: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (p = 0.84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. Conclusions: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Genes, sry , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis , Mass Screening , Communicable Diseases , World Health Organization , Microbiology , Colombia
5.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(8): 428-435, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35643923

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and ribonuclease P genes. METHODS: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and Rnasa P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values ​​(Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (P = .84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19 Testing , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Ribonuclease P/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics
6.
Front Cell Dev Biol ; 10: 902857, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35721486

ABSTRACT

Aging of mice can be tracked by DNA methylation changes at specific sites in the genome. In this study, we used the recently released Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip to compare such epigenetic modifications in C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2J (DBA) mice. We observed marked differences in age-associated DNA methylation in these commonly used inbred mouse strains, indicating that epigenetic clocks for one strain cannot be simply applied to other strains without further verification. In B6 mice age-associated hypomethylation prevailed with focused hypermethylation at CpG islands, whereas in DBA mice CpG islands revealed rather hypomethylation upon aging. Interestingly, the CpGs with highest age-correlation were still overlapping in B6 and DBA mice and included the genes Hsf4, Prima1, Aspa, and Wnt3a. Notably, Hsf4 and Prima1 were also top candidates in previous studies based on whole genome deep sequencing approaches. Furthermore, Hsf4, Aspa, and Wnt3a revealed highly significant age-associated DNA methylation in the homologous regions in human. Subsequently, we used pyrosequencing of the four relevant regions to establish a targeted epigenetic clock that provided very high correlation with chronological age in independent cohorts of B6 (R 2 = 0.98) and DBA (R 2 = 0.91). Taken together, the methylome differs extensively between B6 and DBA mice, while prominent age-associated changes are conserved among these strains and even in humans. Our new targeted epigenetic clock with 4 CpGs provides a versatile tool for other researchers analyzing aging in mice.

7.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33618853

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The World Health Organization recommends the Charité-Berlin protocol for COVID-19 diagnosis, which requires triple PCR, limiting the process capability of laboratories and delaying the results. In order to reduce these limitations, a duplex PCR is validated for the detection of the E and RNase P genes. METHODS: We compared the limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity of the duplex PCR technique (E gene and RNase P) against the monoplex standard (E gene) in RNA samples from a SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 88 clinical specimens with previously known results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the threshold cycle values (Ct) were determined in two independent laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Antioquia, using different reagents and real time instruments. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the Ct results between both techniques (p = 0.84). Using the monoplex PCR of E gene as a reference, the interrater reliability analysis showed similarity between the two techniques, with a kappa coefficient of 0.89, the sensitivity and the specificity of duplex PCR were 90% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Duplex PCR does not affect the sensitivity and specificity reported by the Charité, Berlin protocol, being a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening in clinical samples.

8.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 67(1): 135-143, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013211

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La prescripción del ejercicio físico y sus implicaciones en pacientes que han sufrido quemaduras es objeto de estudio en diferentes investigaciones debido al impacto físico, psicológico y social que tiene en las personas. Objetivo. Describir la prescripción de ejercicio físico y sus implicaciones en la población adulta que ha sufrido quemaduras. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de tema por medio de exploración de artículos de manera electrónica con filtros de búsqueda en distintas bases de datos con términos DeCS y MeSH. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 11 artículos con intervención de ejercicio físico en fases aguda y crónica. Se incluyeron estrategias sobre la fuerza muscular en cinco de los artículos: tres de resistencia cardiovascular; dos de rango de movimiento, flexibilidad y características tróficas de la piel, y uno de dolor. Conclusiones. Las variables de la prescripción se determinan de acuerdo a las características propias que presenta la persona con quemadura, las cuales se resumen en esta revisión.


Abstract Introduction: The prescription of physical activity and its implications in patients who have suffered burns is the object of study of different investigations due to the physical, psychological and social impact they have on people. Objective: To describe the prescription of physical activity and its implications in adults with burn injury. Materials and methods: A review of the topic was carried out by scanning articles electronically and using search filters in different databases with DeCS and MeSH terms. Results: 11 articles about physical activity intervention in acute and chronic phases were selected. Strategies on muscle strength were included in six of the articles: three on cardiovascular resistance; two on range of motion, flexibility and trophic features of the skin; and one on pain. Conclusions: The variables of the prescription are determined according to the characteristics of the person with the burn, which are summarized in this review.

9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535171

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La obesidad es una enfermedad de evolución rápida y constante que genera costos en salud por enfermedades consecuentes, las cuales aparecen en edades cada vez más tempranas. La disminución del rendimiento físico ocasionado por la obesidad se ha descrito en varios estudios, principalmente, asociado a la alteración de capacidad aeróbica como agente causal, pero también a la disminución de la afectación de otras capacidades físicas. Objetivo. Determinar el grado de asociación entre porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en escolares. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron las capacidades físicas de escolares de segundo a quinto grado, entre 7 a 11 años, utilizando FITNESSGRAM(r). También se correlacionaron las variables de porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas básicas para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre estas. Resultados. Existe asociación significativa entre porcentaje graso y nivel PACER (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), resistencia abdominal (p=0.0148) y flexibilidad de hombro izquierdo (p=0.03186). Sin embargo, no hubo asociación con la fuerza potencia. Conclusión. El porcentaje graso tiene alta influencia sobre las capacidades físicas en general. Se necesita desarrollar estrategias desde temprana edad para contrarrestar el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como fomentar la actividad física para minimizar los efectos deletéreos sobre la salud.


Introduction: Obesity is a disease of rapid and constant evolution that generates burden on health costs due to secondary diseases, which appear at increasingly earlier ages. The decreased physical performance caused by obesity has been described in several studies, and is mainly associated with the alteration of aerobic capacity as a causative agent, but also to a decrease amount of participation in other physical abilities. Objective: To determine the degree of association between body fat percentage and physical abilities (strength, flexibility and resistance) in school children. Materials and methods: The physical capabilities of second through fifth grades children, aged 7 to 11, were assessed using FITNESSGRAM(r). The variables body fat percentage and basic physical capabilities were also correlated to determine the strength of the association among them. Results: There is significant association between body fat percentage and PACER level (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), abdominal strength (p=0.0148) and left shoulder flexibility (p=0.03186). However, there was no association with strength potency. Conclusions: Body fat percentage has high influence on physical abilities in general. Developing strategies is necessary to counter overweight and obesity at early ages and to encourage physical activity to minimize deleterious health effects.

10.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 64(supl.1): 93-98, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-956819

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La obesidad es una enfermedad de evolución rápida y constante que genera costos en salud por enfermedades consecuentes, las cuales aparecen en edades cada vez más tempranas. La disminución del rendimiento físico ocasionado por la obesidad se ha descrito en varios estudios, principalmente, asociado a la alteración de capacidad aeróbica como agente causal, pero también a la disminución de la afectación de otras capacidades físicas. Objetivo. Determinar el grado de asociación entre porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en escolares. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron las capacidades físicas de escolares de segundo a quinto grado, entre 7 a 11 años, utilizando FITNESSGRAM(r). También se correlacionaron las variables de porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas básicas para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre estas. Resultados. Existe asociación significativa entre porcentaje graso y nivel PACER (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), resistencia abdominal (p=0.0148) y flexibilidad de hombro izquierdo (p=0.03186). Sin embargo, no hubo asociación con la fuerza potencia. Conclusión. El porcentaje graso tiene alta influencia sobre las capacidades físicas en general. Se necesita desarrollar estrategias desde temprana edad para contrarrestar el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como fomentar la actividad física para minimizar los efectos deletéreos sobre la salud.


Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a disease of rapid and constant evolution that generates burden on health costs due to secondary diseases, which appear at increasingly earlier ages. The decreased physical performance caused by obesity has been described in several studies, and is mainly associated with the alteration of aerobic capacity as a causative agent, but also to a decrease amount of participation in other physical abilities. Objective: To determine the degree of association between body fat percentage and physical abilities (strength, flexibility and resistance) in school children. Materials and methods: The physical capabilities of second through fifth grades children, aged 7 to 11, were assessed using FITNESSGRAM(r). The variables body fat percentage and basic physical capabilities were also correlated to determine the strength of the association among them. Results: There is significant association between body fat percentage and PACER level (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), abdominal strength (p=0.0148) and left shoulder flexibility (p=0.03186). However, there was no association with strength potency. Conclusions: Body fat percentage has high influence on physical abilities in general. Developing strategies is necessary to counter overweight and obesity at early ages and to encourage physical activity to minimize deleterious health effects.

11.
Bogotá; IETS; mayo 2016. 69 p. tab, ilus.
Monography in Spanish | BRISA/RedTESA, LILACS | ID: biblio-837465

ABSTRACT

Problema de investigación: Calcular los costos y la efectividad esperada de dabigatran, rivaroxaban y apixaban, comparado con warfarina, para prevención de fenómenos tromboembólicos e isquémicos en pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular en Colombia. Tipo de evaluación económica: Evaluación de costo-efectividad. Población objetivo: Pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular en Colombia, análisis del subgrupo de pacientes en falla. Intervención y comparadores: Dabigatran 110 mg y 150 mg, rivaroxaban y apixaban, comparado con warfarina. Horizonte temporal: Tiempo trascurrido entre diagnóstico y expectativa de vida. Perspectivas: Sistema general de Seguridad\tSocial en salud de Colombia. Tasa de descuento: En el caso base se empleó una tasa de descuento común tanto a los costos como a los desenlaces en salud, equivalente al 5% anual. Adicionalmente, se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad de 0 %, 3,5 %, 7 % y 12 %. Estructura del modelo: Modelo de Markov. Fuentes de datos de efectividad y seguridad: \r\nRevisiones sistemáticas de literatura, de acuerdo a la población y tecnologías de la pregunta de investigación. Desenlaces y valoración: Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad (AVAC). Costos incluidos: Costos directos del tratamiento de acuerdo a las alternativas evaluadas y seguimiento a los pacientes. Fuentes de datos de costos: Los medicamentos fueron costeados con la información del SISMED, el costo de los procedimientos fue estimado a partir de los valores contenidos en el Manual Tarifario ISS2001 + 30%. Resultados del caso base: Los nuevos anticoagulantes orales son más costosos pero más efectivos que el tratamiento con warfarina. La relación de costo-efectividad incremental oscila entre $ 74.462.000 para dabigatran 150 mg y $ 97.501.541 para apixaban y para dabigatran 110 mg es de 72.107.742. Es decir, a los precios actuales, estas no serían alternativas costo-efectivas para un umbral equivalente a 3 veces el PIB per cápita. Análisis de sensibilidad: Los resultados del caso base son sensibles a cambios en el precio de los nuevos anticoagulantes y las probabilidades de ACV isquémico y sangrado. A partir de los resultados del análisis de sensibilidad se concluye que para que los nuevos anticoagulantes orales sean costo ­ efectivos, es necesaria una reducción del precio de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales. Conclusiones y discusión: Los resultados de esta evaluación muestran que desde la perspectiva del Sistema General de Seguridad Social de Colombia, los nuevos anticoagulantes orales dabigatran, apixaban y rivaroxaban, son más efectivos que warfarina, en el esquema de prescripción habitual, para la prevención de eventos tromboembólicos e isquémicos en pacientes adultos iguales o mayores a 60 años con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular no valvular sin falla renal y con falla renal, pero no son estrategias costo-efectivas, a los precios actuales.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Atrial Fibrillation , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Warfarin/administration & dosage , Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Health Evaluation/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Colombia , Biomedical Technology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Dabigatran/classification
12.
Bogotá; IETS; mayo 2016. 45 p. tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-846778

ABSTRACT

Tecnologías evaluadas: Dabigatran, rivaroxaban y apixaban, comparado con warfarina. Población: Pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular en Colombia. Perspectiva: Tercer pagador - Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. Horizonte temporal: El horizonte temporal de esta AIP en el caso base corresponde a un año. Adicionalmente se reportan las estimaciones del impacto presupuestal para los años 2 y 3, bajo el supuesto de inclusión en el POS en el año 1. Costos incluidos: Costos directos del tratamiento de acuerdo a las alternativas evaluadas y seguimiento a los pacientes. Fuente de costos: Los medicamentos fueron costeados con la información del SISMED, para costear los procedimientos se empleó tarifario ISS2001. Escenarios: Escenarios de aumento de participación en el mercado y de disminución de precios acorde a los resultados de la evaluación económica paralela a este AIP. Resultados: En el escenario 1, la inclusión implicaría una inversión de 479.616.207.902 en el año 1, de $ 112.930.049.925 en el año 2 y de $ 145.201.625.581 en el año 3, en el escenario 2 implicaría una inversión $ 212.829.453.5 en el año 1, $ 54.400.081.439 en el año 2 y $ 69.849.046.563 en el año 3.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Ischemia/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Health Evaluation/economics , Reproducibility of Results , Colombia , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods , Biomedical Technology , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use
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