ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las infecciones intestinales se relacionan con trastornos del sistema inmune y de la microbiota intestinal. Pueden ser recurrentes y producir otras alteraciones intestinales y sistémicas, que empeoran con la terapia antimicrobiana. La ozonoterapia ha sido usada en el tratamiento de infecciones intestinales. Objetivos: Recopilar información sobre los efectos biológicos, terapéuticos y la seguridad de la administración del ozono por insuflación rectal en el tratamiento de las infecciones intestinales. Métodos: Para la búsqueda de información se empleó el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Se consultaron artículos en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Además, se realizó una búsqueda general en los idiomas español e inglés, a partir de los artículos más relevantes acerca del estudio. Se utilizaron como palabras clave: infecciones, insuflación, microbioma gastrointestinal, ozono como términos más concretos. En el estudio no se aplicó ninguna restricción acerca del ámbito geográfico ni de la edad. Conclusiones: La aplicación rectal de ozono es segura, tiene acciones biológicas y terapéuticas útiles para tratar las infecciones intestinales. Actúa como inmunomodulador y protector de la microbiota intestinal, lo que permite enfrentar esta problemática de salud desde el punto de vista preventivo, curativo y de rehabilitación de los daños causados, tanto por los gérmenes como por los efectos de los antibióticos(AU)
Introduction: Intestinal infections are related to disorders of the immune system and intestinal microbiota. They can be recurrent and produce other intestinal and systemic alterations, which worsen with antimicrobial therapy. Ozone therapy has been used in the treatment of intestinal infections. Objectives: To compile information on the biological, therapeutic effects and safety of the administration of ozone by rectal insufflation in the treatment of intestinal infections. Methods: Google Scholar search engine was used for searching information. Articles were consulted in PubMed and SciELO databases of the Virtual Health Library. In addition, a general search was carried out in Spanish and English, based on the most relevant articles about the study. The keywords used were infections, insufflation, gastrointestinal microbiome, ozone as more specific terms. No restrictions on geographic area or age were applied in the study. Conclusions: The rectal application of ozone is safe, it has useful biological and therapeutic actions to treat intestinal infections, acting as an immunomodulator and protector of the intestinal microbiota, which allows us to face this health problem from a preventive, curative and rehabilitation point of view of the damage caused, both by germs and by the effects of antibiotics(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Ozone/therapeutic use , Insufflation/methods , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Verification uses logical algorithms to detect potential errors before laboratory results are released to the clinician. Even though verification is one of the main processes in all laboratories, there is a lack of standardization mainly in the algorithms used and the criteria and verification limits applied. A survey in clinical laboratories in Spain was conducted in order to assess the verification process, particularly the use of autoverification. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to the laboratories involved in the External Quality Assurance Program organized by the Spanish Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology. Seven common biochemical parameters were included (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, potassium, calcium, and alanine aminotransferase). RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 85 laboratories. Nearly all the laboratories reported using the following seven verification criteria: internal quality control, instrument warnings, sample deterioration, reference limits, clinical data, concordance between parameters, and verification of results. The use of all verification criteria varied according to the type of verification (automatic, technical, or medical). Verification limits for these parameters are similar to biological reference ranges. Delta Check was used in 24% of laboratories. Most laboratories (64%) reported using autoverification systems. Autoverification use was related to laboratory size, ownership, and type of laboratory information system, but amount of use (percentage of test autoverified) was not related to laboratory size. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 36% of Spanish laboratories do not use autoverification, despite the general implementation of laboratory information systems, most of them, with autoverification ability. Criteria and rules for seven routine biochemical tests were obtained.
Subject(s)
Biochemistry/methods , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Adult , Algorithms , Biochemistry/standards , Clinical Laboratory Information Systems , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Humans , Male , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , Reference Standards , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción. La medida de la concentración de las cadenas ligeras libres de inmunoglobulinas en suero proporciona información clínicamente relevante en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y monitorización de pacientes con mieloma múltiple (MM) y con gammapatías monoclonales de significado incierto (GMSI). En este trabajo se ha calculado el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) del cociente kappa/lambda libres (kappa/lambda) en un suero incluido dentro del rango diagnóstico (0,26-1,65), además de establecer unos nuevos valores discriminantes con un VPN del 100% en el grupo de pacientes estudiado. Material y métodos. La medida de la concentración de cadenas ligeras libres en suero se realizó por nefelometría en 157 muestras de pacientes diagnosticados de MM o GMSI y se calculó el cociente kappa/lambda libres. Resultados. El área bajo la curva de rendimiento diagnóstico para el cociente kappa/lambda libres fue de 0,885 en los pacientes con gammapatías con isotipo kappa y 0,879 en pacientes con gammapatías con isotipo lambda. El VPN para un cociente kappa/lambda libres entre 0,26 y 1,65 fue del 92%. Utilizando un intervalo de 0,36-1,0 se alcanzó un VPN del 100%. Conclusiones. La modificación del rango diagnóstico de 0,26-1,65 del cociente kappa/lambda libres por el comprendido entre 0,36 y 1,0, podría ser útil para obviar la realización de un aspirado de médula ósea en pacientes con criterios clínicos y analíticos de GMSI (AU)
Background. Measurement of immunoglobulin free light chains provides relevant clinical information for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). We evaluated the negative predictive value (NPV) of a serum free kappa to lambda (kappa/Lambda) ratio included within the described reference range (0.26-1.65) and also set cut-off points for the ratio in order to ensure a 100% NPV. Methods. Serum concentration of free light chains was measured by nephelometry in 157 individuals diagnosed as having MM or MGUS, and the free kappa/Lambda ratio was calculated. Results. The area under the curve of the free kappa/lambda ratio was 0.885 in the kappa type gammopathies subgroup, and 0.879 for the lambda subgroup. The NPV for a free kappa/lambda ratio between 0.26 and 1.65 was 92%. Using cut-off points of 0.36 and 1.0 for the ratio, achieved a 100% NPV. Conclusions. A change from the cut-off point 0.26-1.65 to 0.36-1.0 for the free kappa/lambda ratio could be useful in order to avoid performing a bone marrow aspirate in patients with MGUS clinical and laboratory criteria (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunoglobulin Light Chains , Immunoglobulin Light Chains/metabolism , Paraproteinemias/diagnosis , Paraproteinemias/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry/methods , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
The obesity paradox in heart failure (HF) is criticized because of the limitations of body mass index (BMI) in correctly characterizing overweight and obese patients, necessitating a better evaluation of nutritional status. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status, BMI, and significance in terms of HF survival. Anthropometry and biochemical nutritional markers were assessed in 55 HF patients. Undernourishment was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the following indexes below the normal range: triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, arm muscle circumference, albumin, and total lymphocyte count. Patients were also stratified by BMI and followed for a median of 26.7 months. Across BMI strata, no patient was underweight, 31% were normal weight, 42% were overweight, and 27% were obese. Undernourishment was present in 53% of normal-weight patients, 22% of overweight patients, and none of the obese patients (p = 0.001). Undernourished patients had significantly higher mortality (p = 0.009) compared to well-nourished patients. In multivariate analysis, only undernutrition (hazard ratio 3.149, 95% confidence interval 1.367 to 7.253), New York Heart Association functional class (hazard ratio 3.374, 95% confidence interval 1.486 to 7.659), and age (hazard ratio 1.115, 95% confidence interval 1.045 to 1.189) remained in the model. Among nutritional indicators, subscapular skinfold was the best predictor of mortality; patients with subscapular skinfold in the fifth percentile had higher mortality (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, BMI does not indicate true nutritional status in HF. Classifying patients as well nourished or undernourished may improve risk stratification.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry/methods , Body Mass Index , Heart Failure/mortality , Nutritional Status/physiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Survival Rate/trends , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preanalytical variables, such as sample collection, handling, transport, and storage, may affect patient results. The number of errors in the preanalytical phase may decrease by following standardized procedures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis (2001-2005) of results obtained through the Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Pathology Quality Assessment Program for the Preanalytical Phase has been carried out to summarize data regarding the main factors affecting the preanalytical phase quality. In such a program, participants are asked to register rejections and causes for rejection of routine or stat samples usually and locally collected at their laboratories. RESULTS: Results discussed refer to 105 laboratories. Of the 4,715,132 tubes expected to be received during the data collection period among participating laboratories and according to determinations included by clinicians in the request form, 32,977 (0.699%) offered a cause for rejection. Whole blood-EDTA samples and serum samples accounted for 75.6% of all samples collected among laboratories, although they only corresponded to 55.8% of all registered rejections. In total, 81% of rejections arose as a result of the following reasons: "specimen not received" (37.5%), "hemolysis" (29.3%), and "clotted sample" (14.4%). Moreover, plasma-citrate-erythrocyte sedimentation rate exhibited the highest percentage of rejection (1.473%), whereas the lowest rate corresponded to whole blood-EDTA (0.381%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall percentage of rejection is similar to previously published data. As some of the included variables have turned out to be irrelevant, the program has been simplified from the year 2006 onwards.
