Tri- and Diterpenoids from Stillingia loranthacea as Inhibitors of Zika Virus Replication.

This study represents the first phytochemical analysis of Stillingia loranthacea (S. loranthacea) and describes new terpenoids obtained from the root bark of this species. The fractionation of the hexane extract from the root bark led to the isolation of two new 28-nor-taraxarenes derivatives, loranthones A and B (1 and 2), four new tigliane diterpenes (5-8), three known tigliane diterpenes (9-11), and three known flexibilene diterpenes, tonantzitlolones A-C (12-14). The investigation of these compounds and the use of a molecular networking-based prioritization approach afforded two other new 28-nor-taraxarenes, loranthones C and D (3 and 4). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 2, and 5-14 was evaluated against Vero cells, and their 20% cytotoxic concentration (CC20) values varied from 8.7 to 328 µM; antiviral activity was tested against an epidemic Zika virus (ZIKV) strain circulating in Brazil. Six out of 12 compounds (2, 5, 9-11, and 14) exhibited significant antiviral effects against ZIKV. Specifically, compounds 2 and 5 offered the most promise as lead compounds as they had a 1.7 and 1.8 log10 TCID50/mL reduction in ZIKV replication, respectively. Together, the present findings have identified S. loranthacea terpenoids as potent anti-ZIKV inhibitors and pave the way to the development of possible new treatments against this devastating pathogen.

Metodología activa en la Enseñanza de Enfermería en Cuidados Intensivos: relato de experiencia / Teaching Nursing in an Intensive Care Unit by Active METHODOLOGY: experience report

INTRODUCCIÓN: el presente estudio es el relato de una actividad curricular de extensión en el contexto universitario, acarreado por las necesidades de aprendizaje específicas observadas en la enseñanza clínica. Objetivo principal: promover vivencias que posibiliten el aprendizaje crítico y reflexivo acerca de los cuidados sistematizados de la enfermería en la Terapia Intensiva. METODOLOGÍA: cualitativa, descriptiva, con abordaje de investigación-acción. Cinco estudiantes fueron seleccionados para realizar actividades supervisadas en cuidados intensivos por el medio de la integración enseñanza-servicio. Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje a lo largo de la investigación se reflejaron en la metodología activa fundamentada por Arco de Maguerèz. RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES: la dinámica de enseñanza-aprendizaje fue apreciada por los estudiantes como estrategia reductora de ansiedad y generadora de adquisición de saberes y prácticas de cuidados intensivos. También colaboró en la construcción de un instrumento de registros específicos de Enfermería Intensiva. CONCLUSIÓN: La inserción de los graduandos de Enfermería en el aprendizaje orientado en unidades de cuidados intensivos mediado por la metodología del Arco de Maguerèz es factible. La aplicación del paradigma educativo con foco en la charla, colabora para la formación de profesionales más críticos y reflexivos. La práctica colaborativa entre los enfermeros del servicio y los docentes es primordial para esta finalidad

INTRODUCTION: the study is a report of an extension curricular activity of a Brazilian public university. It had motivated by specific learning needs observed in clinical teaching. MAIN OBJECTIVE: promoting critical and reflexive learning experiences of Nursing in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODOLOGY: qualitative, descriptive, with action-research approach. Five students were selected to perform supervised activities in ICU through teaching-service integration. The active methodology called Maguerèz Arch was used to operationalize the teaching-learning processes throughout the research. MAIN RESULTS: the teaching-learning dynamics was perceived by the students as a strategy to reduce anxiety and promote the acquisition of knowledge and practices of intensive care. It had had also collaborated in the construction of an instrument for specific records of Intensive Nursing. CONCLUSION: the presence of the Nursing students in ICU guided by the Arch of Maguerèz methodology is feasible. The application of an educational paradigm focused on dialogicity contributes to the formation of more critical and reflective professionals. The collaborative practice between service nurses and professors is essencial for this purpose

The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of braylin: Pharmacological properties and mechanisms by in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Braylin belongs to the group of natural coumarins, a group of compounds with a wide range of pharmacological properties. Here we characterized the pharmacological properties of braylin in vitro, in silico and in vivo in models of inflammatory/immune responses. In in vitro assays, braylin exhibited concentration-dependent suppressive activity on activated macrophages. Braylin (10-40 µM) reduced the production of nitrite, IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6 by J774 cells or peritoneal exudate macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ. Molecular docking calculations suggested that braylin present an interaction pose to act as a glucocorticoid receptor ligand. Corroborating this idea, the inhibitory effect of braylin on macrophages was prevented by RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Furthermore, treatment with braylin strongly reduced the NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Using the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw inflammation model in mice, the pharmacological properties of braylin were demonstrated in vivo. Braylin (12.5-100 mg/kg) produced dose-related antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects on CFA model. Braylin did not produce antinociception on the tail flick and hot plate tests in mice, suggesting that braylin-induced antinociception is not a centrally-mediated action. Braylin exhibited immunomodulatory properties on the CFA model, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6, while increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-ß. Our results show, for the first time, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and immunomodulatory effects of braylin, which possibly act through the glucocorticoid receptor activation and by inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Because braylin is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, this coumarin could represent an ideal prototype of glucocorticoid receptor ligand, able to induce synergic immunomodulatory effects.

Elaboração de lingüiça suína com baixo teor de gordura e sódio / Prepared pork sausage with low fat and sodium

As carnes e seus derivados são alimentos importantes por serem fontes de proteína de boa qualidade, ferro, zinco, selênio e vitaminas do complexo B, Entretanto, o consumo de derivados cárneos tem sido evitado em razão dos elevados teores de gordura e sódio, substâncias cujo consumo tem sido associado à incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a elaboração da lingüiça suína usando goma xantana e sal light (kCl) em substituição à gordura e ao sal comum e, avaliar o impacto destas modificações nas características químicas do produto. A utilização da goma xantana resultou na diminuição do teor da gordura em 27,27%, do valor energético em 19,54% e aumento na porcentagem de umidade, proporcionando assim um maior rendimento industrial. Com o uso do sal light, houve redução de 71,77% do teor de sódio e aumento do 124,73% do teor de potássio.

Qualidade microbiológica de frangos abatidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Microbiological quality of broilers slaughtered in the State of Rio de Janeiro

As doenças de origem alimentar (DOA) são usualmente tóxicas ou infecciosas, causadas por agentes que penetram no hospedeiro através da ingestão de água e alimentos contaminados. Os sintomas são variados, mas vômito e diarréia são comuns. Em países industrializados, que têm sistemas de notificação, o percentual de pessoas com DOA aumenta 30% a cada ano. A salmonelose constitui-se num importante problema sócio-econômico em vários países do mundo, principalmente nos desenvolvidos, pois o agente etiológico desta enfermidade tem sido incriminado como o principal responsável pelos surtos de toxinfecções alimentares. (...) Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária das carcaças e cortes de frango produzidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada seguiu os padrões estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura para análise de alimentos de origem animal, segundo Instrução Normativa número 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003. De acordo com as condições deste trabalho, nas análises de Salmonella spp., observou-se que os produtos apresentaram condições sanitárias satisfatórias, estando de acordo com os padrões legais vigentes. Já a presença de coliformes totais em todas as amostras indica que houve práticas higiênicas em desacordo com as necessárias à manipulação dos alimentos. [...]

The illnesses of alimentary origin are usually toxic or infectious, caused for agents who penetrate in the hostthrough the ingestion of water and contaminated foods. The symptoms are varied, but vomit and diarrea arecommon. In industrialized countries, that have notification systems the percentage of people with increaseof illnesses 30% to each year. The microbiological analysis of foods can supply concernentes information tothe quality of the raw material and to the sanitary conditions under which it had the processing of the food, aswell as a effectiveness of the preservation method. Salmonelose consists in. an important partner-economicproblem in some countries of the world, mainly in the developed ones, therefore the etiologic agent of thisdisease has been incriminated as main the responsible one for the cases of alimentary toxinfections. Althoughsalmonelose to be an illness of obligator notification, in Brazil the cases of the illness nor always are notifiedto the sanitary authorities, what it makes it difficult one real evaluation of the existing cases of salmonelose in the country, even so isolated cases are diagnosised. The presence of fecais coliformes bacteria of the group in the food is interpreted as indicating of fecal contamination, that is, of unsatisfactory hygienical-sanitary conditions, indicating a possible occurrence of enteric patógenos. Thus, this work was carried through with the objective to evaluate the hygienical-sanitary quality of the carcasses and produced cuts of chicken in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The used methodology followed the standards established for the Ministry of Agriculture for food analysis of animal origin, according to Normative Instruction number 62, of 26 of August of 2003. In accordance with the conditions of this work, in the analyses of Salmonella spp.,was observed that the products had presented satisfactory sanitary conditions, being in accordance with the effective legal standards. [...]

Qualidade microbiológica de frangos abatidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Microbiological quality of broilers slaughtered in the State of Rio de Janeiro

As doenças de origem alimentar (DOA) são usualmente tóxicas ou infecciosas, causadas por agentes que penetram no hospedeiro através da ingestão de água e alimentos contaminados. Os sintomas são variados, mas vômito e diarréia são comuns. Em países industrializados, que têm sistemas de notificação, o percentual de pessoas com DOA aumenta 30% a cada ano. A salmonelose constitui-se num importante problema sócio-econômico em vários países do mundo, principalmente nos desenvolvidos, pois o agente etiológico desta enfermidade tem sido incriminado como o principal responsável pelos surtos de toxinfecções alimentares. (...) Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária das carcaças e cortes de frango produzidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada seguiu os padrões estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura para análise de alimentos de origem animal, segundo Instrução Normativa número 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003. De acordo com as condições deste trabalho, nas análises de Salmonella spp., observou-se que os produtos apresentaram condições sanitárias satisfatórias, estando de acordo com os padrões legais vigentes. Já a presença de coliformes totais em todas as amostras indica que houve práticas higiênicas em desacordo com as necessárias à manipulação dos alimentos.