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1.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 28(4): 413-418, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99099

ABSTRACT

La intoxicación por alcoholes (metanol, etanol y etilenglicol)origina acidosis metabólica severa con hiato aniónico y osmolal elevados, alteraciones neurológicas que van desde la obnubilación al coma profundo, amaurosis y muerte. A pesar de la terapia intensiva la morbilidad y la mortalidad siguen siendo muy elevadas. En la intoxicación por etilenglicol, además, puede ocurrir la precipitación masiva de oxalato en los tejidos, sobre todo en el riñón, produciendo un fracaso renal agudo. El tratamiento establecido, en las intoxicaciones por metanol y etilenglicol, es la administración de etanol y la hemodiálisis (HD) precoz. La HD convencional puede reducir rápidamente los niveles de metanol, etanol y etilenglicol, así como los de sus metabolitos tóxicos, corrigiendo también los trastornos electrolíticos y ácido-base. Las membranas de alto flujo son capaces de eliminar más cantidad de tóxico por hora de HD pudiendo ser más eficaces en el tratamiento. En este estudio se presentan 14 casos de intoxicación por alcoholes (11metanol, 1 etanol y 2 etilenglicol) tratados precozmente con bicarbonato, infusión de etanol (para metanol y etilenglicol)y HD con membranas de alto flujo. Al ingreso el pH medio fue 7,04 ± 0,06 (rango 6,60-7,33), el bicarbonato medio de 9,9 ± 1,9 mmol/l (rango 1,4-25) y el déficit de bases medio de 18,4 ± 2,6 mmol/l (rango 2-33). El hiato aniónico inicial fue de 29,1 ± 2,3 mmol/l (rango 16-45) y el hiato osmolal de 119 ± 47 mOsm/l (rango 16-402). Existió una excelente correlación lineal entre los niveles séricos iniciales del alcohol tóxico y el hiato osmolal (R2 = 0,98, p = 0,0006). En todos los casos, el tratamiento precoz con HD corrigió la acidosis metabólica y el hiato osmolal. De los 14 casos, 11 sobrevivieron sin secuelas, 2 quedaron con amaurosis y 1 falleció (mortalidad 7 %). Se concluye que en las intoxicaciones severas por alcoholes la HD debe instaurarse precozmente. La infusión de etanol, al frenar el metabolismo del metanol y del etilenglicol, permite la eliminación rápida por HD de los alcoholes y sus metabolitos tóxicos. La prescripción de HD debe incluir un dializador de alto flujo y gran superficie, un flujo sanguíneo elevado, un baño de bicarbonato con concentraciones normales de potasio y fósforo, y debe prolongarse el tiempo necesario. La modificación del baño de HD evita la hipofosfatemia y la hipopotasemia. La HD según fue implementada en estos casos es una forma segura y efectiva de tratamiento de la intoxicación grave por alcoholes (AU)


Alcohol intoxication (methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol)may result in metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap, increased serum osmolal gap, and neurologic abnormalities ranging from drunkenness to coma, and death. The mortality and morbidity rates remain very high despite intensive care therapy. The toxicity of methanol and ethylene glycol is clearly correlated tothe degree of metabolic acidosis. The established treatment of severe methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication is ethanol administration and hemodialysis (HD). By inhibiting the main metabolic pathway of methanol and ethylene glycol (alcohol dehydrogenase), ethanol prevents the formation of major toxic metabolites (formic acid, glycolic acid and oxalic acid). Conventional HD can reduce serum methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol and its metabolites rapidly, but high-flux membranes should be capable of removing more toxic per hour of HD. In this report, we describe 14 cases of life-threatening alcohol intoxication(11 methanol, 1 ethanol, and 2 ethylene glycol) who were treated successfully with supportive care, ethanol infusion (methanol and ethylene glycol), and early HD with a high-flux dialyser. The median pH was 7.04 ± 0.06 (range 6.60-7.33), median bicarbonate 9.9 ± 1.9 mmol/l (range 1.4-25), and median base deficit 18.4 ± 2.6 mmol/l (range 2-33). The median anion gap was 29.1 ± 2.3 mmol/l (range 16-45) and the median osmolal gap was 119 ± 47 mOsm/l (range 16-402). On admission there was an excellent linear correlation between the serum toxic alcohol concentrations and the osmolal gaps (R2 = 0.98, p = 0.0006). In all cases early HD corrected metabolic acidosis and osmolal abnormalities. The mortality was 7% (1 from 14). We conclude that pre-emptive HD should be performed in severe intoxications to remove both the parent compound and its metabolites. The HD prescription should include a large surface area dialyser with high-flux membrane, a blood flow rate in excess of 250 ml/min, a modified bicarbonate bath enriched with phosphorus and potassium, and a long time session. The phosphorus and potassium- enriched bicarbonate-based dialysis solution used in patients with normal phosphorus and potassium serum levels avoided HD-induced hypophosphatemia and hypopotassemia. HD as implemented in these cases is a safe and very effective approach to the management of alcohol poisonin (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ketosis/physiopathology , Alcoholic Intoxication/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Ethanol/poisoning , Glycols/poisoning , Anions/analysis , Osmolar Concentration , Methanol/poisoning
2.
Nefrologia ; 28(4): 413-8, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18662149

ABSTRACT

Alcohol intoxication (methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol) may result in metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap, increased serum osmolal gap, and neurologic abnormalities ranging from drunkenness to coma, and death. The mortality and morbidity rates remain very high despite intensive care therapy. The toxicity of methanol and ethylene glycol is clearly correlated to the degree of metabolic acidosis. The established treatment of severe methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication is ethanol administration and hemodialysis (HD). By inhibiting the main metabolic pathway of methanol and ethylene glycol (alcohol dehydrogenase), ethanol prevents the formation of major toxic metabolites (formic acid, glycolic acid and oxalic acid). Conventional HD can reduce serum methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol and its metabolites rapidly, but high-flux membranes should be capable of removing more toxic per hour of HD. In this report, we describe 14 cases of life-threatening alcohol intoxication (11 methanol, 1 ethanol, and 2 ethylene glycol) who were treated successfully with supportive care, ethanol infusion (methanol and ethylene glycol), and early HD with a high-flux dialyser. The median pH was 7.04 +/- 0.06 (range 6.60-7.33), median bicarbonate 9.9 +/- 1.9 mmol/l (range 1.4-25), and median base deficit 18.4 +/- 2.6 mmol/l (range 2-33). The median anion gap was 29.1 +/- 2.3 mmol/l (range 16-45) and the median osmolal gap was 119 +/- 47 mOsm/l (range 16-402). On admission there was an excellent linear correlation between the serum toxic alcohol concentrations and the osmolal gaps (R2 = 0.98, p = 0.0006). In all cases early HD corrected metabolic acidosis and osmolal abnormalities. The mortality was 7 % (1 from 14). We conclude that pre-emptive HD should be performed in severe intoxications to remove both the parent compound and its metabolites. The HD prescription should include a large surface area dialyser with high-flux membrane, a blood flow rate in excess of 250 ml/min, a modified bicarbonate bath enriched with phosphorus and potassium, and a long time session. The phosphorus and potassium-enriched bicarbonate-based dialysis solution used in patients with normal phosphorus and potassium serum levels avoided HD-induced hypophosphatemia and hypopotassemia. HD as implemented in these cases is a safe and very effective approach to the management of alcohol poisoning.


Subject(s)
Emergency Treatment , Ethanol/poisoning , Ethylene Glycol/poisoning , Membranes, Artificial , Methanol/poisoning , Renal Dialysis , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Diseases/chemically induced , Metabolic Diseases/therapy , Middle Aged , Poisoning/therapy , Prospective Studies
5.
Nefrologia ; 23(3): 243-51, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12891939

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Mesothelial cells (MC) are the first peritoneal membrane barrier in contact with dialysate. The aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro capacity of different pharmacological agents to modify the ex vivo proliferation of MC obtained from the peritoneal effluent of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty cultures of MC taken from nocturnal peritoneal effluent were performed. After identification, MC are subcultured in 24 multi-well plates, adding the different exogenous agents. Proliferative capacity and cell morphology were estimated on day 16th of culture. The agents evaluated were insulin, IGF-1, tamoxifen, labetalol, carvedilol, enalapril and losartan. RESULTS: Insulin shows a dose-dependent effect on MC growth, with a limit that is stimulated by the addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Concentrations higher than 100 micrograms/ml, are not associated with further growth, even with cell damage. In contrast, the wide range of IGF-1 dose used did not affect to MC proliferation. Tamoxifen causes negative effects on MC growth just a very high doses, not resembling doses in clinical practice. Labetalol does not modify MC proliferation used under therapeutic calculated range. However, concentrations higher than 40 micrograms/ml showed a negative influence on growth, behaving as lethal doses that over 100 micrograms/ml. The addition of FBS attenuates this effect. These effects were very similar to that caused by carvedilol addition. Enalapril and losartan act as antiproliferative agents for MC. This effect is potentiated with angiotensin II, reaching lethal concentrations increasing the dose. In conclusion, mesothelial cell growth ex vivo taken from nocturnal peritoneal effluent on PD patients is an useful tool to explore the effects of any pharmacological agent on the biology of the cell of the peritoneum. The agents used had any influence in the proliferation capacity of mesothelial cells.


Subject(s)
Ascitic Fluid/cytology , Dialysis Solutions/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Peritoneal Cavity/cytology , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Cell Count , Cell Division/drug effects , Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage
6.
Nefrologia ; 23(3): 260-5, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12891942

ABSTRACT

Simple renal cysts are the most common renal masses, accounting for roughly 65 to 70% of cases. They most often occur in patients over the age of 50 as determined from post-mortem examination or renal ultrasonography. The major concern with simple renal cysts is differentiating them from more serious disorders, such as polycystic kidney disease and solid masses such as a renal carcinoma or abscess. Renal arteriovenous malformations may present with ultrasound picture mimicking simple parapelvic cyst. Ultrasound, doppler ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are effective in documenting the underlying lesions non-invasively. Arteriography may be useful to characterise vascular lesion. We report here the spectrum of cystic kidney disease in adulthood in a group of patient with different disorders. The differential diagnosis, complications and associated process are discussed.


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney/pathology , Adult , Aged , Angiography , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography
7.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 23(3): 243-251, mayo-jun. 2003. ilus, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044647

ABSTRACT

Las células mesoteliales (CM) constituyen la primera barrera de la membrana peritoneal con lo que contacta el líquido de diálisis. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar in vitro la capacidad de determinados agentes farmacológicos de modificar la proliferación ex vivo de las CM procedentes del efluente peritoneal de pacientes tratados con diálisis peritoneal (DP). Material y Métodos: Se han realizado 30 cultivos de CM procedentes de efluente peritoneal nocturno. Las CM tras su identificación se subcultivan en placas de 24 pocillos a las que se añadieron los agentes seleccionados. La capacidad proliferativa mesotelial se estimó en el día 16º a la vez que se evaluó la morfología celular. Los agentes fueron seleccionados por su potencial influencia en las CM y por ser utilizados en pacientes en DP. Se analizaron los efectos de la insulina, IGF-1, tamoxifeno, labetalol, carvedilol, enalapril y losartán. Resultados: La insulina ejerció un efecto dosis respuesta sobre el crecimiento de CM aumentado por la concentración de suero bovino fetal (SBF). Este efecto cesa a concentraciones de 100 μg/ml, observándose posteriormente un efecto negativo. El IGF-1 no afectó a la proliferación mesotelial. El tamoxifeno solamente afectó a la capacidad proliferativa mesotelial a concentraciones muy elevadas. El labetalol no modifica el crecimiento mesotelial dentro del rango terapéutico, pero a concentraciones de 40 μg/ml muestra una influencia negativa protegida por el incremento en la concentración de SBF y a partir de 100 μg/ml produce un efecto letal sobre la CM. Estos efectos se reproducen con el carvedilol. El enalapril y el losartán se comportaron como agentes antiproliferativos a nivel mesotelial. Este efecto se acentúa en presencia de angiotensina II, siendo letal con dosis crecientes. En conclusión el estudio de los cultivos de CM tomadas del efluente peritoneal de pacientes en DP es útil para analizar los efectos sobre la proliferación celular que pueden tener diferentes agentes administrados a estos pacientes. Los agentes exógenos analizados influyen de diferente manera en la capacidad de proliferación de las células mesoteliales, siendo recomendable investigar la relación de estos hallazgos con lo que realmente ocurre in vivo


Mesothelial cells (MC) are the first peritoneal membrane barrier in contact with dialysate. The aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro capacity of different pharmacological agents to modify the ex vivo proliferation of MC obtained from the peritoneal effluent of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Material and Methods: Thirty cultures of MC taken from nocturnal peritoneal effluent were performed. After identification, MC are subcultured in 24 multi-well plates, adding the different exogenous agents. Proliferative capacity and cell morphology were estimated on day 16th of culture. The agents evaluated were insulin, IGF-1, tamoxifen, labetalol, carvedilol, enalapril and losartan. Results: Insulin shows a dose-dependent effect on MC growth, with a limit that is stimulated by the addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Concentrations higher than 100 μg/ml, are not associated with further growth, even with cell damage. In contrast, the wide range of IGF-1 dose used did not affect to MC proliferation. Tamoxifen causes negative effects on MC growth just a very high doses, not resembling doses in clinical practice. Labetalol does not modify MC proliferation used under therapeutic calculated range. However, concentrations higher than 40 μg/ml showed a negative influence on growth, behaving as lethal doses that over 100 μg/ml. The addition of FBS attenuates this effect. These effects were very similar to that caused by carvedilol addition. Enalapril and losartan act as antiproliferative agents for MC. This effect is potentiated with angiotensin II, reaching lethal concentrations increasing the dose. In conclusion, mesothelial cell growth ex vivo taken from nocturnal peritoneal effluent on PD patients is an useful tool to explore the effects of any pharmacological agent on the biology of the cell of the peritoneum. The agents used had any influence in the proliferation capacity of mesothelial cells


Subject(s)
Humans , Ascitic Fluid/cytology , Dialysis Solutions/supply & distribution , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Peritoneal Cavity/cytology , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Cell Count/methods , Cell Count/trends , Cell Division , Cells, Cultured , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Insulin/therapeutic use , Enalapril/therapeutic use , Losartan/therapeutic use
8.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 23(3): 260-265, mayo-jun. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044650

ABSTRACT

Los quistes renales simples son las masas renales más frecuentes presentándose, por lo general, en sujetos mayores de 50 años. El principal problema de los quistes renales simples es diferenciarlos de otras patologías más graves como la poliquistosis renal o las masas sólidas como los carcinomas renales. Los abcesos, las malformaciones arteriovenosas o los aneurismas pueden presentarse también en la ecografía como un quiste simple. En este artículo se describen los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos de un grupo de pacientes con distintas patologías quísticas y sus complicaciones. Con ello se pretende ilustrar el espectro de enfermedades quísticas de los riñones en el adulto. Se discute la utilidad de las diferentes técnicas de imagen y se resumen los criterios radiológicos que pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial


Simple renal cysts are the most common renal masses, accounting for roughly 65 to 70% of cases. They most often occur in patients over the age of 50 as determined from post-mortem examination or renal ultrasonography. The major concern with simple renal cysts is differentiating them from more serious disorders, such as polycystic kidney disease and solid masses such as a renal carcinoma or abscess. Renal arteriovenous malformations may present with ultrasound picture mimicking simple parapelvic cyst. Ultrasound, doppler ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are effective in documenting the underlying lesions non-invasively. Arteriography may be useful to characterise vascular lesion. We report here the spectrum of cystic kidney disease in adulthood in a group of patient with different disorders. The differential diagnosis, complications and associated process are discussed


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Kidney , Tomography, X-Ray/methods , Case-Control Studies , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications , Kidney Diseases, Cystic , Angiography/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Kidney , Tomography, X-Ray/trends , Tomography, X-Ray , Kidney Diseases, Cystic , Kidney Neoplasms/complications
9.
Nefrologia ; 22(5): 482-5, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12497751

ABSTRACT

Secondary systemic amyloidosis (AA) occurs in association with chronic inflammatory disorders and chronic infections. Regression can occur after therapeutically induced remission of the underlying disease; spontaneous remissions has been reported infrequently. We report a 61 year-old woman, with antecedent pulmonary tuberculosis, who developed a nephrotic syndrome at the time of a respiratory infection. Renal biopsy showed secondary amyloidosis. Remission in the nephrotic syndrome appeared spontaneous, but it recurred in the course of pneumonia, and had a second spontaneous remission a maintained at present.


Subject(s)
Amyloidosis/complications , Kidney Diseases/complications , Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Amyloidosis/pathology , Edema/etiology , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/complications , Proteinuria/etiology , Recurrence , Remission, Spontaneous , Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications
10.
Nefrologia ; 22(4): 348-55, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12369126

ABSTRACT

Icodextrin (IC) is an osmotic agent that produces sustained ultrafiltration (UF) during long dwell time periods in peritoneal dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7.5% IC for the diurnal exchange in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients and to compare them with that of 2.27% glucose solutions. Seventeen patients treated on APD during 13.9 +/- 12.7 months were included. The study was divided into three eight weeks phases. During the baseline period patients used 2.27% glucose for the daytime, second, IC 7.5% was prescribed for the day-exchange, and finally 2.27% glucose solution was used for the last eight weeks. Daytime UF increased in all patients during IC use (-53 +/- 22 to 270 +/- 304 ml/day, p < 0.01). Patients with higher peritoneal permeability capacity obtained more benefits. Daytime urea KT/V and weekly creatinine clearance (WCC) augmented significantly during IC use, but the increase of weekly urea KT/V and WCC was not significant (2.18 +/- 0.45 to 2.26 +/- 0.41 and 62.7 +/- 18 to 66.6 +/- 15 l/week/1.73 m2; respectively). On IC, nightly glucose load significantly decreased (289 +/- 82 to 266 +/- 94 g, p < 0.05), returning to previous value after withdrawal. Plasma osmolality did not change, although plasma sodium levels decreased during IC use (140 +/- 3 to 136 +/- 2, p < 0.001). Serum amylase levels significantly declined during IC use (279 +/- 151 to 29 +/- 9 U/l), returning to previous values after transfer to glucose. Peritoneal function transport parameters and peritoneal protein losses did not change. IC metabolite plasma levels increased during the use of this solution, returning to previous values after withdrawal. In conclusion, IC dialysate is an excellent alternative to glucose dialysate for the day-exchange in APD patients. Daytime UF increased in all patients, but those with higher peritoneal permeability capacity obtained more benefits. The decrease of the glucose peritoneal load overnight and the reduction for more than 50% of exposure time of the peritoneal membrane to glucose solutions, probably make IC solution a more biocompatible fluid.


Subject(s)
Glucans/administration & dosage , Glucose/administration & dosage , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Adult , Ascitic Fluid/metabolism , Automation , Blood Glucose/analysis , Creatinine/blood , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Glucans/blood , Glucans/pharmacokinetics , Glucose/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Icodextrin , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Lipids/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Osmolar Concentration , Proteins/metabolism , Sodium/blood , Ultrafiltration
11.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(5): 482-485, sept. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-20266

ABSTRACT

La amiloidosis secundaria (AA) es consecuencia de gran variedad de procesos inflamatorios crónicos y la mayoría de las remisiones se producen al tratar la enfermedad de base, siendo poco frecuente la resolución espontánea. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 61 años con antecedentes de tuberculosis pulmonar en la juventud, que desarrolla, coincidiendo con cuadro catarral, un síndrome nefrótico secundario a amiloidosis AA, que remite espontáneamente, y que recurre de nuevo en el curso de una neumonía, regresando de nuevo espontáneamente, hasta la actualidad (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Nephrotic Syndrome , Pneumonia , Recurrence , Proteinuria , Respiratory Tract Infections , Remission, Spontaneous , Amyloidosis , Hypercholesterolemia , Kidney Diseases , Edema , Serum Amyloid A Protein , Serum Amyloid A Protein
12.
Nefrologia ; 22(3): 282-6, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12123129

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 47 years old women with a third cadaveric kidney transplant. After surgery, she had effective diuresis reaching a serum creatinine of 2.2 mgs% at 19 postoperative day. In the nest few days, the patient was oliguric with worsening of renal function. The ultrasound examination excluded urinary obstruction. With the suspicion of acute rejection, a renal biopsy was performed. The histopathological record disclosed cholesterol emboli with a widespread multifocal ischemic infarct and eosinophilic tubulointerstitial nephritis. The renal function deteriorated in the seven next days and peritoneal dialysis was carmedow. She then recovered diuresis with improvement of renal function, reaching at discharge a serum creatinine of 1.8 mgs%. The renal function remains stable after 3 years. We analysed the etiopathogenic factors of this disease and the possible beneficial effects of immunosuppresive drugs in better prognosis compared with the same entity in native kidneys.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Embolism, Cholesterol/complications , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prognosis
13.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(4): 348-355, jul. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14502

ABSTRACT

La icodextrina (IC) es un agente osmótico que tiene la capacidad de mantener la ultrafiltración (UF) de forma sostenida durante períodos largos de tiempo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la utilización de soluciones con IC 7,5 por ciento durante el intercambio diurno en pacientes tratados con diálisis peritoneal automática (DPA) y compararlos con los obtenidos con soluciones que contienen glucosa. Se incluyeron 17 pacientes en tratamiento con DPA durante 13,9 ñ 12,7 meses. El estudio se realizó en tres fases de 8 semanas de duración cada una. En la primera los pacientes usaron durante el intercambio diurno soluciones con glucosa al 2,27 por ciento, en la segunda soluciones con IC 7,5 por ciento y en la tercera glucosa 2,27 por ciento. La prescripción de la DPA nocturna no se modificó. La ultrafiltración diurna se incrementó en todos los pacientes durante la utilización de IC (-53 ñ 22 a 270 ñ 304 ml/día, p < 0,01), siendo los más beneficiados aquellos con mayor permeabilidad peritoneal. Los valores de Kt/V y de CCrs diurnos aumentaron significativamente durante el uso de IC; mientras que en los totales las diferencias no fueron significativas (2,18 ñ 0,45 a 2,26 ñ 0,41 y 62,7 ñ 18 a 66,6 ñ 15 l/semana/1,73 m2; respectivamente). La carga nocturna de glucosa absorbida descendió durante el uso de IC (289 ñ 82 a 266 ñ 94 g, p < 0,05), volviendo a valores similares a los previos tras su suspensión. Los niveles plasmáticos de sodio descendieron durante el uso de IC (140 ñ 3 vs 136 ñ 2, p < 0,001) aunque la osmolaridad plasmática no se modificó. La amilasa sérica disminuyó durante la utilización de IC (279 ñ 151 a 29 ñ 9 U/l, p < 0,001), volviendo a valores previos tras reiniciar la glucosa. El transporte de solutos y las pérdidas proteicas peritoneales no se modificaron. Se observó un aumento significativo de los niveles plasmáticos de IC y sus metabolitos durante el uso de IC. Concluimos que las soluciones con IC son una excelente alternativa a las que contienen glucosa para el intercambio diurno en DPA. El incremento en la UF se observó en todos los pacientes estudiados, aunque aquellos con una mayor superficie peritoneal efectiva fueron los más beneficiados. La reducción de la carga diaria de glucosa absorbida y la disminución de más del 50 por ciento del tiempo diario de exposición de la membrana peritoneal a la glucosa, la convierten probablemente en una solución más bicocompatible (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Sodium , Ultrafiltration , Osmolar Concentration , Peritoneal Dialysis , Proteins , Automation , Blood Glucose , Ascitic Fluid , Drug Administration Schedule , Creatinine , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Lipids , Glucose , Glucans
14.
Nefrologia ; 22(2): 190-5, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12085420

ABSTRACT

We report two patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis without alveolar hemorrhage. Renal biopsy showed extracapillary glomerulonephritis with linear deposits of immunoglobulin G. Serologically anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (Ac AMBG) and ANCA anti-myeloperoxidase were present. All patients were treated with steroids, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange. One patient needed dialysis, and other one died from a renal biopsy complication. We discuss the epidemiologic, pathogenic and prognostic aspects of this association.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/immunology , Autoantigens/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Glomerulonephritis/immunology , Kidney Glomerulus/immunology , Peroxidase/immunology , Aged , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Basement Membrane/immunology , Biopsy/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Fatal Outcome , Female , Glomerulonephritis/complications , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Immune Complex Diseases/immunology , Immune Complex Diseases/pathology , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Kidney Glomerulus/ultrastructure , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Plasmapheresis , Prognosis , Renal Dialysis , Retroperitoneal Space
15.
Nefrologia ; 22(1): 75-8, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11987689

ABSTRACT

We report a 68-year-old man with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, who developed multiple venous thromboses (inferior vena cava, left renal vein and iliofemoral veins) caused by local compression of the intrahepatic inferior vena cava by hepatic cysts. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of inferior vena cava thrombosis caused by hepatic cysts compression. Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were effective in documenting the venous thromboses and the underlying lesions non-invasively. Long-term anticoagulation was an efficient and safe treatment.


Subject(s)
Cysts/complications , Liver Diseases/complications , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/complications , Thrombosis/etiology , Vena Cava, Inferior , Aged , Humans , Male
16.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(3): 282-286, mayo 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19414

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años de edad, receptora de un tercer trasplante renal de donante cadáver. Tras la cirugía presentó diuresis eficaz, alcanzando en el 19° día post-trasplante una cifra de creatinina sérica de 2,2 mg/dL.A partir de ese día, asistimos a un empeoramiento progresivo de la función renal, oliguria y aumento de peso, descartándose ecográficamente dilatación de la vía excretora. Se sospechó rechazo agudo, por lo que se realizó biopsia del injerto y se instauró de forma empírica tratamiento de rescate con bolus de Metilprednisolona y se sustituyó la Ciclosporina (CsA) por Tacrólimus en el tratamiento inmunosupresor. El informe anatomopatológico fue tromboembolismo de colesterol (EC) con infarto isquémico multifocal extenso y nefritis túbulo-intersticial con presencia de eosinófilos. Durante los primeros siete días tras la biopsia la función renal siguió empeorando, por lo que fue necesario la realización de Diálisis Peritoneal (DP). A partir de ese momento se produce una recuperación progresiva de la diuresis y de la función renal, hasta alcanzar una creatinina sérica de 1,8 mg/dL, que se mantiene estable 3 años después. Se analizan los factores precipitantes y se discute el efecto etiopatogénico de la Ciclosporina en la enfermedad ateroembólica, así como la acción antiinflamatoria del tratamiento esteroideo y del resto de los inmunosupresores en el curso más favorable del EC en el trasplante renal (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Kidney Transplantation , Prognosis , Cadaver , Acute Kidney Injury , Embolism, Cholesterol
17.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(2): 190-195, mar. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19388

ABSTRACT

Presentamos dos casos de insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva, sin hemorragia pulmonar. Las biopsias renales mostraron glomerulonefritis extracapilar con depósitos lineales de IgG. Serológicamente se evidenció positividad para anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular (Ac AMBG) y ANCA anti-mieloperoxidasa. A pesar del tratamiento con esteroides, ciclofosfamida y plasmaféresis, una paciente precisó hemodiálisis periódica y la otra falleció por complicaciones de la biopsia renal. Se discuten factores epidemiológicos, etipopatógenicos y pronósticos de la asociación (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Female , Humans , Fatal Outcome , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic , Disease Progression , Peroxidase , Methylprednisolone , Plasmapheresis , Retroperitoneal Space , Prognosis , Biopsy , Autoimmune Diseases , Basement Membrane , Autoantigens , Autoantibodies , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide , Hemorrhage , Immune Complex Diseases , Kidney Glomerulus , Immunoglobulin G , Immunosuppressive Agents , Glomerulonephritis , Renal Dialysis
18.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 22(1): 75-78, ene. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19377

ABSTRACT

Describimos un paciente con poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante, que desarrolló una trombosis de vena cava inferior, vena renal izquierda y de ambas venas iliofemorales, debido a compresión extrínseca de la vena cava inferior intrahepática por quistes hepáticos. La utilización de la ecografía-doppler, la tomografía axial computerizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear se han mostrado útiles como técnicas no invasivas para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de esta complicación, y la anticoagulación crónica resultó ser un tratamiento efectivo en este caso (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Humans , Vena Cava, Inferior , Thrombosis , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant , Cysts , Liver Diseases
19.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 21(4): 402-405, jul. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5338

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un paciente de 85 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síndrome nefrótico clínico y bioquímico. La biopsia renal mostró una nefropatía membranosa estadio I-II. Descartada la existencia de neoplasia, se inició tratamiento esteroideo, sin comprobar modificación en la proteinuria al cabo de dos meses de tratamiento. Se discuten los factores que deben hacer sospechar la existencia de lesiones glomerulares, diferentes a la glomeruloesclerosis diabética, que sugieran la realización de biopsia renal, su importancia pronóstica y terapéutica, así como posibles aspectos patogénicos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Male , Humans , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous , Pleural Effusion , Proteinuria , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Biopsy , Arterioles , Diabetic Nephropathies , Diagnosis, Differential , Diuretics , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Kidney Cortex , Edema , Glomerular Mesangium , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
20.
Nefrologia ; 21(4): 402-5, 2001.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11816518

ABSTRACT

We report an 85 years-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and both clinical and biochemical nephrotic syndrome. The renal biopsy showed membranous nephropathy at stage I-II. There was no evidence of malignancy. The patient was treated with steroids, and two months later the proteinuria had not improved. The objects under discussion are the factors that should lead to suspect the existence of glomerulonephritis, other than diabetic glomerulosclerosis, suggesting the need for kidney biopsy. We also focus on the prognostic and therapeutic relevance, as well as on the common pathogenic aspects.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Arterioles/pathology , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Edema/etiology , Glomerular Mesangium/pathology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/complications , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology , Humans , Kidney Cortex/pathology , Male , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Proteinuria/etiology
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