ABSTRACT
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and is considered one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. The Brazilian Amazon Forest harbors one of the highest diversity of Leishmania parasites and vectors and is one of the main focuses of the disease in the Americas. Previous studies showed that some types of anthropogenic disturbances have affected the abundance and distribution of CL vectors and hosts; however, few studies have thoroughly investigated the influence of different classes of land cover and land-use changes on the disease transmission risk. Here, we quantify the effect of land use and land-cover changes on the incidence of CL in all municipalities within the Brazilian Amazon Forest, from 2001 to 2017. We used a structured spatiotemporal Bayesian model to assess the effect of forest cover, agriculture, livestock, extractivism, and- deforestation on CL incidence, accounting for confounding variables such as population, climate, socioeconomic, and spatiotemporal random effects. We found that the increased risk of CL was associated with deforestation, especially modulated by a positive interaction between forest cover and livestock. Landscapes with ongoing deforestation for extensive cattle ranching are typically found in municipalities within the Amazon Frontier, where a high relative risk for CL was also identified. These findings provide valuable insights into developing effective public health policies and land-use planning to ensure healthier landscapes for people.
Subject(s)
Bayes Theorem , Conservation of Natural Resources , Forests , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Incidence , Animals , Agriculture , Humans , Spatio-Temporal AnalysisABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve comoobjetivo identificar o conhecimento geral que permeia os traços de liderança desenvolvidos nos currículos de graduação em Enfermagem. Uma breve revisão bibliográfica possibilitou uma reflexão a respeito de como essa característica vem sendoarticulada nas reformas curriculares. Considerando a qualidade da assitência deEnfermagem e a satisfação do trabalho em equipe como o ápice da liderança, os órgãos formadores precisam explicitar e operacionalizar conteúdos e estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem que permitam experiências concretas nos acadêmicos.