Adecuación de los botiquines de antídotos de los servicios de farmacia en hospitales públicos de la comunidad autónoma de Les Illes Balears / Adequacy of poisoning antidote stocks in the pharmacies of public health service hospitals in the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands

Objetivo: Analizar la adecuación del botiquín de antídotos en los servicios de farmacia de los hospitales de la red pública de la comunidad autónoma de Les Illes Balears. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal que revisa la composición del botiquín de antídotos y otros fármacos para el tratamiento de intoxicaciones agudas disponible en los servicios de farmacia de los diversos hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma, mediante cumplimentación de un formulario específico por un responsable de cada centro. Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con las recomendaciones CALITOX-2006 y las recomendaciones Antidote Stocking Guidelines (ASG-2009), se analizó la disponibilidad, cantidad y ubicación. Resultados: En los 7 hospitales, la disponibilidad supera el 85% según CALITOX y el68% según ASG. Las carencias principales fueron el sulfato sódico, la apomorfina, la cianida kit oral y el suero anticrotálide. La adecuación cuantitativa media es del 83%, y lapiridoxina es el que más veces está infradotado. Hay un exceso de carbón activado y de N-acetilcisteína. Se detectó una infradotación de glucagón y de fomepizol en el hospital de referencia. Los criterios de ubicación en el servicio de urgencias se siguieron en más del 80% (hospital de nivel I), 68% (hospital de nivel II) y 94% (hospital de referencia).Conclusiones: El grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones consultadas en cuanto a composición, accesibilidad y dotación del botiquín de antídotos y otros fármacos para el tratamiento de intoxicaciones agudas en los hospitales públicos de Les Illes Balears es alto, con una distribución en cada una de las islas segura para garantizar su disponibilidad. La situación geográfica del hospital y su proximidad al centro de referencia más dotado de antídotos predominan sobre el grado de complejidad del hospital en los de nivel 2

Objective: To analyze whether pharmacies in public health service hospitals in the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands are stocking sufficient amounts of poison antidotes. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of public hospital pharmacy stocks of antidotes and other medicines for treating acute poisoning. The head of each hospital pharmacy completed a questionnaire about stocks. The results on which antidotes were in stock, the amounts, and the storage locations were assessed for compliance with recommended quality indicators for emergency care in acute poisonings (CALITOX-2006) and the Antidote Stocking Guidelines (ASG-2009).Results: The 7 hospitals met the CALITOX-2006 availability criteria for over 85% of items and the ASG-2009 criteria for68%. Inadequate stocking mainly involved sodium sulfate, apomorphine, oral cyanide antidote kits, and crotaline snake antivenom. An average of 83% of the stocks were adequate; pyridoxine was the substance most often found to be understocked. Activated charcoal and N-acetylcysteine were the items most often overstocked. Glucagon and fomepizole were understocked in the referral hospital. Over 80% of items were stored in appropriate ocations in the emergency departments of level 1 hospitals (68% in level 2 hospitals; 94% in the referral hospital). Conclusions: Public health system hospitals are highly compliant with recommendations on stocking antidotes and other medicines to treat acute poisoning (what to stock, where, and in what amounts); the distribution of stocks safely guarantees they will be available when needed. Among level 2 hospitals, a facility's location (proximity to the best-equipped referral hospital for poisonings) had greater influence on compliance than the hospital's level of complexity

Tratamiento farmacológico de la diabetes, de la obesidad y de otros componentes del síndrome metabólico / Pharmacologic treatment of diabetes, obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome

La diabetes, la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico (SM) son patologías relacionadas. Su prevalencia mundial alcanza cifras epidémicas, lo que plantea reforzar los programas preventivos. El tratamiento farmacológico no es el primer escalón terapéutico; el primer escalón es el establecimiento y mantenimiento de un «estilo de vida saludable». La farmacología de la diabetes tipo 1 requiere la administración de insulina, pero el tratamiento del tipo 2 es más amplio y permite al inicio del mismo la administración de antidiabéticos orales (ADO). Dentro de los ADO disponemos de clásicos como biguanidas, sulfonilureas e inhibidores de α-glucosidasa, y de aprobados recientemente como meglitinidas, tiazolidindionas e incretinas (inhibidores de dipeptidilpeptidasa IV [(DPP-IV) y análogos del glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)]; y dentro de las insulinas disponemos de acción rápida e intermedia y de más modernas de acción ultrarrápida y prolongada. Los estudios científicos centrados en el tratamiento preventivo de la diabetes tipo 1 están en fases preliminares. Para el tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad se han probado diferentes mecanismos de acción, pero los resultados no han sido exitosos, por los efectos secundarios. Actualmente sólo puede prescribirse en España un principio activo, el orlistat. La dislipemia está asociada al SM, y para su tratamiento se utilizan los fármacos habituales, es decir estatinas, fibratos, resinas y ezetimiba (AU)

Diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are related pathologies. Their prevalence has reached epidemic proportions globally, which enforces the need to establish preventive programmes. Efforts on promoting a healthy diet and physical activity should be undertaken. Insulin therapy is a critical part of treatment for type 1 diabetes and for many who have type 2, as well. Rapid, short, intermediate and long acting insulines are available. However, the therapeutical approach for the type 2 diabetes allows the oral route, at least as an initial treatment. To the classic antidiabetic drugs (biguanides, sulphonylureas and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors), new ones, such as meglitinides, thiazolidinediones and incretines (glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide analogues) have been approved during the last years. Moreover, some studies for the type 1 diabetes prevention are currently conducted. Despite several drugs with different mechanisms of action have been investigated for the pharmacology treatment of the obesity, their side effects justifies that, to date, only orlistat is currently approved in Spain for this indication. Dyslipemia is a disorder linked to the MS. Statins, fibrates, resins and ezetimibe constitute the therapeutic options (AU)

Conciliación de la medicación: asumamos la responsabilidad compartida / No disponible

No disponible

[Comparative study of errors in electronic versus manual prescription]. / Estudio comparativo de errores con prescripción electrónica versus prescripción manual.

OBJECTIVE: Electronic prescribing is considered a basic measure for the prevention and reduction of medications errors. The goal of this survey was to assess the incidence of errors occurring with electronic versus standard prescription. METHOD: A prospective, sequential, open-label study to assess errors with electronic prescribing as compared to traditional manual prescribing in two public hospitals in Balearic Islands. Errors regarding medication, diet and/or nursing orders were assesses along four process stages: medical prescription, pharmacy transcription/validation, nursing transcription, and dispensation. RESULTS: With manual prescription 1,576 errors/18,539 therapy orders (8.50%) were identified, whereas with electronic prescription 827 errors/18,885 therapy orders (4.38%) were detected, which represents a relative risk reduction by 48% and an absolute risk reduction by 4.12% (p < 0.0001). Pharmacy transcription/validation errors decreased (1.73 vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001), as did nursing transcription errors (2.54 vs. 0.81%, p < 0.0001) and dispensation errors (2.13 vs. 0.96%, p < 0.0001); however, the number of prescription errors increased (2.10 vs. 2.40%, p = 0.0401). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic prescription is a powerful tool, and one that in this work was shown to decrease medication-, diet-, and nursing care-related errors in a highly significant way; however, it should be developed and maintained in order to achieve safety and effectiveness as required by drug usage.

Estudio comparativo de errores con prescripción electrónica versus prescripción manual / Comparative study of errors in electronic versus manual prescription

Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de errores que se producencon la prescripción electrónica comparada con la prescripciónmanual.Método: Estudio prospectivo, secuencial y abierto para valorarlos errores con prescripción electrónica comparándola con laprescripción manual tradicional en dos hospitales públicos de lasIslas Baleares. Se han valorado los errores de medicación, dietay/u órdenes de enfermería en cuatro fases del proceso: prescripciónmédica, transcripción/validación en farmacia, transcripciónde enfermería y dispensación.Resultados: Con la prescripción manual se detectaron 1.576errores/18.539 órdenes de tratamiento (8,50%), y con la prescripciónelectrónica 827 errores/18.885 órdenes de tratamiento(4,38%), lo que supone una reducción relativa del riesgo del 48%y una reducción absoluta del riesgo de 4,12% (p < 0,0001). Existeuna disminución de errores de transcripción/validación en farmacia(1,73 vs. 0,13%, p < 0,0001), transcripción de enfermería(2,54 vs. 0,81%, p < 0,0001) y dispensación (2,13 vs. 0,96%, p < 0,0001); sin embargo, en la prescripción se observa un aumentodel número de errores (2,10 vs. 2,40%, p = 0,0401).Conclusiones: La prescripción electrónica es una herramientamuy poderosa que ha mostrado en este trabajo disminuir deforma muy significativa los errores de medicación, dieta y cuidadosde enfermería, pero que hay que desarrollar y mantener paraconseguir la seguridad y efectividad que se pretende en la utilizaciónde medicamentos

Objective: Electronic prescribing is considered a basic measurefor the prevention and reduction of medications errors. Thegoal of this survey was to assess the incidence of errors occurringwith electronic versus standard prescription.Method: A prospective, sequential, open-label study to assesserrors with electronic prescribing as compared to traditional manualprescribing in two public hospitals in Balearic Islands. Errorsregarding medication, diet and/or nursing orders were assessesalong four process stages: medical prescription, pharmacy transcription/validation, nursing transcription, and dispensation.Results: With manual prescription 1,576 errors/18,539 therapyorders (8.50%) were identified, whereas with electronic prescription827 errors/18,885 therapy orders (4.38%) were detected,which represents a relative risk reduction by 48% and an absoluterisk reduction by 4.12% (p < 0.0001). Pharmacy transcription/validationerrors decreased (1.73 vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001), as did nursingtranscription errors (2.54 vs. 0.81%, p < 0.0001) and dispensationerrors (2.13 vs. 0.96%, p < 0.0001); however, the number ofprescription errors increased (2.10 vs. 2.40%, p = 0.0401).Conclusions: Electronic prescription is a powerful tool, andone that in this work was shown to decrease medication-, diet-,and nursing care-related errors in a highly significant way; however,it should be developed and maintained in order to achieve safetyand effectiveness as required by drug usage

[Probable hypersensitivity reaction to parenteral nutrition: report of a case]. / Probable reacción de hipersensibilidad a la nutrición parenteral: a propósito de un caso.

A probable case of hypersensitivity reaction to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in a 55 years old patient diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma is presented. Onset of TPN infusion coincides with the time of the onset of a disseminated pruritic cutaneous eruption that repeats after a second exposure to nutrition. The likely causes of this hypersensitivity reaction are analyzed.

Probable reacción de hipersensibilidad a la nutrición parenteral: a propósito de un caso / Probable hypersensitivity reaction to parenteral nutrition: apropos of a case

Se presenta un caso probable de reacción de hipersensibilidad a Nutrición Parenteral Total (NPT) en un paciente de 55 años diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma gástrico. El inicio de la infusión de la NPT coincide en el tiempo con la aparición de una erupción cutánea pruriginosa diseminada que se repite tras una segunda exposición a la nutrición. Se analizan las causas probables de esta reacción de hipersensibilidad (AU)

A probable case of hypersensitivity reaction to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in a 55 years old patient diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma is presented. Onset of TPN infusion coincides with the time of the onset of a disseminated pruritic cutaneous eruption that repeats after a second exposure to nutrition. The likely causes of this hypersensitivity reaction are analyzed (AU)

[A prospective comparative study to assess the impact of pharmaceutical intervention in the promotion of sequential therapy with flouroquinolones]. / Estudio prospectivo y comparativo para evaluar el impacto de la intervención farmacéutica en la promoción de la terapia secuencial con fluoroquinolonas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of pharmaceutical intervention on the use of sequential therapy (ST) with fluoroquinolones. METHODS: A prospective comparative study of pharmaceutical intervention in two stages: observational stage and intervention stage for ST promotion. RESULTS: In all, 250 patients receiving intravenous therapy with fluoroquinolones (113 with levofloxacin and 137 with ciprofloxacin) were studied, with 76 and 70 patients, respectively, being eligible for a pharmaceutical intervention program to promote ST. Pharmaceutical intervention showed a decreased duration of intravenous therapy and increased duration of oral therapy for both drugs, as well as decreased medication-related costs, all in a statistically significant manner. DISCUSSION: ST promotion provides an opportunity to expand the role of hospital pharmacists and to optimize fluoroquinolone-based therapy, which results in decreased intravenous treatments and provides a more cost-effective option.

[A prospective randomized study of sulphonylureas therapeutic interchange in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado de intercambio terapéutico de sulfonilureas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

OBJECTIVE: To clinically assess effectiveness of therapeutic interchange from glibenclamide to gliclazide in the hospital setting. METHODS: An open-label prospective, randomized study with two groups of patients: a reference group (patients still receiving their previous outpatient regimen of glibenclamide) and an interchange group (patients with gliclazide substituted for glibenclamide according to a hospital-approved interchange protocol). The efficacy endpoint used was blood glucose at 3 and 6 days post-intervention. A patient with blood glucose < 200 mg/L was considered clinically controlled, and blood glucose changes < or > 30 mg/dL were considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen patients were randomized. Blood glucose on the day before the intervention was 177.9 mg/dL +/- 63.4 in the reference group versus 171.3 mg/dL +/- 52.1 in the interchange group (p = 0.92). Mean blood glucose during the first 3 days post-intervention was 156.1 mg/dL +/- 47.5 and 177.7 mg/dL +/- 36.0 (p = 0.14) in the reference and interchange groups, respectively; and mean values for the first 6 days post-intervention were 142.1 mg/dL +/- 36.0 and 172.8 mg/dL +/- 28.2, respectively (p = 0.01). The overall analysis of blood glucose levels showed a better control in the reference group versus baseline values, which was not seen in the interchange group, where blood glucose remained stable and similar to baseline. In no case were 3-day and 6-day blood glucose mean levels above 200 mg/dL, which may be considered acceptable within the hospital setting. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic interchange may be safely performed with no clinical impairment, but better controls were achieved in the reference group.