Ubicación inusual de lesiones osteocondrales en la rodilla del adolescente / Unusual location of osteochondral lesions in adolescent’s knees

Las lesiones osteocondrales en la rodilla del adolescente se localizan principalmente en las áreas de carga a nivel de los cóndilos femorales, las lesiones ubicadas en la tróclea son excepcionales abarcando menos de 1%. La etiología de la ODJ sigue siendo desconocida; puede ser causa de lesiones osteocondrales los traumatismos directos frontales en los cóndilos femorales y por trauma directo de la patela sobre la tróclea en las luxaciones de ésta. En este nivel, ambos mecanismos pueden causar lesiones tanto condrales como osteocondrales. En este trabajo presentamos dos casos, en que se incluye a un paciente con afectación bilateral de la tróclea; ambos de las mismas características, se realizó artroscopía con extracción de cuerpos libres, regularización del lecho y perforaciones con resultados satisfactorios a largo plazo. La presencia de lesiones osteocondrales en la tróclea es muy rara; en la literatura hay descritos muy pocos casos de bilateralidad. La etiología exacta de la ODJ en la rodilla sigue siendo discutida. En nuestros casos, el mecanismo podría explicarse por un impacto de baja presión pero a alta velocidad de la patela sobre la tróclea. Este tipo de lesiones podría encontrarse sobre defectos u anomalías de la osificación de la infancia, la bilateralidad de uno de estos casos apoyaría esta hipótesis. El tratamiento depende de la estabilidad de la lesión y de la edad del paciente. El tratamiento quirúrgico debe ser considerado en los pacientes con fisis abierta que tengan lesión inestable o desprendida y en aquellos en que la fisis está por cerrar, pero que no han respondido al tratamiento conservador, como también en aquellos pacientes con cuerpo libre intraarticular. Otro punto a considerar es que la fijación sin pastilla ósea o insuficiente ofrece resultados mediocres.

Osteochondral knee lesions in adolescents are primarily located in loading areas at the level of the femoral condyles. Lesions located in the trochlea are exceptional and account for less than 1%. The etiology of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is still unknown. Osteochondral lesions may be caused by direct frontal trauma of the femoral condyles and by direct trauma of the patella on the trochlea in dislocations of the latter. At this level both mechanisms may cause both chondral and osteochondral lesions. We present herein two cases with the same characteristics that include one patient with bilateral involvement of the trochlea. Arthroscopy was performed with removal of loose bodies, regularization of the bed and perforations, with appropriate long term results. Osteochondral lesions are rarely found in the trochlea; the literature contains very few bilateral cases described. The exact etiology of JOCD of the knee continues to be debated. In our cases the mechanism could be explained by a low-pressure high-speed impact of the patella on the trochlea. This type of lesions may be added to defects or abnormalities of ossification during childhood. The bilaterality of one of these cases would support this hypothesis. Treatment depends on lesion stability and patient age. Surgical treatment should be considered in patients with open physes with an unstable or detached lesion and in those in whom the physis is about to close but have not responded to conservative treatment, as well as in patients with an intraarticular loose body. Another point to consider is that insufficient fixation or fixation without a bone chip leads to mediocre results.

[Unusual location of osteochondral lesions in adolescent's knees]. / Ubicación inusual de lesiones osteocondrales en la rodilla del adolescente.

Osteochondral knee lesions in adolescents are primarily located in loading areas at the level of the femoral condyles. Lesions located in the trochlea are exceptional and account for less than 1%. The etiology of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is still unknown. Osteochondral lesions may be caused by direct frontal trauma of the femoral condyles and by direct trauma of the patella on the trochlea in dislocations of the latter. At this level both mechanisms may cause both chondral and osteochondral lesions. We present herein two cases with the same characteristics that include one patient with bilateral involvement of the trochlea. Arthroscopy was performed with removal of loose bodies, regularization of the bed and perforations, with appropriate long term results. Osteochondral lesions are rarely found in the trochlea; the literature contains very few bilateral cases described. The exact etiology of JOCD of the knee continues to be debated. In our cases the mechanism could be explained by a low-pressure high-speed impact of the patella on the trochlea. This type of lesions may be added to defects or abnormalities of ossification during childhood. The bilaterality of one of these cases would support this hypothesis. Treatment depends on lesion stability and patient age. Surgical treatment should be considered in patients with open physes with an un stable or detached lesion and in those in whom the physis is about to close but have not responded to conservative treatment, as well as in patients with an intraarticular loose body. Another point to consider is that insufficient fixation or fixation without a bone chip leads to mediocre results.

Rotura bilateral del tendón Aquiles secundario a levofloxacino / Bilateral achilles’ tendon rupture secondary to levofloxacin

Introducción. Las fluoroquinolonas presentan una variedad de efectos secundarios que incluyen la fototoxicidad, las alteraciones dermatológicas y las tendinopatías. Éstas últimas son más frecuentes en tendones que han tenido gran estrés, como el Aquiles, pero su afección bilateral es muy infrecuente. Caso. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 83 años que al segundo día de tratamiento con levofloxacino comienza con dolor en ambos tendones de Aquiles, que en la valoración clínica y radiológica al mes de iniciados los síntomas se aprecia rotura de ambos tendones, y requiere de tratamiento quirúrgico mediante tenorrafia y colgajos de fascia de gemelos con buena evolución posterior. Conclusiones. Se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía (AU)

Introduction. Fluoroquinolones possess several side effects including phototoxicity, skin alterations and tendinopathies. The latter are more frequent in tendons subjected to heavy stresses such as the Achilles’ tendon. However, bilateral involvement is rare.Clinical case. We present the case of an 83-year-old patient who, 2 days after beginning treatment with levofloxacin developed pain in both Achilles’ tendons. A clinical-radiological assessment one month after the onset of symptoms revealed rupture of both tendons, which made surgical treatment necessary. A tenorrhaphy was performed with gastrocnemius fascial flaps. The patient's evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions. A literature review was performed (AU)