Tissue Plasminogen Activator Prescription and Administration Errors within a Regional Stroke System.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) utilization in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires weight-based dosing and a standardized infusion rate. In our regional network, we have tried to minimize tPA dosing errors. We describe the frequency and types of tPA administration errors made in our comprehensive stroke center (CSC) and at community hospitals (CHs) prior to transfer. METHODS: Using our stroke quality database, we extracted clinical and pharmacy information on all patients who received IV tPA from 2010-11 at the CSC or CH prior to transfer. All records were analyzed for the presence of inclusion/exclusion criteria deviations or tPA errors in prescription, reconstitution, dispensing, or administration, and for association with outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 131 AIS cases treated with IV tPA: 51% female; mean age 68; 32% treated at the CSC, and 68% at CHs (including 26% by telestroke) from 22 CHs. tPA prescription and administration errors were present in 64% of all patients (41% CSC, 75% CH, P < .001), the most common being incorrect dosage for body weight (19% CSC, 55% CH, P < .001). Of the 27 overdoses, there were 3 deaths due to systemic hemorrhage or ICH. Nonetheless, outcomes (parenchymal hematoma, mortality, modified Rankin Scale score) did not differ between CSC and CH patients nor between those with and without errors. CONCLUSION: Despite focus on minimization of tPA administration errors in AIS patients, such errors were very common in our regional stroke system. Although an association between tPA errors and stroke outcomes was not demonstrated, quality assurance mechanisms are still necessary to reduce potentially dangerous, avoidable errors.

Comparison of chronic systolic heart failure guideline adherence for two ambulatory clinics / Comparación del cumplimiento de las guías para fallo cardíaco crónico sistólico en dos clínicas ambulatorias

Guidelines have been published for management of chronic systolic heart failure to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Objective: A quality review of the heart failure medical therapy for a community family medicine residency program clinic and a multidisciplinary heart failure specialty clinic was performed to compare adherence to ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines, with regard to medications and in titrating to recommended target doses. Methods: The study was a retrospective chart review and data collected included name and dose of any ACEI, beta-blocker, ARB, or other medication addressed in the guidelines. Results: Specialty clinic patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressures and ejection fractions. Significantly more patients were prescribed beta-blockers in the specialty clinic population (98% vs 80%, p<0.05). Both patient populations had very low rates of reaching target beta-blocker doses (15% vs 21%, p=0.27). More patients in the family medicine clinic reached target doses of ACEI (64% vs 49%, p<0.05) and ARBs (67% vs 35%, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed the vast majority of patients in either a community family medicine residency program or heart failure specialty clinic were prescribed ACEI or ARB, and beta-blockers. However, achieving target doses should continue to be an important goal for practitioners (AU)

Se han publicado guías para el manejo del fallo cardiaco sistólico crónico para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes. Objetivo: Se realizó una revisión de la calidad del tratamiento del fallo cardíaco en un programa de residencia en una clínica de medicina familiar y en una clínica multidisciplinaria especializada en fallo cardiaco para comparar el cumplimiento de las guías de fallo cardiaco ACC/AHA en relación a la medicación y en la reducción de dosis hacia las dosis recomendadas. Métodos: El estudio fue una revisión retrospectiva de historiales y una recogida de datos que incluyó nombre y dosis de cualquier IECA, betabloqueante, ARA u otra medicación mencionada en las guías. Resultados: La clínica especializada tuvo presiones sistólicas y fracciones de eyección significativamente más bajas. Se prescribió betabloqueantes significativamente a más pacientes en la clínica especializada (98% vs 80%, p<0.05). Ambos grupos de pacientes tuvieron tasa muy bajas de alcanzar los valores objetivo de dosis de betabloqueantes (15% vs 21%, p=0.27). Más pacientes en la clínica de medicina familiar alcanzaron las dosis objetivo de IECA (64% vs 49%, p<0.05) y ARA (67% vs 35%, p<0.05). Conclusiones: Este estudio revela que la gran mayoría de pacientes, tanto en un programa de medicina familiar y comunitaria como en una clínica especializada en fallo cardiaco tenían prescritos IECA o ARA y betabloquenates. Sin embargo, alcanzar las dosis objetivo debería continuar a ser una meta para los facultativos (AU)

Comparison of chronic systolic heart failure guideline adherence for two ambulatory clinics.

UNLABELLED: Guidelines have been published for management of chronic systolic heart failure to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: A quality review of the heart failure medical therapy for a community family medicine residency program clinic and a multidisciplinary heart failure specialty clinic was performed to compare adherence to ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines, with regard to medications and in titrating to recommended target doses. METHODS: The study was a retrospective chart review and data collected included name and dose of any ACEI, beta-blocker, ARB, or other medication addressed in the guidelines. RESULTS: Specialty clinic patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressures and ejection fractions. Significantly more patients were prescribed beta-blockers in the specialty clinic population (98% vs 80%, p<0.05). Both patient populations had very low rates of reaching target beta-blocker doses (15% vs 21%, p=0.27). More patients in the family medicine clinic reached target doses of ACEI (64% vs 49%, p<0.05) and ARBs (67% vs 35%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the vast majority of patients in either a community family medicine residency program or heart failure specialty clinic were prescribed ACEI or ARB, and beta-blockers. However, achieving target doses should continue to be an important goal for practitioners.

Evidence-based treatment recommendations for uremic bleeding.

Uremic bleeding syndrome is a recognized consequence of renal failure and can result in clinically significant sequelae. Although the pathophysiology of the condition has yet to be fully elucidated, it is believed to be multifactorial. This article is a review of both the normal hemostatic and homeostatic mechanisms that operate within the body to prevent unnecessary bleeding, as well as an in-depth discussion of the dysfunctional components that contribute to the complications associated with uremic bleeding syndrome. As a result of the multifactorial nature of this syndrome, prevention and treatment options can include one or a combination of the following: dialysis, erythropoietin, cryoprecipitate, desmopressin, and conjugated estrogens. Here, these treatment options are compared with regard to their mechanism of action, and onset and duration of efficacy. An extensive review of the clinical trials that have evaluated each treatment is also presented. Lastly, we have created an evidence-based treatment algorithm to help guide clinicians through most clinical scenarios, and answered common questions related to the management of uremic bleeding.